Development of Students Social and Value Orientations Towards Training State and Municipal Management

The purpose of this study is to analyze scientific research in the field of training civil servants, as well as to conduct a study on the development of socially significant values of students studying in the direction “State and Municipal Management”. The technology for the development of social and professional value orientations in students (by Rezer T. M., Khokholush M. S.) and the method by M. Rokeach are used to determine the students’ social and value orientations development level and subjects of their personal needs that determine the life guidelines of the future civil servant. The main research results have shown that in recent years various subject areas for the training of public servants, such as the challenges and quality of education; pedagogical conditions and behaviors; professional potential development, traditions and innovations in professional activity have been actively studied. The study has shown that the ranks from 1 to 5 are occupied by the terminal values: “Health”, “Happy family life”, “Love”, “Financially secure life”, “Interesting work”. In the group of the instrumental values, at the ranks from 1 to 5 there were the values: “Good manners”, “Responsibility”, “Honesty”, “High demands”, “Intransigence to shortcomings in oneself and others”. Keywords: students’ social and value orientations, development, state and municipal management, state and municipal employees’ trainin

Thermal noise of whispering gallery resonators

By direct application of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, we numerically calculate the fundamental dimensional fluctuations of crystalline CaF2 whispering gallery resonators in the case of structural damping, and the limit that this noise imposes on the frequency stability of such resonators at both room and cryogenic temperatures. We analyze elasto-optic noise - the effect of Brownian dimensional fluctuation on frequency via the strain-dependence of the refractive index - a noise term that has so far not been considered for whispering-gallery resonators. We find that dimensional fluctuation sets a lower limit of 1E-16 to the Allan deviation for a 10-millimeter-radius sphere at 5 K, predominantly via induced fluctuation of the refractive index.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

A silicon single-crystal cryogenic optical resonator

We report on the demonstration and characterization of a silicon optical resonator for laser frequency stabilization, operating in the deep cryogenic regime at temperatures as low as 1.5 K. Robust operation was achieved, with absolute frequency drift less than 20 Hz over 1 hour. This stability allowed sensitive measurements of the resonator thermal expansion coefficient ($\alpha$). We found $\alpha=4.6\times10^{-13}$ ${\rm K^{-1}}$ at 1.6 K. At 16.8 K $\alpha$ vanishes, with a derivative equal to $-6\times10^{-10}$ ${\rm K}^{-2}$. The temperature of the resonator was stabilized to a level below 10 $\mu$K for averaging times longer than 20 s. The sensitivity of the resonator frequency to a variation of the laser power was also studied. The corresponding sensitivities and the expected Brownian noise indicate that this system should enable frequency stabilization of lasers at the low-$10^{-17}$ level.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Demonstration of a Transportable 1 Hz-Linewidth Laser

We present the setup and test of a transportable clock laser at 698 nm for a strontium lattice clock. A master-slave diode laser system is stabilized to a rigidly mounted optical reference cavity. The setup was transported by truck over 400 km from Braunschweig to D\"usseldorf, where the cavity-stabilized laser was compared to a stationary clock laser for the interrogation of ytterbium (578 nm). Only minor realignments were necessary after the transport. The lasers were compared by a Ti:Sapphire frequency comb used as a transfer oscillator. The thus generated virtual beat showed a combined linewidth below 1 Hz (at 1156 nm). The transport back to Braunschweig did not degrade the laser performance, as was shown by interrogating the strontium clock transition.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figure

Spectrally narrow, long-term stable optical frequency reference based on a Eu3+^{3+}:Y2_{2}SiO5_{5} crystal at cryogenic temperature

Using an ultrastable continuous-wave laser at 580 nm we performed spectral hole burning of Eu$^{3+}$:Y$_{2}$SiO$_{5}$ at very high spectral resolution. Essential parameters determining the usefulness as a "macroscopic" frequency reference: linewidth, temperature sensitivity, long-term stability were characterized, using a H-maser stabilized frequency comb. Spectral holes with linewidth as low as 6 kHz were observed and the upper limit of the drift of the hole frequency was determined to be on the order of 5$\pm$3 mHz/s. We discuss necessary requirements for achieving ultra-high-stability in laser frequency stabilization to these spectral holes.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure