Lipid anti-lipid antibody responses correlate with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by broad clinical manifestations including cardiovascular and renal complications with periodic disease flares and significant morbidity and mortality. One of the main contributing factors to the pathology of SLE is the accumulation and impaired clearance of immune complexes of which the principle components are host auto-antigens and antibodies. The contribution of host lipids to the formation of these autoimmune complexes remains poorly defined. The aim of the present study was to identify and analyze candidate lipid autoantigens and their corresponding anti-lipid antibody responses in a well-defined SLE patient cohort using a combination of immunological and biophysical techniques. Disease monitoring in the SLE cohort was undertaken with serial British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) scoring. Correlations between specific lipid/anti-lipid responses were investigated as disease activity developed from active flares to quiescent during a follow up period. We report a significant negative correlation between anti-lipid antibodies for 24S-hydroxycholesterol, cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine with SLE disease activity. Taken together, these data suggest that lipid autoantigens represent a new family of biomarkers that can be employed to monitor disease activity plus the efficacy of therapeutic intervention in SLE

Children’s and adolescents’ rising animal-source food intakes in 1990–2018 were impacted by age, region, parental education and urbanicity

Animal-source foods (ASF) provide nutrition for children and adolescents’ physical and cognitive development. Here, we use data from the Global Dietary Database and Bayesian hierarchical models to quantify global, regional and national ASF intakes between 1990 and 2018 by age group across 185 countries, representing 93% of the world’s child population. Mean ASF intake was 1.9 servings per day, representing 16% of children consuming at least three daily servings. Intake was similar between boys and girls, but higher among urban children with educated parents. Consumption varied by age from 0.6 at <1 year to 2.5 servings per day at 15–19 years. Between 1990 and 2018, mean ASF intake increased by 0.5 servings per week, with increases in all regions except sub-Saharan Africa. In 2018, total ASF consumption was highest in Russia, Brazil, Mexico and Turkey, and lowest in Uganda, India, Kenya and Bangladesh. These findings can inform policy to address malnutrition through targeted ASF consumption programmes.publishedVersio

Incident type 2 diabetes attributable to suboptimal diet in 184 countries

The global burden of diet-attributable type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. This risk assessment model estimated T2D incidence among adults attributable to direct and body weight-mediated effects of 11 dietary factors in 184 countries in 1990 and 2018. In 2018, suboptimal intake of these dietary factors was estimated to be attributable to 14.1 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 13.8–14.4 million) incident T2D cases, representing 70.3% (68.8–71.8%) of new cases globally. Largest T2D burdens were attributable to insufficient whole-grain intake (26.1% (25.0–27.1%)), excess refined rice and wheat intake (24.6% (22.3–27.2%)) and excess processed meat intake (20.3% (18.3–23.5%)). Across regions, highest proportional burdens were in central and eastern Europe and central Asia (85.6% (83.4–87.7%)) and Latin America and the Caribbean (81.8% (80.1–83.4%)); and lowest proportional burdens were in South Asia (55.4% (52.1–60.7%)). Proportions of diet-attributable T2D were generally larger in men than in women and were inversely correlated with age. Diet-attributable T2D was generally larger among urban versus rural residents and higher versus lower educated individuals, except in high-income countries, central and eastern Europe and central Asia, where burdens were larger in rural residents and in lower educated individuals. Compared with 1990, global diet-attributable T2D increased by 2.6 absolute percentage points (8.6 million more cases) in 2018, with variation in these trends by world region and dietary factor. These findings inform nutritional priorities and clinical and public health planning to improve dietary quality and reduce T2D globally.publishedVersio

Lipid anti-lipid antibody responses correlate with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by broad clinical manifestations including cardiovascular and renal complications with periodic disease flares and significant morbidity and mortality. One of the main contributing factors to the pathology of SLE is the accumulation and impaired clearance of immune complexes of which the principle components are host auto-antigens and antibodies. The contribution of host lipids to the formation of these autoimmune complexes remains poorly defined. The aim of the present study was to identify and analyze candidate lipid autoantigens and their corresponding anti-lipid antibody responses in a well-defined SLE patient cohort using a combination of immunological and biophysical techniques. Disease monitoring in the SLE cohort was undertaken with serial British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) scoring. Correlations between specific lipid/anti-lipid responses were investigated as disease activity developed from active flares to quiescent during a follow up period. We report a significant negative correlation between anti-lipid antibodies for 24S-hydroxycholesterol, cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine with SLE disease activity. Taken together, these data suggest that lipid autoantigens represent a new family of biomarkers that can be employed to monitor disease activity plus the efficacy of therapeutic intervention in SLE

Levels of unsaturated fatty acids and anti-unsaturated fatty acids IgG in SLE patients’ plasma.

<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0055639#pone-0055639-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3ai and 3ai</a>i. Phosphatidylserine levels and anti-phosphatidylserine IgG levels in plasma. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0055639#pone-0055639-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3bi and 3bii</a>. Isoprostane (15-F_2t-IsoP +5-F_2t-IsoP) levels normalized against AA values and anti-15-F_2t-IsoP IgG levels in plasma. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0055639#pone-0055639-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3ci</a>. Isoprostane (8-F_2t-IsoP) levels normalized against AA values. p<0.05 value was considered as significant in Wilcoxon test.</p

Levels of oxysterol and anti-oxysterol IgG in SLE patients’ plasma.

<p>Analysis by GC<i>-</i>MS and ELISA show higher levels of oxidized cholesterols or anti-cholesterol IgGs in patients during flare versus follow-up period. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0055639#pone-0055639-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2ai and 2 aii</a>. 7-α-hydroxycholesterol levels and anti-7-α-hydroxycholesterol IgG levels in plasma. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0055639#pone-0055639-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2bi and 2bii</a>. 7-β-hydroxycholesterol levels and anti-7-β-hydroxycholesterol IgG levels in plasma. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0055639#pone-0055639-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2ci and 2cii</a>. 7-ketocholesterol levels and anti-7-ketocholesterol IgG levels in plasma. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0055639#pone-0055639-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2di and 2dii</a>. 24S-hydroxycholesterol levels and anti-24S-hydroxycholesterol IgG levels in plasma. p<0.05 value was considered as significant in Wilcoxon test.</p

A summary of reported lipids and anti-lipid antibodies involved in autoimmune, degenerative and age-related diseases.

<p>A summary of reported lipids and anti-lipid antibodies involved in autoimmune, degenerative and age-related diseases.</p

Biomarker candidates that correlate with BILAG scores.

<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0055639#pone-0055639-g005" target="_blank">Figure 5ai, 5bi, 5ci</a>. Anti-24S hydroxycholesterol IgG, anti-cardiolipin IgG and anti-phosphatidylserine IgG levels negatively correlate with BILAG scores. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0055639#pone-0055639-g005" target="_blank">Figure 5bii</a>. Anti-7-α-hydroxycholesterol IgG levels also show trend of negative correlation with BILAG scores. p<0.05 value was considered as significant in Spearman correlation and Linear regression tests.</p