Relaxation Phenomena in a System of Two Harmonic Oscillators

We study the process by which quantum correlations are created when an interaction Hamiltonian is repeatedly applied to a system of two harmonic oscillators for some characteristic time interval. We show that, for the case where the oscillator frequencies are equal, the initial Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions of the uncoupled parts evolve to a new equilibrium Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution through a series of transient Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions. Further, we discuss why the equilibrium reached when the two oscillator frequencies are unequal, is not a thermal one. All the calculations are exact and the results are obtained through an iterative process, without using perturbation theory.Comment: 22 pages, 6 Figures, Added contents, to appear in PR

Formation of long-lived, scarlike modes near avoided resonance crossings in optical microcavities

We study the formation of long-lived states near avoided resonance crossings in open systems. For three different optical microcavities (rectangle, ellipse, and semi-stadium) we provide numerical evidence that these states are localized along periodic rays, resembling scarred states in closed systems. Our results shed light on the morphology of long-lived states in open mesoscopic systems.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures (in reduced quality), to appear in Phys. Rev. Let

Energy Loss from Reconnection with a Vortex Mesh

Experiments in superfluid 4He show that at low temperatures, energy dissipation from moving vortices is many orders of magnitude larger than expected from mutual friction. Here we investigate other mechanisms for energy loss by a computational study of a vortex that moves through and reconnects with a mesh of small vortices pinned to the container wall. We find that such reconnections enhance energy loss from the moving vortex by a factor of up to 100 beyond that with no mesh. The enhancement occurs through two different mechanisms, both involving the Kelvin oscillations generated along the vortex by the reconnections. At relatively high temperatures the Kelvin waves increase the vortex motion, leading to more energy loss through mutual friction. As the temperature decreases, the vortex oscillations generate additional reconnection events between the moving vortex and the wall, which decrease the energy of the moving vortex by transfering portions of its length to the pinned mesh on the wall.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure

Using Classical Probability To Guarantee Properties of Infinite Quantum Sequences

We consider the product of infinitely many copies of a spin-$1\over 2$ system. We construct projection operators on the corresponding nonseparable Hilbert space which measure whether the outcome of an infinite sequence of $\sigma^x$ measurements has any specified property. In many cases, product states are eigenstates of the projections, and therefore the result of measuring the property is determined. Thus we obtain a nonprobabilistic quantum analogue to the law of large numbers, the randomness property, and all other familiar almost-sure theorems of classical probability.Comment: 7 pages in LaTe

Inverting quantum decoherence by classical feedback from the environment

We show that for qubits and qutrits it is always possible to perfectly recover quantum coherence by performing a measurement only on the environment, whereas for dimension d>3 there are situations where recovery is impossible, even with complete access to the environment. For qubits, the minimal amount of classical information to be extracted from the environment equals the entropy exchange.Comment: Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 090501 (2005). Published versio

Solid-State Excitation Laser for Laser-Ultrasonics

The inspection speed of laser-ultrasonics compared with conventional ultrasonic testing is limited by the pulse repetition rate of the excitation laser. The maximum pulse repetition rate reported up to now for CO2-lasers, which are presently used for nearly all systems, is in the range of 400 Hz. In this paper a new approach based on a diode-pumped solid-state laser is discussed, which is currently being developed. This new excitation laser is designed for a repetition rate of 1 kHz and will operate at a mid-IR wavelength of 3.3 m. The higher repeti-tion rate enables a higher inspection speed, whereas the mid-IR wavelength anticipates a better coupling efficiency. The total power for pumping the laser crystals is transported via flexible optical fibres to the compact laser head, thus allowing operation on a robot arm. The laser head consists of a master oscillator feeding several lines of power amplifiers and in-cludes nonlinear optical wavelength conversion by an optical parametric process. It is char-acterized by a modular construction which provides optimal conditions for operation at high average power as well as for easy maintenance. These features will enable building reliable, long-lived, rugged, smart laser ultrasonic systems in futur

Dynamical creation of entanglement by homodyne-mediated feedback

For two two-level atoms coupled to a single-mode cavity field that is driven and heavily damped, the steady-state can be entangled by shining an un-modulated driving laser on the system [S.Schneider, G. J. Milburn Phys. Rev A 65, 042107, 2002]. We present a scheme to significantly increase the steady-state entanglement by using homodyne-mediated feedback, in which the driving laser is modulated by the homodyne photocurrent derived from the cavity output. Such feedback can increase the nonlinear response to both the decoherence process of the two-qubit system and the coherent evolution of individual qubits. We present the properties of the entangled states using the SO(3) Q function.Comment: 8 page

Generalization of Quantum Error Correction via the Heisenberg Picture

We show that the theory of operator quantum error correction can be naturally generalized by allowing constraints not only on states but also on observables. The resulting theory describes the correction of algebras of observables (and may therefore suitably be called ``operator algebra quantum error correction''). In particular, the approach provides a framework for the correction of hybrid quantum-classical information and it does not require the state to be entirely in one of the corresponding subspaces or subsystems. We discuss applications to quantum teleportation and to the study of information flows in quantum interactions.Comment: 5 pages, preprint versio

Design of a fault tolerant airborne digital computer. Volume 1: Architecture

This volume is concerned with the architecture of a fault tolerant digital computer for an advanced commercial aircraft. All of the computations of the aircraft, including those presently carried out by analogue techniques, are to be carried out in this digital computer. Among the important qualities of the computer are the following: (1) The capacity is to be matched to the aircraft environment. (2) The reliability is to be selectively matched to the criticality and deadline requirements of each of the computations. (3) The system is to be readily expandable. contractible, and (4) The design is to appropriate to post 1975 technology. Three candidate architectures are discussed and assessed in terms of the above qualities. Of the three candidates, a newly conceived architecture, Software Implemented Fault Tolerance (SIFT), provides the best match to the above qualities. In addition SIFT is particularly simple and believable. The other candidates, Bus Checker System (BUCS), also newly conceived in this project, and the Hopkins multiprocessor are potentially more efficient than SIFT in the use of redundancy, but otherwise are not as attractive