80 research outputs found
Encapsulation of a chloroform molecule in a peptide nanotube
We determine the encapsulation of a chloroform molecule into a D,L-Ala cyclopeptide nanotube by investigating the interaction energy between the two molecular structures. We employ the Lennard-Jones potential and a continuum approach which assumes that the atoms are evenly distributed over the molecules providing average atomic densities. Our result demonstrates that the encapsulation depends on the size of the molecule and the internal diameter of the peptide nantube. In particular, the on-axis chloroform molecule is only accepted into a peptide nanotube whose internal radius is greater than 5 Ã
. If located near the edge of the nanotube, then it is unlikely that the chloroform molecule will enter the nanotube. This is due to the energy valley that the molecule will need to overcome to move past the edge into the open end of the nanotube
Mathematical modelling in nanotechnology
The interaction of nano particles with conventional materials dramatically changes all the physical parameters, which usually characterize the bulk material. The nano particles constitute highly reactive isolated sites to the extent that it leads to a change in the electronic structure of the nano composite, and accordingly all the physical properties, such as thermal, mechanical and electrical properties become different from those of the bulk material. To successfully exploit nano composites as components and devices, this fundamental shift of physical properties must be properly understood and accurately modelled. While experimentation is crucial, a theoretical understanding is also necessary and with changed physical parameters, existing continuum theories may still be able to capture critical phenomena. This paper provides an introduction to some of the issues and the theoretical developments in nanotechnology involving the three topics of the enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids, electrorheological fulids and the mechanics of carbon nanotubes. It is presented with a view to identifying those areas where applied mathematical modelling might yield important insights
Modelling water molecules inside cyclic peptide nanotubes
Cyclic peptide nanotubes occur during the selfassembly process of cyclic peptides. Due to the ease of synthesis and ability to control the properties of outer surface and inner diameter by manipulating the functional side chains and the number of amino acids, cyclic peptide nanotubes have attracted much interest from many research areas. A potential application of peptide nanotubes is their use as artificial transmembrane channels for transporting ions, biomolecules and waters into cells. Here, we use the Lennard-Jones potential and a continuum approach to study the interaction of a water molecule in a cyclo[(-DAla- L-Ala)4-] peptide nanotube. Assuming that each unit of a nanotube comprises an inner and an outer tube and that a water molecule is made up of a sphere of two hydrogen atoms uniformly distributed over its surface and a single oxygen atom at the centre, we determine analytically the interaction energy of the water molecule and the peptide nanotube. Using this energy, we find that, independent of the number of peptide units, the water molecule will be accepted inside the nanotube. Once inside the nanotube, we show that a water molecule prefers to be off-axis, closer to the surface of the inner nanotube. Furthermore, our study of two water molecules inside the peptide nanotube supports the finding that water molecules form an array of a 1 - 2 - 1 - 2 file inside peptide nanotubes. The theoretical study presented here can facilitate thorough understanding of the behaviour of water molecules inside peptide nanotubes for applications, such as artificial transmembrane channels
Encapsulation of C60 fullerenes into single-walled carbon nanotubes: Fundamental mechanical principles and conventional applied mathematical modeling
A well-known self-assembled hybrid carbon nanostructure is a nanopeapod which may be regarded as the prototype nanocarrier for drug delivery. While the investigation of the packing of C60 molecules inside a carbon nanotube is usually achieved through either experimentation or large scale computation, this paper adopts elementary mechanical principles and classical applied mathematical modeling techniques to formulate explicit analytical criteria and ideal model behavior for such encapsulation. In particular, we employ the Lennard-Jones potential and the continuum approximation to determine three encapsulation mechanisms for a C60 fullerene entering a tube: (i) through the tube open end (head-on), (ii) around