9 research outputs found
Half-Monopole in the Weinberg-Salam Model
We present new axially symmetric half-monopole configuration of the
SU(2)U(1) Weinberg-Salam model of electromagnetic and weak
interactions. The half-monopole configuration possesses net magnetic charge
which is half the magnetic charge of a Cho-Maison monopole. The
electromagnetic gauge potential is singular along the negative -axis.
However the total energy is finite and increases only logarithmically with
increasing Higgs field self-coupling constant at
. In the U(1) magnetic field, the half-monopole is just
a one dimensional finite length line magnetic charge extending from the origin
and lying along the negative -axis. In the SU(2) 't Hooft magnetic
field, it is a point magnetic charge located at . The half-monopole
possesses magnetic dipole moment that decreases exponentially fast with
increasing Higgs field self-coupling constant at
.Comment: 14 pages, 3 Figure
MAP, MAC, and Vortex-rings Configurations in the Weinberg-Salam Model
We report on the presence of new axially symmetric monopoles, antimonopoles
and vortex-rings solutions of the SU(2)U(1) Weinberg-Salam model of
electromagnetic and weak interactions. When the -winding number ,
and 2, the configurations are monopole-antimonopole pair (MAP) and
monopole-antimonopole chain (MAC) with poles of alternating sign magnetic
charge arranged along the -axis. Vortex-rings start to appear from the MAP
and MAC configurations when the winding number . The MAP configurations
possess zero net magnetic charge whereas the MAC configurations possess net
magnetic charge of .
In the MAP configurations, the monopole-antimonopole pair is bounded by the
field flux string and there is an electromagnetic current loop
encircling it. The monopole and antimonopole possess magnetic charges
respectively. In the MAC configurations
there is no string connecting the monopole and the adjacent antimonopole and
they possess magnetic charges respectively. The MAC
configurations possess infinite total energy and zero magnetic dipole moment
whereas the MAP configurations which are actually sphalerons possess finite
total energy and magnetic dipole moment. The configurations were investigated
for varying values of Higgs self-coupling constant at
Weinberg angle .Comment: 31 pages, 10 figures, 2 table
Electrically Charged One and a Half Monopole Solution
Recently, we have discussed the coexistence of a finite energy one-half
monopole and a 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole of opposite magnetic charges. In this
paper, we would like to introduce electric charge into this new monopoles
configuration, thus creating a one and a half dyon. This new dyon possesses
finite energy, magnetic dipole moment and angular momentum and is able to
precess in the presence of an external magnetic field. Similar to the other
dyon solutions, when the Higgs self-coupling constant, , is
nonvanishing, this new dyon solution possesses critical electric charge, total
energy, magnetic dipole moment, and dipole separation as the electric charge
parameter, , approaches one. The electric charge and total energy
increase with to maximum critical values as for all
nonvanishing . However, the magnetic dipole moment decreases with
when and the dipole separation decreases with
when to minimum critical values as .Comment: 24 pages, 7 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1208.4893, arXiv:1112.149
Particles of One-Half Topological Charge
We would like to show the existence of finite energy SU(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs
particles of one-half topological charge. The magnetic fields of these
solutions at spatial infinity correspond to the magnetic field of a positive
one-half magnetic monopole located at the origin and a semi-infinite Dirac
string which carries a magnetic flux of going into the center
of the sphere at infinity. Hence the net magnetic charge of the configuration
is zero. The solutions possess gauge potentials that are singular along
one-half of the z-axis, elsewhere they are regular. There are two distinct
configurations of these particles with different total energies and magnetic
dipole moments. Their total energies are found to increase with the strength of
the Higgs field self-coupling constant .Comment: 27 pages, 9 figure
Rotating One-Half Topological Charge Dyon
Recently, we have shown the existence of a finite energy one-half monopole.
In this paper, we would like to introduce electric charge into the one-half
monopole configuration, thus creating a one-half dyon. This one-half dyon
possesses finite energy, magnetic dipole moment and angular momentum. Hence it
is able to rotate in the presence of an external magnetic field. Similar to the
single pole dyons and the MAP dyons, this one-half dyon possesses critical
(maximum) electric charge, total energy, and magnetic dipole moment when the
Higgs self-coupling constant is nonvanishing, and the electric charge parameter
approaches one. This one-half dyon solution does not satisfy the first order
Bogomol'nyi equations and is a non-BPS solution in the limit of vanishing Higgs
self-coupling constant.Comment: This paper has been withdrawn by the author due to the "arXiv admin
note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1112.1492
Analysis of clinically relevant variants from ancestrally diverse Asian genomes
Asian populations are under-represented in human genomics research. Here, we characterize clinically significant genetic variation in 9051 genomes representing East Asian, South Asian, and severely under-represented Austronesian-speaking Southeast Asian ancestries. We observe disparate genetic risk burden attributable to ancestry-specific recurrent variants and identify individuals with variants specific to ancestries discordant to their self-reported ethnicity, mostly due to cryptic admixture. About 27% of severe recessive disorder genes with appreciable carrier frequencies in Asians are missed by carrier screening panels, and we estimate 0.5% Asian couples at-risk of having an affected child. Prevalence of medically-actionable variant carriers is 3.4% and a further 1.6% harbour variants with potential for pathogenic classification upon additional clinical/experimental evidence. We profile 23 pharmacogenes with high-confidence gene-drug associations and find 22.4% of Asians at-risk of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Tier 1 genetic conditions concurrently harbour pharmacogenetic variants with actionable phenotypes, highlighting the benefits of pre-emptive pharmacogenomics. Our findings illuminate the diversity in genetic disease epidemiology and opportunities for precision medicine for a large, diverse Asian population.</p
Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Background The effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease who are at risk for disease progression are not well understood. The EMPA-KIDNEY trial was designed to assess the effects of treatment with empagliflozin in a broad range of such patients. Methods We enrolled patients with chronic kidney disease who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 20 but less than 45 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area, or who had an eGFR of at least 45 but less than 90 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (with albumin measured in milligrams and creatinine measured in grams) of at least 200. Patients were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or matching placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of progression of kidney disease (defined as end-stage kidney disease, a sustained decrease in eGFR to < 10 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2), a sustained decrease in eGFR of & GE;40% from baseline, or death from renal causes) or death from cardiovascular causes. Results A total of 6609 patients underwent randomization. During a median of 2.0 years of follow-up, progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes occurred in 432 of 3304 patients (13.1%) in the empagliflozin group and in 558 of 3305 patients (16.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.82; P < 0.001). Results were consistent among patients with or without diabetes and across subgroups defined according to eGFR ranges. The rate of hospitalization from any cause was lower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.95; P=0.003), but there were no significant between-group differences with respect to the composite outcome of hospitalization for heart failure or death from cardiovascular causes (which occurred in 4.0% in the empagliflozin group and 4.6% in the placebo group) or death from any cause (in 4.5% and 5.1%, respectively). The rates of serious adverse events were similar in the two groups. Conclusions Among a wide range of patients with chronic kidney disease who were at risk for disease progression, empagliflozin therapy led to a lower risk of progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes than placebo