The effects of man-marking on work intensity in small-sided soccer games

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of manipulating defensive rules: with and without man-marking (MM and NMM) on exercise intensity in 3 vs. 3 small-sided games (SSGs). Twelve adolescent soccer players (age: 16.2 ± 0.7 years; body mass: 55.7 ± 6.4 kg; body height: 1.70 ± 0.07 m) participated in this repeated measures study. Each participant performed in four different SSGs formats: 3 vs. 3 MM with and without goals and 3 vs. 3 NMM with and without goals. Each SSG lasted 3 x 4 minutes interspersed with 4 minutes passive recovery. The percentage heart rate reserve (%HRreserve) was recorded continuously during SSG and session-rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) after the SSG. MANOVA showed that defensive rule had significant effects on intensity (F = 5.37, p < 0.01). Specifically, MM during SSG induced significantly higher %HRreserve compared to NMM (Goal: 80.5 vs. 75.7%; No goal: 80.5 vs. 76.1%; p < 0.05, effect size = 0.91-1.06), irrespective of the presence or absence of goals. However, only MM with the presence of goals induced significant higher session-RPE compared to NMM (7.1 vs. 6.0; p < 0.05, effect size = 1.36), whereas no difference in session-RPE was observed between MM and NMM (7.4 vs. 6.9; p > 0.05, effect size = 0.63) when no goals were used. Higher intra-class reliability and lower coefficient of variation values were also reported in MM as compared to NMM. This study in youth soccer players shows there is ~4.5% increase in heart rate response by using the man-marking in 3 vs. 3 SSG thus the intensity of SSG can be significantly increased when using man-marking tactics

Staging chronic hepatitis C in seven categories using fibrosis biomarker (FibroTest&#8482;) and transient elastography (FibroScan&#174;)

Background & Aims FibroTest\u2122 (FT) and Transient Elastography (TE) have been validated as non-invasive markers of METAVIR fibrosis stages from F0 to F4 using biopsy, and as prognostic markers of liver related mortality in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The aim was to extend the validation of FT and TE as markers of critical steps defined by occurrence of cirrhosis without complications (F4.1), esophageal varices (F4.2), and severe complications (F4.3): primary liver cancer, variceal bleeding, or decompensation (ascites, encephalopathy, or jaundice). Methods The updated individual data of 3927 patients (1046 cirrhotics) without complications at baseline were pooled from three prospective cohorts called "EPIC", "Paris", and "Bordeaux" cohorts. Results At 5 years, among 501 patients without varices at baseline (F4.1) varices occurred in 19 patients [F4.2 incidence of 4.0% (95% CI 2.2-5.8)]. The predictive performance (AUROC) of FT was 0.77 (0.66-0.84; p <0.001). At 10 years severe complications occurred in 203 patients, [F4.3 incidence of 13.4% (9.6-17.1)], including primary liver cancer in 84 patients [6.4% (3.5-9.3)]. FT was predictive (Cox adjusted on treatment) of severe complications [AUROC 0.79 (76-82); p <0.0001], including primary liver cancer [AUROC 0.84 (80-87); p <0.0001]. Similarly TE was predictive of severe complications [AUROC 0.77 (72-81); p <0.0001], including primary liver cancer [AUROC 0.86 (81-90); p <0.0001]. Conclusions FibroTest\u2122 and TE increase were associated with the occurrence of all severe complications including hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic insufficiency, and variceal bleeding. FibroTest\u2122 increase was also associated with the occurrence of esophageal varices

A life-cycle assessment framework for\ua0stereolithography

Additive manufacturing is nowadays applied in many different fields, ranging from amateur prototyping to industrial production. In particular, small-sized stereolithographic apparatuses are widely spread due to their low cost, high accuracy and easiness of use. Despite the large diffusion of this technology, its sustainability aspects are not enough investigated, and a general lack of tools for the life-cycle assessment can be observed. The present paper proposes a framework for the development of a life-cycle impact metrics of stereolithography production in a certain area. All the contributions to the overall environmental impact of the manufacturing process are attributed to two main parameters, i.e. the amount of polymerised resin and the time of the process, thus allowing to easily integrate the results within the life-cycle assessment of a generic part. The parametrisation of the LCA also allows getting an estimation of the life-cycle impact from a digital representation of the part

Effect of surface treatment on mode I interlaminar fracture behaviour of plain glass woven fabric composites - Part 1 : Report of the 2nd round-robin test results

International audienc

Effect of surface treatment on mode I interlaminar fracture behaviour of plain glass woven fabric composites - Part 1 : Report of the 2nd round-robin test results

International audienc

Effect of surface treatment on mode I interlaminar fracture behaviour of plain glass woven fabric composites - Part 1 : Report of the 2nd round-robin test results

International audienc