the edge of the tube open end, and (iii) through a defect opening on the tube wall. These three encapsulation mechanisms are undertaken for each of the three specific carbon nanotubes (10,10), (16,16), and (20,20). We assume that all configurations are in vacuum and the C60 fullerene is initially at rest. Double integrals are performed to determine the energy of the system and analytical expressions are obtained in terms of hypergeometric functions. Our results suggest that the C60 fullerene is most likely to be encapsulated by head-on through the open tube end and that encapsulation around the tube edge is least likely to occur because of the large van der Waals energy barriers which exist at the tube ends
Effects of Patient Education on the Use of Herbal and Nutritional Supplements in Patients with Renal Impairment
Objective: To determine the use rate of herbs and dietary supplements and evaluate the effects of health education on using of herbs and dietary supplements with potential effects on renal function in patients with renal impairment. Methods: This one-group pretest-posttest experimental study was conducted at the outpatient department in Suddhavej hospital, Faculty of medicine, Mahasarakham University between January and February 2016. Patients were provided an in-person health education session on herbs and dietary supplements with flip charts, leaflets, and pocketbook. The education was also given in the next 5 days via telephone. Patientsâ knowledge about the subject was measured before and after the education session and renal function was monitored before and 1 month, or next visit, after the session. Data of knowledge and the use behavior were collected using questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test and McNemar chi-square tests were used for analysis. Results: Of the 38 patients participating, they were 62.45 years of age and 57.9% were women. Before education session (baseline), their knowledgeâs score was 6.21 Âą 3.09 and was increased to 14.42 Âą 1.00 and 14.11 Âą 1.20 points at the end of the session and the study, with statistical significance (P-value < 0.001, for both). The use rate of the products was 44.7% of the patients and drooped to 18.7% at the end of study (P-value = 0.0012). Renal function was slightly increased at the end of study with no statistical significance (P-value). Conclusion: This study showed that the patient education on the usage of herbs and dietary supplements which effect to renal function significantly decreased the use of herbs and dietary supplements and increased patientsâ knowledge. Keywords: herb, nutritional supplements, patients with renal impairment, educatio
Continuum modelling of gigahertz nano-oscillators
Fullerenes and carbon nanotubes are of considerable interest throughout many scientific areas due to their unique and exceptional properties, such as low weight, high strength, flexibility, high thermal conductivity and chemical stability. These nanostructures have many potential applications in nano-devices. One concept that has attracted much attention is the creation of nano-oscillators, which can produce frequencies in the gigahertz range, for applications such as ultra-fast optical filters and nano-antennae. In this paper, we provide the underlying mechanisms of the gigahertz nano-oscillators and we review some recent results derived by the authors using the Lennard-Jones potential together with the continuum approach to mathematically model three different types of nano-oscillators including double-walled carbon nanotube, C60-nanotube and C60-nanotorus oscillators
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The Relationships among Social Situations and Psychological Immunity to Internet Behavior Focusing on Safety and Usefulness of Female Students in High Schools with or without Internet Safety ProjectThe objective of this study was to examine the relationships of the Internet using behavior for safety and usefulness with social situational factors, psychological traits, and psychological states. A sample of 597 Matayomsuksa 3 and 5 female students from four two of the schools utilized the internet behavior for safety and usefulness program while the other two did not. Based on the Interactionism Model as a conceptual framework. There was a total of 21 variables. The fourteen summated rating - scale type of measures were constructed to collect the data. The reliability of each measure ranged from .52 to .87. Three-Way Analysis of Variance, Hierarchical Multiple Regression and Path Analysis were used to analyze the data. Research findings were as follows. 