131 research outputs found

    “Re-Culturing” Teacher Education: Inquiry, Evidence, and Action

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    Currently the press to make policy and practice decisions on the basis of evidence is being coupled with recognition that real change requires shifts in organizational culture. Consequently, there are now many efforts to “re-culture” organizations by making evidence central to decision making. In this article, the authors problematize the notion of a “culture of evidence” in teacher education. Then the article identifies four key aspects involved in efforts to create a culture of evidence at one institution over a five-year period: (1) development of a portfolio of studies about processes and outcomes; (2) recognition that teacher education always poses values questions as well as empirical questions; (3) an exploratory, open-ended approach to evidence construction; and, (4) multiple structures that institutionalize evidence collection and use locally and beyond. The authors suggests that building cultures of evidence has the potential to be transformative in teacher education, but only if challenges related to sustainability, complexity, and balance are addressed

    Post-Newtonian SPH calculations of binary neutron star coalescence. I. Method and first results

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    We present the first results from our Post-Newtonian (PN) Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) code, which has been used to study the coalescence of binary neutron star (NS) systems. The Lagrangian particle-based code incorporates consistently all lowest-order (1PN) relativistic effects, as well as gravitational radiation reaction, the lowest-order dissipative term in general relativity. We test our code on sequences of single NS models of varying compactness, and we discuss ways to make PN simulations more relevant to realistic NS models. We also present a PN SPH relaxation procedure for constructing equilibrium models of synchronized binaries, and we use these equilibrium models as initial conditions for our dynamical calculations of binary coalescence. Though unphysical, since tidal synchronization is not expected in NS binaries, these initial conditions allow us to compare our PN work with previous Newtonian results. We compare calculations with and without 1PN effects, for NS with stiff equations of state, modeled as polytropes with Γ=3\Gamma=3. We find that 1PN effects can play a major role in the coalescence, accelerating the final inspiral and causing a significant misalignment in the binary just prior to final merging. In addition, the character of the gravitational wave signal is altered dramatically, showing strong modulation of the exponentially decaying waveform near the end of the merger. We also discuss briefly the implications of our results for models of gamma-ray bursts at cosmological distances.Comment: RevTeX, 37 pages, 17 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. D, minor corrections onl

    A New Framework for Music Education Knowledge and Skill

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    This study investigates perceptions of secondary school band and orchestra teachers regarding the relative importance of knowledge and skill categories to professional success, using a framework modeled after Schulman (1986, 1987). Band and orchestra teachers in secondary schools (N = 214) complete an anonymous, online survey ranking the relative importance of various knowledge and skill categories. Participants rank pedagogical content knowledge, content knowledge, and general pedagogical knowledge highest. There are no significant differences in the rankings of the categories among various subgroups at the p < .05 level. Results confirm the applicability of Schulman's model to music education. This framework has implications for undergraduate, graduate, and continuing professional education. Analysis of categories' interaction provides insight into effective classroom instruction.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

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    Not AvailableRice–prawn farming in Asian countries is a sustainable practice using less fertilizers. Organic farming of rice and giant river prawns in rotational crops was tested in the waterlogged paddy fields of Kuttanad, Kerala as part of the Indian Organic Aquaculture Project. Rice was cultivated during November to February, followed by a crop of freshwater prawns in the same field from March to September. Here, we study the production of four certified farms growing organic rice and organic prawns compared with four conventional farms growing rice and prawns in rotational crops. We evaluate the economic viability by cost-return and partial budgeting analysis. Our results show that farming rice organically reduced yields by 23 %, from 5,690 kg/ha in conventional farming compared to 4,376 kg/ha in organic farming. However, the organic prawn crop yield of 396 kg/ha was 10 % higher than the yield of the conventional system, of 360 kg/ha, although the differences were not significant. Furthermore, total investment for organic rice was approximately 20 % greater than for the non-organic rice crop. Total investment for organic prawns was 17 % greater than for the non-organic prawn crop. Net revenue was 11 % lower for organic rice than for conventional rice. Organic prawns realized 117 % higher net revenue than conventional prawns. Although organic rice farming realized lower returns than conventional, its combination with organic prawn farming enhanced net revenue by 20 % over conventional rice/conventional prawn production.Not Availabl
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