886 research outputs found
SU(3)_LxU(1)_N Model for Right-Handed Neutrino Neutral Currents
A model based on the \mbox{SU(3)}_L\otimes \mbox{U(1)}_N gauge group, in
which neutrinos have right-handed neutral currents is considered. We argue that
in order to have a result consistent with low-energy one, the right-handed
neutrino component must be treated as correction instead of an equivalent spin
state.Comment: 6 pages, Latex, no figures, Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
The role of the lateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate in stimulusâresponse association reversals
Many complex tasks require us to flexibly switch between
behavioral rules, associations, and strategies. The prefrontal cerebral cortex is thought to be critical to the performance of such behaviors, although the relative contribution of different components of this structure and associated subcortical regions are not fully understood. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain activity during a simple task which required repeated reversals of a rule linking a colored cue and a left/right motor response. Each trial comprised three discrete events separated by variable delay periods. A colored cue instructed which response was to be executed, followed by a go signal which told the subject to execute the response and a feedback instruction which indicated whether to ââholdââ or ââf lipââ the rule linking the colored cue and response. The design allowed us to determine which brain regions were recruited by the specific demands of
preparing a rule contingent motor response, executing such a
response, evaluating the significance of the feedback, and
reconfiguring stimulusâresponse (SR) associations. The results indicate that an increase in neural activity occurs within the anterior cingulate gyrus under conditions in which SR associations are labile. In contrast, lateral frontal regions are activated by unlikely/unexpected perceptual events regardless of their significance for behavior. A network of subcortical structures, including the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus and striatum were the only regions showing activity that was exclusively correlated with the neurocognitive demands of reversing SR associations. We conclude that lateral frontal regions act to evaluate the behavioral significance of perceptual
events, whereas medial frontalâthalamic circuits are involved in monitoring and reconfiguring SR associations when necessary
Mass transfer properties of Acacia mangium plantation wood
This study investigated the mass transfer properties (permeability and mass diffusivity) in the longitudinal, radial and tangential directions of plantation-grown Acacia mangium in VinhPhuc province,northeast, Vietnam. These properties will be used to complement a conventional drying model in the future. Measurements of gas and liquid permeability were performed using a Porometer (POROLUXTM1000). Mass diffusivity was determined in a constant humidity and temperature chamber using PVC-CHA vaporimeters. Results showed the gas permeability was significant higher than liquid with the descending order of longitudinal, radial, and tangential directions. The permeability anisotropy ratios from the longitudinal to transverse directions of Acacia mangium were much lower than other published species. However, the obvious anisotropy ratios from radial to tangential for both permeability and diffusivity, is one of concerns as they can exacerbate defects during drying. Besides, the high permeability and diffusivity of Acaciamangium compared to some other species reported compounds its relatively fast drying rate
Retrieval of material properties of monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides from magnetoexciton energy spectra
Reduced exciton mass, polarizability, and dielectric constant of the
surrounding medium are essential properties for semiconduction materials, and
they can be extracted recently from the magnetoexciton energies. However, the
acceptable accuracy of the previously suggested method requires very high
magnetic intensity. Therefore, in the present paper, we propose an alternative
method of extracting these material properties from recently available
experimental magnetoexciton s-state energies in monolayer transition-metal
dichalcogenides (TMDCs). The method is based on the high sensitivity of exciton
energies to the material parameters in the Rytova-Keldysh model. It allows us
to vary the considered material parameters to get the best fit of the
theoretical calculation to the experimental exciton energies for the ,
, and states. This procedure gives values of the exciton reduced mass
and 2D polarizability. Then, the experimental magnetoexciton spectra compared
to the theoretical calculation gives also the average dielectric constant.
Concrete applications are presented only for monolayers WSe and WS from
the recently available experimental data. However, the presented approach is
universal and can be applied to other monolayer TMDCs. The mentioned fitting
procedure requires a fast and effective method of solving the Schr\"{o}dinger
of an exciton in monolayer TMDCs with a magnetic field. Therefore, we also
develop such a method in this study for highly accurate magnetoexciton
energies.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 4 table
The 331 model with right-handed neutrinos
We explore some more consequences of the electroweak
model with right-handed neutrinos. By introducing the mixing angle
, the {\it exact} physical eigenstates for neutral gauge bosons are
obtained. Because of the mixing, there is a modification to the coupling
proportional to . The data from the -decay allows us to fix the
limit for as . >From the neutrino
neutral current scatterings, we estimate a bound for the new neutral gauge
boson mass in the range 300 GeV, and from symmetry-breaking hierarchy a
bound for the new charged and neutral (non-Hermitian) gauge bosons are obtained.Comment: Slight changes in section 5, Latex, 16 page
Alemtuzumab preconditioning with tacrolimus monotherapy - The impact of serial monitoring for donor-specific antibody
BACKGROUND. Antibody preconditioning with tacrolimus monotherapy has allowed many renal allograft recipients to be maintained on spaced weaning. METHODS. Of 279 renal allograft recipients transplanted between March 2003 and December 2004, 222 (80%) had spaced weaning (i.e., reduction of tacrolimus monotherapy dosing to every other day, three times a week, twice a week, or once a week) attempted. Routine monitoring for donor-specific antibody (DSA) was begun in September 2004. Mean follow-up is 34±6.5 months after transplantation and 26±8.1 months after the initiation of spaced weaning. RESULTS. One hundred and twenty-two (44%) patients remained on spaced weaning. One- and 2-year actual patient/graft survival was 99%/99%, and 97%/96%. Fifty-six (20%) patients experienced acute rejection after initiation of spaced weaning. One- and 2-year actual patient/graft survival was 100%/98%, and 94%/78%. Forty-two (15%) patients with stable renal function had spaced weaning stopped because of the development of DSA, which disappeared in 17 (40%). One- and 2-year actual patient and graft survival was 100% and 100%. CONCLUSION. Adult renal transplant recipients who are able to be maintained on spaced weaning have excellent outcomes. Patients with stable renal function who have reversal of weaning because of the development of DSA also have excellent outcomes. Routine monitoring for DSA may allow patients to avoid late rejection after spaced weaning. © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc
First Confirmed Detection of a Bipolar Molecular Outflow from a Young Brown Dwarf
Studying the earliest stages in the birth of stars is crucial for
understanding how they form. Brown dwarfs with masses between that of stars and
planets are not massive enough to maintain stable hydrogen-burning fusion
reactions during most of their lifetime. Their origins are subject to much
debate in recent literature because their masses are far below the typical mass
where core collapse is expected to occur. We present the first confirmed
evidence that brown dwarfs undergo a phase of molecular outflow that is typical
of young stars. Using the Submillimeter Array, we have obtained a map of a
bipolar molecular outflow from a young brown dwarf. We estimate an outflow mass
of 1.6 x 10^-4 M_Sun and a mass-loss rate of 1.4 x 10^-9 M_Sun. These values
are over two orders of magnitude smaller than the typical ones for T Tauri
stars. From our millimiter continuum data and our own analysis of Spitzer
infrared photometry, we estimate that the brown dwarf has a disk with a mass of
8 x 10^-3 M_Sun and an outer disk radius of 80 AU. Our results demonstrate that
the bipolar molecular outflow operates down to planetary masses, occurring in
brown dwarfs as a scaled-down version of the universal process seen in young
stars.Comment: accepted by ApJ Letter
Alemtuzumab induction and tacrolimus monotherapy in pancreas transplantation: One- and two-year outcomes
BACKGROUND. Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) induction with tacrolimus monotherapy has been shown to provide effective immunosuppression for kidney, liver, lung, and small bowel transplantation. This drug combination was evaluated in pancreas transplant recipients. METHODS. Sixty consecutive pancreas transplants (30 simultaneous pancreas-kidney, 20 pancreas after kidney, and 10 pancreas alone) were carried out under this protocol between July 2003 to January 2005. The mean follow-up was 22 months (range 17-33). RESULTS. One-year patient, pancreas, and kidney allograft survival were 95%, 93%, and 90%, respectively. With 22 months follow-up, patient, pancreas, and kidney survival were 94%, 89%, and 87%, respectively. The rejection rate was 30% (18/60), with four patients (7%) experiencing steroid-resistant rejection. Major infection occurred in three (5%) patients resulting in two (3.3%) deaths from disseminated histoplasmosis and a herpes virus infection. One patient with cryptococcal meningitis was successfully treated. Seven (11.7%) patients experienced cytomegalovirus infection, all of whom responded to treatment with ganciclovir. One (1.7%) case of polymorphic posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease was seen, which regressed with a temporary discontinuation of tacrolimus and high-dose ganciclovir. The mean serum creatinine of the 30 simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants at one year posttransplant was 1.37±0.33 mg/ml. The preexisting creatinine in pancreas after kidney transplants was not adversely affected by this immunosuppressive protocol. CONCLUSION. A single dose of perioperative alemtuzumab followed by daily tacrolimus monotherapy provides effective immunosuppression for pancreas transplantation, but the optimal use of this drug combination is not yet clear. © 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc
Seasonal variation of phytoplankton in My Thanh River, Mekong delta, Vietnam
A study on the seasonal variation of phytoplankton composition was conducted at the upper, middle, and lower parts of the My Thanh River, which supplies an important source of water for aquaculture. Qualitative and quantitative samples of phytoplankton were collected monthly at both high and low tide. The results showed that a total of 171 phytoplankton (algae) species were recorded, belonging to 59 genera and 5 phyla. Diatoms were the most abundant group with the highest species number, followed by green algae. The other phyla possessed a lower number of species. The species composition was more diverse in the rainy season and at high tide at most of the sampling sites. The mean density of algae varied from 30,900-43,521 ind.L^-1^. The density of diatoms was higher in the middle and lower parts. At the same time, euglenoids displayed the highest density in the upper part, showing a difference in the dominant algae group under the influence of salinity. Salinity was found to be significantly positively correlated (p<0.01) with diatoms, whereas it was negatively correlated (p<0.05) with blue-green algae and euglenoids. The algae composition was quite diverse, with the H' index ranging from 2.0-3.3, showing the water quality was slightly to moderately polluted
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