Long-term planning and its role as a tool of fiscal security of the economy

Актуальность исследования определяется тем, что обеспечение бюджетно-финансовой безопасности в России связано с проведением исполнительными органами государственной власти бюджетно-финансового планирования, основанного на принципах законности, плановости и открытости, прописанных в Бюджетном кодексе РФ. Все это рождает острую необходимость принятия базового документа (Долгосрочной бюджетной стратегии). Цель работы: провести анализ бюджетно-финансового планирования в его историческом, межстрановом и правовом аспектах, дать характеристику современного состояния бюджетно-финансового планирования в России. Методы исследования: моделирование, обобщение зарубежного опыта использования долгосрочного планирования, сопоставление и контент-анализ, который позволил выявить принципы долгосрочного планирования в бюджетной сфере, а также острую необходимость принятия Долгосрочной бюджетной стратегии на современном этапе в России. Результаты. Проведенное исследование отражает генезис бюджетного планирования в России в 1917-2017 гг. Анализ применения такого планирования в развитых странах (США, Германия, Великобритания, Франция и др.) определил основные принципы, которые могут быть заложены в основу Долгосрочной бюджетной стратегии в России на федеральном и региональном уровнях. Как основной базовый документ бюджетно-финансового планирования текущего периода утвержденная Долгосрочная бюджетная стратегия позволит предопределить результаты долгосрочного развития и обеспечить достаточный уровень экономической безопасности бюджетно- финансовой сферы.The relevance of this research is determined by the fact that ensuring fiscal security in Russia is connected with the Executive bodies of state power, budget and financial planning based on the principles of legality, planning and openness spelled out in the Budget code of the Russian Federation. All this creates an urgent need of adoption of the core document (Long-term budget strategy). The aim of the work is to analyze the budget and financial planning in its historical, interstate and legal aspects, State of fiscal planning in Russia. Research methods: modeling, generalization of foreign experience in using long-term planning. Comparison and content analysis, which allowed revealing the principles of long-term planning in the budgetary sphere and urgent need to adopt a Long-term budget strategy at the present stage in Russia. Results. The study reflects the Genesis of budget planning in Russia in 1917-2017. Analysis of application of such planning in developed countries (USA, Germany, UK, France, etc.) helped identify basic principles that can be the base of Long-term budget strategy in Russia at Federal and regional levels. The approved Long-term budget strategy, as the base document for budget and financial planning of the current period, will enable to predetermine the outcome of long-term development and to ensure a sufficient level of economic security fiscal sphere

Fatal Neurotoxicosis in Dogs Associated with Tychoplanktic, Anatoxin-a Producing Tychonema sp. in Mesotrophic Lake Tegel, Berlin

In May 2017, at least 12 dogs showed signs of acute neurotoxicosis after swimming in or drinking from Lake Tegel, a mesotrophic lake in Berlin, Germany, and several of the affected dogs died shortly afterwards despite intensive veterinary treatment. Cyanobacterial blooms were not visible at the water surface or the shorelines. However, detached and floating water moss (Fontinalis antipyretica) with high amounts of Tychonema sp., a potential anatoxin-a (ATX) producing cyanobacterium, was found near the beaches where the dogs had been swimming and playing. Necropsies of two of the dogs revealed no specific lesions beside the anamnestic neurotoxicosis. ATX was detected in concentrations up to 8700 µg L−1 in the stomach contents, while other (neuro)toxic substances were not found. In the aqueous fraction of Fontinalis/Tychonema clumps sampled after the casualties, ATX was found in concentrations up to 1870 µg L−1. This is the first report of a dense population of Tychonema sp. in stands of Fontinalis resulting in high ATX contents. This case emphasizes the need for further investigation of potentially toxic, non-bloom forming cyanobacteria in less eutrophic water bodies and underlines the novel challenge of developing appropriate surveillance schemes for respective bathing sites

Acute side effects after consumption of the new synthetic cannabinoids AB-CHMINACA and MDMB-CHMICA

<p><b>Introduction:</b> In 2014, the “European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction” (EMCDDA) reported on 30 novel synthetic cannabinoids (SCs). Among these were indole- and indazole-based valine derivatives with a cyclohexylmethyl side chain (e.g., AB-CHMINACA and MDMB-CHMICA), which represent a new class of SCs.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> A prospective observational study of patients treated in emergency departments (EDs) after the intake of SCs was conducted. Clinical and laboratory data were combined and reported to a poison control centre. Serum and/or urine samples of ED patients were analyzed using LC–MS/MS.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Forty four patients (39 male, five female, 12–48 years) were included. AB-CHMINACA (MDMB-CHMICA) was identified in 20 (19) serum samples, and in 21 (25) urine samples, respectively. In 19 of the cases, more than one SC was present. Other psychoactive substances (mainly amfetamines) were identified in seven cases, but in five out of these in urine samples only. Based on the Poison Severity Score, severity of poisoning was minor (4), moderate (31) or severe (9). Most frequently reported neuropsychiatric symptoms were CNS-depression (<i>n</i> = 21, 61%), disorientation (<i>n</i> = 20, 45%), generalized seizures (<i>n</i> = 12, 27%), combativeness (<i>n</i> = 8, 18%) and extreme agitation (<i>n</i> = 7, 16%). Duration of symptoms lasting 24 hours or longer occurred in 15 cases (34%).</p> <p><b>Discussion:</b> The prevalence of certain neuropsychiatric symptoms was higher in our study than in former reports after the intake of SCs of the aminoalkylindole-type (first generation) SCs. In addition, severe poisoning and duration of symptoms were also higher.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> In this study, the valine derivative AB-CHMINACA and the <i>tert</i>-leucine derivative MDMB-CHMICA (“third generation of SCs”) seem to be associated with more severe clinical toxicity than was previously reported in patients exposed to earlier generation SCs such as JWH-018. However, this observation needs to be confirmed with a larger cohort of patients with analytically confirmed abuse of third generation SCs. The rapid turnover of SCs on the drug market together with the occurrence of SCs such as AB-CHMINACA and MDMB-CHMICA is alarming, especially because of the unexpectedly high frequency of neuropsychiatric symptoms.</p