1) The students who attended in the schools without training program but perceived more benefit of internet behavior for safety and usefulness, showed more internet behavior for usefulness than the opposite ones. This result was obvious among the students in the total sample. Also, it was found that the students attending in the schools with training program and perceived more benefit of internet behavior for safety and usefulness, revealed more internet behaviors for usefulness than the counter â parts. This finding was obvious among the students in the total sample and especially 3 types of subsamples namely, students inMatayom 3 level, having lower grade point average and having lower educational level mothers. 2) The students with the more parentsâ control of internet use and with the high psychological immunity had more internet using behavior for safety than their counterparts. This result was evident among the students from the schools with the internet using behavior program, the students with a low GPA, or the students with moderate time spent on the internet. 3) The students with the more perception of the benefits from school internet behavior program and with many good peer models for internet use had more peer supportive behavior on safety and usefulness than their counterparts. This finding wasprominent among the students from high economic status families. 4) Eleven variables were found to be predictive of all three types of the internet using behavior both in the total sample and in the various subsamples. 4.1) Internet using behavior for usefulness, the variables could account for 26.7 to 39.0%. 4.2) Internet using for safety, the variables could account for 38.2 to 50.6%. 4.3) Peer supportive behavior on safety and useful internet use, the variables could account for 37.9 to 51.2%. The important predictors were the favorable attitude towards the internet using behavior for safety andusefulness, the parentsâ control of internet use, future orientation and self-control, psychological immunity, the perception of benefits from the schoolâs internet training, correspondently. 5) Favorable attitude towards the internet behavior for safety and usefulness directly influenced the internet behavior for usefulness and the peer supportive behavior for safety and usefulness more than other variables.Furthermore, future orientation and self-control directly influenced the safe use of internet more than other variables.Keywords: internet behavior for safety and usefulness, psychological immunity,future orientation and self - control, parentsâ control of internet useāļāļāļāļąāļāļĒāđāļāļāļļāļāļĄāļļāđāļāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āđāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē āļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāđāļāļīāļāļŠāļēāđāļŦāļāļļāļāđāļēāļāļŠāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāđāļāđāļĢāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļāļāļāļĢāļąāļ§ 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āļāļēāļĢāļāļāļāļāļĒāļāļŦāļļāļāļđāļāđāļāļāļĄāļĩāļĨāļģāļāļąāļāđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļīāđāļāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđāļāļīāļāļāļīāļāļĨāđāļāļīāļāđāļŠāđāļ āļāļĨāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļāļ§āđāļē 1) āļāļąāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļĢāđāđāļāđāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāļđāđāļĄāļēāļ āļāļāđāļāļāļĨāļļāđāļĄāļāļąāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāđāļāđāļĢāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļēāļĢāđāļ§āļĄāđāļāļĢāļāļāļēāļĢāļŊ āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĢāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĒāļāļāđāļŊāļĄāļēāļ 2) āļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļĢāđāđāļāđāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāļāļĨāļāļāļ āļąāļĒāļĄāļēāļāļāļāđāļāļāļĨāļļāđāļĄāļāļąāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļāļđāđāļāļāļāļĢāļāļāļāļ§āļāļāļļāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļĢāđāđāļāđāļāļĄāļēāļāđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāļ āļđāļĄāļīāļāļļāđāļĄāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļāļīāļāļŠāļđāļ āļāļķāđāļāđāļāđāļāļāļąāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāđāļāđāļĢāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļēāļĢāđāļ§āļĄāđāļāļĢāļāļāļēāļĢāļŊ āļĄāļĩāļāļĨāļāļēāļĢāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāđāļģ āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāđāļ§āļĨāļēāđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļĢāđāđāļāđāļāļāļēāļāļāļĨāļēāļ 3) āļāļąāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļāļąāļāļŠāļāļļāļāđāļŦāđāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāđāļāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļĢāđāđāļāđāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļŠāļĢāļĢāļāđāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļāļāļ āļąāļĒāļĄāļēāļ āļāļ·āļ āļāļąāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĢāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĒāļāļāđāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļķāļāļāļāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļĢāđāđāļāđāļāđāļāđāļĢāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĄāļēāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāđāļāđāļāđāļāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļāļĩāļāļķāđāļāļāļāđāļāđāļāļāļąāļāđāļāļāļĨāļļāđāļĄāļāļąāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļĩāđāļāļĢāļāļāļāļĢāļąāļ§āļĄāļĩāļĢāļ°āļāļąāļāđāļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļāļŠāļđāļ 4) āļāļāļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāļāļąāđāļ11 āļāļąāļ§āļāļĩāđāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļāļģāļāļēāļĒāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļĢāđāđāļāđāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļŠāļĢāļĢāļāđāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļāļāļ āļąāļĒāļĢāļēāļĒāļāđāļēāļāļāļąāđāļāđāļāļāļĨāļļāđāļĄāļĢāļ§āļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļļāđāļĄāļĒāđāļāļĒāļāļąāļāļāļĩāđ 4.1) āļāļģāļāļēāļĒāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļĢāđāđāļāđāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāļđāđ āđāļāđāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđāļēāļāļĢāđāļāļĒāļĨāļ° 26.7 āļāļķāļ 39.0 āđāļāļāļĨāļļāđāļĄāļāļąāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāđāļāđāļĢāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļĩāđāđāļĄāđāđāļāđāļēāđāļāļĢāļāļāļēāļĢāļŊ 4.2) āļāļģāļāļēāļĒāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļĢāđāđāļāđāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāļāļĨāļāļāļ āļąāļĒ āđāļāđāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđāļēāļāļĢāđāļāļĒāļĨāļ° 38.2 āļāļķāļ 50.0 āđāļĨāļ° 4.3) āļāļģāļāļēāļĒāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļāļąāļāļŠāļāļļāļāđāļŦāđāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāđāļāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļĢāđāđāļāđāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļŠāļĢāļĢāļāđāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļāļāļ āļąāļĒ āđāļāđāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđāļēāļāļĢāđāļāļĒāļĨāļ° 37.9 āļāļķāļ 51.2 āđāļĨāļ°āļāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļģāļāļēāļĒāļāļĩāđāļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļāļāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļĢāđāđāļāđāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļŠāļĢāļĢāļāđāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļāļāļ āļąāļĒāļāļąāđāļ 3 āļāđāļēāļ āļāļ·āļ āđāļāļāļāļāļīāļāļĩāđāļāļĩāļāđāļāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļĢāđāđāļāđāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļŠāļĢāļĢāļāđāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļāļāļ āļąāļĒ āļāļēāļĢāļāļ§āļāļāļļāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļĢāđāđāļāđāļāļāļēāļāļāļđāđāļāļāļāļĢāļāļ āļĨāļąāļāļĐāļāļ°āļĄāļļāđāļāļāļāļēāļāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļ§āļāļāļļāļĄāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļ āļđāļĄāļāļļāđāļĄāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļāļīāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĢāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĒāļāļāđāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļķāļāļāļāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļĢāđāđāļāđāļāđāļāđāļĢāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļ āļāļēāļĄāļĨāļģāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļĄāļēāļāđāļāļāđāļāļĒ 5) āđāļāļāļāļāļīāļāļĩāđāļāļĩāļāđāļāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļĢāđāđāļāđāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļŠāļĢāļĢāļāđāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļāļāļ āļąāļĒāļĄāļĩāļāļīāļāļāļīāļāļĨāļāļēāļāļāļĢāļāļāđāļāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļĢāđāđāļāđāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāļđāđ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļāļąāļāļŠāļāļļāļāđāļŦāđāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāđāļāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļĢāđāđāļāđāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļŠāļĢāļĢāļāđāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļāļāļ āļąāļĒāļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđāļēāļāļąāļ§āđāļāļĢāđāļāļīāļāđāļŦāļāļļāļāļ·āđāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļąāļāļĐāļāļ°āļĄāļļāđāļāļāļāļēāļāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļ§āļāļāļļāļĄāļāļ āļĄāļĩāļāļīāļāļāļīāļāļĨāļāļēāļāļāļĢāļāļāđāļāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļĢāđāđāļāđāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāļāļĨāļāļāļ āļąāļĒāļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđāļēāļāļąāļ§āđāļāļĢāđāļāļīāļāđāļŦāļāļļāļāļ·āđāļāļāļģāļŠāļģāļāļąāļ: āļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļĢāđāđāļāđāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļŠāļĢāļĢāļāđāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļāļāļ āļąāļĒ āļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļ āļđāļĄāļīāļāļļāđāļĄāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļāļīāļ āļĨāļąāļāļĐāļāļ°āļĄāļļāđāļāļāļāļēāļāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļ§āļāļāļļāļĄāļāļ āļāļēāļĢāļāļ§āļāļāļļāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļĢāđāđāļāđāļāļāļēāļāļāļđāđāļāļāļāļĢāļ
āļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāđāļāļīāļāļŠāļēāđāļŦāļāļļāļāļēāļāļāļīāļāļŠāļąāļāļāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāđāļāļīāļāļāļĨāļāđāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļāļ āļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāđāļāļāļąāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļ§āļąāļĒāļĢāļļāđāļ (Reading Behavior of Adolescents : Its Psycho-Social Antecedents and Consequential Stress Coping)
Love reading behavior in adolescents should receive the promotion as many scholars agreed that there are many good points to them such as students who love reading would be able to adjust themselves to the changes in the society properly, this behavior can help him control and endure their nervous. They, moreover, can manage their stress wisely. The purposes of this research were 1) to study the relationship between the social situation and psychological characteristics of various kinds of students to the reading behavior 2) to identify antecedents and predictive power of psychological states on students. Sample of this study were 531 studying students at 9th grade in junior high school and two kinds of junior high school which were two reading habit promotion schools and two non reading habit promotion schools. In this study, there were two factors of reading behavior, one was amount of reading positive content, and another was interesting positive content. Interactionism Model was used as a conceptual framework and literature review. Six research hypothesizes were tested by two types of statistics that were consisted of Two – Way and Three – Way Analysis of Variance and Multiple Regression Analysis in terms of Standard and Stepwise. There were 3 important findings as follows: First, 1) Students, with high amount of reading positive content, were found in students in the reading habit promotion school or with high support in reading from teachers in the whole group. 2) Students, who were high interested in the positive content, were students with high support in reading from parents and in high need for achievement, and with high future orientation – self control had highest interesting positive content. Second, after using all 11 independent variables which were divided into 6 variables of situational condition, 3 variables of psychological traits, and 2 variables of psychological state, the independent variables could predict the reading behavior. Amount of the intention in reading in the positive content from 55.40% to 64.20% in subgroups. All these groups could be respectively classified from the highest to the lowest as the following: attitudes toward reading behavior, need for achievement, peer model, and future orientation – self control. Third, when taking 2 factors— amount of time in reading positive content and intention in reading in the positive content—the study could predict the stress management from 9.40 to 19.40 in various kinds of students. Key words: reading behavior, reading interest āļāļāļāļąāļāļĒāđāļ āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāđāļāđāļāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļĩāđāļāļ§āļĢāđāļāđāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļāļąāļāļŠāļāļļāļāļŠāđāļāđāļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāđāļāđāđāļĒāļēāļ§āļāļāđāļŦāđāđāļāđāļāļāļīāļŠāļąāļĒ āļāļąāļāļ§āļīāļāļēāļāļēāļĢāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļāđāļēāļāļāļĨāđāļēāļ§āļāļķāļāļāļĨāļāļĩāļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāđāļĒāļēāļ§āļāļāļĄāļĩāļāļīāļŠāļąāļĒāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāđāļ§āđāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĢ āđāļāđāļ āļāļđāđāļāļĩāđāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāļāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļąāļ§āđāļŦāđāđāļāđāļēāļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāļĨāļĩāđāļĒāļāđāļāļĨāļāļāļēāļāļŠāļąāļāļāļĄāđāļāđāļāļĒāđāļēāļāđāļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļĄ āļāđāļ§āļĒāđāļŦāđāđāļĒāļēāļ§āļāļāļĢāļđāđāļāļąāļāļĢāļ°āļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļĄāļāđ āļĄāļĩāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļāļāļ āļĢāļđāđāļāļąāļāļāļĩāđāļāļ°āļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļāļāļāļāđāļāļāđāļāđ āļāļļāļāļĄāļļāđāļāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļāļāļāļāļēāļāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļąāļāļāļĩāđ 1) āđāļāļ·āđāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ§āđāļēāļāļāļīāļŠāļąāļĄāļāļąāļāļāđāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđāļēāļāļŠāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļēāļāļŠāļąāļāļāļĄāļāļąāļāļāļīāļāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļāļ°āļāļāļāļāļąāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĄāļĩāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļ§āļāđāļāļāļāļąāļāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāļĄāļēāļāļāđāļāļĒāđāļāļĩāļĒāļāđāļ 2) āđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļŠāļ§āļāļŦāļēāļāļąāļ§āđāļāļĢāđāļāļīāļāđāļŦāļāļļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļēāļāļąāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļāļēāļĒāļāļąāļ§āđāļāļĢāļāļīāļāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļāļ°āļāļēāļĄāļŠāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāļāļāļāļāļąāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļ āđāļāļāļąāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļ āļāļāđāļēāļāđ 3) āđāļāļ·āđāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ§āđāļēāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļāļēāļāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāđāļāđāļĄāļēāļāļāđāļāļĒāđāļāļĩāļĒāļāđāļ āļāļĨāļļāđāļĄāļāļąāļ§āļāļĒāđāļēāļāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļĢāļąāđāļāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļāļāļąāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļāļąāļāļĄāļąāļāļĒāļĄāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļąāđāļāļāļĩāļāļĩāđ 3 āļāļĩāđāļāļēāļĨāļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļĒāļđāđāđāļāđāļĢāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļ 2 āļāļĢāļ°āđāļ āļāļāļ·āļ āđāļĢāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāđāļāđāļāļāļŠāđāļāđāļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļīāļŠāļąāļĒāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāļāļēāļāļ§āļ 2 āđāļĢāļ āđāļĢāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļĩāđāđāļĄāđāđāļāđāđāļĢāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāđāļāđāļāļāļŠāđāļāđāļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļīāļŠāļąāļĒāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāļāļĩāļ 2 āđāļĢāļ āļĢāļ§āļĄāđāļāđāļāļāļĨāļļāđāļĄāļāļąāļ§āļāļĒāđāļēāļāļāļēāļāļ§āļ 531 āļāļ āđāļāļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļĢāļąāđāļāļāļĩāđ āļāļēāļŦāļāļāļāļąāļ§āđāļāļĢāđāļāļīāļāđāļŦāļāļļāļāļāļāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļ 2 āļāđāļēāļ (āļāļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļāđāļ§āļĨāļēāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļŦāļēāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĒāļāļāđāđāļĨāļ°āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļāđāļāđāļĨāļ·āļāļāļāđāļēāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļŦāļēāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĒāļāļāđ) āđāļāļĒāđāļāđāļĢāļđāļāđāļāļāļāļĪāļĐāļāļĩāļāļāļīāļŠāļąāļĄāļāļąāļāļāđāļāļīāļĒāļĄ (Interactionism Model) āđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāđāļāļāļŠāļēāļĢāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļēāļŦāļāļāļāļąāļ§āđāļāļĢāđāļāļīāļāđāļŦāļāļļāļāļāļāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļ āļŠāļĄāļĄāļāļīāļāļēāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩ 6 āļāđāļ āļŠāļāļīāļāļīāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļŠāļāļāļŠāļĄāļĄāļāļīāļāļēāļāļĄāļĩ 2 āļāļĢāļ°āđāļ āļ āđāļāđāđāļāđ 1) āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāđāļāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāļĢāļāļĢāļ§āļāđāļāļāļŠāļāļāļāļēāļāđāļĨāļ°āđāļāļāļŠāļēāļĄāļāļēāļ (Two - Way and Three - Way Analysis of Variance) 2) āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāđāļāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđāļāļāļāļāļĒāļāļŦāļļāļāļđāļāđāļāļāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļāļēāļāđāļĨāļ°āđāļāļāđāļāđāļāļāļąāđāļ (Standard and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis) āļāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļĩāđāļŠāļēāļāļąāļ āļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāļŦāļāļķāđāļ 1) āļāļąāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļāļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļāđāļ§āļĨāļēāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļŦāļēāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĒāļāļāđāļāđāļēāļāļĢāļ§āļĄāļĄāļēāļ āđāļāđāđāļāđ āļāļąāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļĩāđāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāđāļāđāļĢāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāđāļāđāļāļāļŠāđāļāđāļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļīāļŠāļąāļĒāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļĢāļąāļāļĢāļđāđāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļāļąāļāļŠāļāļļāļāļāđāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāļāļēāļāļāļĢāļđāļĄāļēāļ āļāļāđāļāļāļĨāļļāđāļĄāļāļąāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāđāļāļĒāļĢāļ§āļĄ 2) āļāļąāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļāđāļāđāļĨāļ·āļāļāļāđāļēāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļŦāļēāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĒāļāļāđāļĄāļēāļ āđāļāđāđāļāđ āļāļąāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļĩāđāļĢāļąāļāļĢāļđāđāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļāļąāļāļŠāļāļļāļāļāđāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāļāļēāļāļāļīāļāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļēāļĄāļēāļ āļĄāļĩāđāļĢāļāļāļđāļāđāļāđāļāđāļŠāļąāļĄāļĪāļāļāļīāđāļŠāļđāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļāļ°āļĄāļļāđāļāļāļāļēāļāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļ§āļāļāļļāļĄāļāļāļŠāļđāļ āđāļāđāļāļāļđāđāļĄāļĩāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļāđāļāđāļĨāļ·āļāļāļāđāļēāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļŦāļēāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĒāļāļāđāļĄāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļļāļ āļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāļŠāļāļ āđāļĄāļ·āđāļāđāļāđāļāļąāļ§āđāļāļĢāļāļĨāļļāđāļĄāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļāļ°āļŠāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđ 6 āļāļąāļ§āđāļāļĢ āļāļīāļāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļāļ°āđāļāļīāļĄ 3 āļāļąāļ§āđāļāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļīāļāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļāļ°āļāļēāļĄāļŠāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđ 2 āļāļąāļ§āđāļāļĢ āļĢāđāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ 11 āļāļąāļ§āđāļāļĢ āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļāļēāļāļēāļĒāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļāđāļāđāļĨāļ·āļāļāļāđāļēāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļŦāļēāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĒāļāļāđ āđāļāđāļĢāđāļāļĒāļĨāļ° 55.40 āļāļķāļ āļĢāđāļāļĒāļĨāļ° 64.20 āđāļāļāļĨāļļāđāļĄāļāļąāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļ āļāļāđāļēāļāđ āļāļĩāđāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļĄāļĩāļāļąāļ§āļāļēāļāļēāļĒāļŠāļēāļāļąāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĨāļēāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļĄāļēāļāđāļāļāđāļāļĒ āđāļāđāđāļāđ āđāļāļāļāļāļīāļāļĩāđāļāļĩāļāđāļāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļ āđāļĢāļāļāļđāļāđāļāđāļāđāļŠāļąāļĄāļĪāļāļāļīāđ āļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāđāļāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāļāļēāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļ āļĨāļąāļāļĐāļāļ°āļĄāļļāđāļāļāļāļēāļāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļ§āļāļāļļāļĄāļāļ āļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāļŠāļēāļĄ āđāļĄāļ·āđāļāļāļēāļāļąāļ§āđāļāļĢāļāļĨāļļāđāļĄāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļ2 āļāđāļēāļ (āļāļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļāđāļ§āļĨāļēāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļŦāļēāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĒāļāļāđāđāļĨāļ°āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļāđāļāđāļĨāļ·āļāļāļāđāļēāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļŦāļēāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĒāļāļāđ) āļĢāđāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļāļēāļāļēāļĒ āļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāļĢāļĩāļĒāļ āđāļāđāļĢāđāļāļĒāļĨāļ° 9.40 āļāļķāļ āļĢāđāļāļĒāļĨāļ° 19.40 āđāļāļāļąāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļ āļāļāđāļēāļāđ āļāļģāļŠāļģāļāļąāļ: āļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļ, āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļāđāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļ 
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