Wege aus der sozialistischen Landwirtschaft - zur intergenerationalen sozialen Mobilität ehemaliger Genossenschaftsbauern

"Die Landwirtschaft in den neuen Bundesländern ist eine Wirtschaftsbranche, die besonders stark vom transformationsbedingten Strukturwandel betroffen ist. Umwandlungen der landwirtschaftlichen Produktionsgenossenschaften in andere Rechtsformen oder gar ihre Liquidation haben zu gewaltigen Entlassungswellen und zu drastischen Verkleinerungen im Personalstamm der heute noch gemeinschaftlich produzierenden landwirtschaftlichen Unternehmen geführt. Die Umstrukturierung der Landwirtschaft hat jedoch nicht alle ehemaligen Mitarbeiter landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe gleichermaßen hart getroffen. Wer konnte in der Landwirtschaft verbleiben? Wer konnte erfolgreich den Arbeitsplatz und/ oder den Beruf wechseln? Für wen führte der Weg in die Arbeitslosigkeit, Umschulung oder Arbeitsbeschaffungsmaßnahme? In welcher Weise haben strukturelle und individuelle Merkmale berufliche (Verbleib im bzw. Ausscheiden aus dem Erwerbsleben, Arbeitsplatzwechsel, Berufswechsel) und damit verbunden soziale Mobilitätsprozesse (horizontale und vertikale Positionswechsel) beeinflußt? Gibt es charakteristische transformationsbedingte Mobilitätspfade, die die ehemaligen Genossenschaftsbauern durchlaufen haben? Wie werden die Veränderungen im Berufs- und Alltagsleben der Betroffenen selbst wahrgenommen und bewertet? Zur fallbezogenen empirischen Analyse wurden zwei gemeinschaftlich produzierende landwirtschaftliche Unternehmen aus Brandenburg herangezogen, die sich in der Nach-WendeZeit aus je einer LPG-Tierproduktion und einer LPG-Pflanzenproduktion zu einer Agrargenossenschaft zusammengeschlossen haben. In der Studie wurden die Erwerbsverläufe von rund siebenhundert ehemaligen Genossenschaftsbauern zwischen November 1989 und Juli 1996 retrospektiv erfaßt. Darüber hinaus wurden mit zehn Prozent der Untersuchungsgruppe offene Berufsverlaufsinterviews geführt." (Autorenreferat

Überwucherung: ländliche Räume zwischen Peripherisierung und Ästhetisierung

Die Autorin skizziert die Diskussion zur zukünftigen Nutzung ländlicher Räume und benennt Beispiele, welche darauf hinweisen, dass Landnutzungskonflikte zwischen Landwirtschaft, Umweltschutz und touristischer Nutzung zunehmen werden. Begleitet wird dies nicht nur von einer Vervielfältigung von Landnutzungsformen in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft zueinander, sondern auch von einem Wandel der Landschaftsbilder. Ferner ist durch das Anwachsen territorialer Ungleichheiten ein Prozess der Peripherisierung festzustellen, der für viele Bewohner entlegener ländlicher Räume bedeutet, dass ihre Teilhabechancen an allgemein als erstrebenswert anerkannten Gütern wie Arbeitsplatz, Bildung und Gesundheitsversorgung schwinden und letztendlich die Handlungsspielräume bei der Gestaltung ihres Lebens weiter eingeschränkt werden. Die Peripherisierung ist jedoch nicht nur auf ländliche Räume bezogen, vielmehr finden Abkopplungsprozesse ganzer Quartiere ebenfalls in Städten statt. Gleichzeitig beginnen sich auch Raumbilder eindeutigen Zuschreibungen zu entziehen. Beispiele aus Mecklenburg-Vorpommern belegen, dass als sehr ästhetisch empfundene Landschaften von verödeten Dörfern umgeben sind. Der vermutlich stark ansteigende Anbau von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen wird nach Einschätzung der Autorin die Vorstellungen von ästhetischen ländlichen Räumen noch einmal stark erschüttern. (ICI2

„Gleichwertigkeit – Ade?“: Die Demographisierung und Peripherisierung entlegener ländlicher Räume

Three main reasons can be identified which triggered a social and political debate whether the task of reaching equal living conditions in Germany has to be abandoned. First, the costs of the reunification and the changed environment caused by globalisation have tightened state budgets available to achieve that aim. Second, economic backwardness and social disengagement of rural areas led to a lasting dependence on transfers from richer German regions. Third, the upcoming demographic change has raised the question whether equal living conditions can be financed for rural areas with low population density. However, the far reaching social consequences of abandoning the aim of equal living conditions remained unconsidered in the debate. Accepting huge differences in living conditions and thus severe territorial disparities means to restrict the equality of opportunity of the rural population and with it endangering the territorial cohesion

Erreichbarkeit von Bildungs-, Gesundheits- und kulturellen Einrichtungen : Einkommensunterschiede, Wünsche nach Investitionen und Einfluss auf die Wohnzufriedenheit

Die ungleiche Verteilung von Bildungschancen wird nicht erst seit Beginn der Covid-19-Pandemie diskutiert. Doch haben die langen Phasen von Homeschooling während der Lockdowns deutlicher offengelegt, mit welch unterschiedlichen Voraussetzungen die gut acht Millionen Schülerinnen und Schüler in Deutschland ins Leben starten. Die Debatte darum, Schule in Präsenzunterricht stattfinden zu lassen, hat neben ungleich verteilten Chancen auch die Erreichbarkeit von Bildungseinrichtungen in den Fokus gerückt. Grund- und weiterführenden Schulen sowie Kinderbetreuungseinrichtungen bilden einen wichtigen Teil der als Daseinsvorsorge bereitgestellten staatlichen Leistungen, die wiederum regelmäßiger Diskussionsgegenstand sind, wenn es um den politischen Leitbegriff der „Gleichwertigkeit der Lebensverhältnisse“ geht. Traditionell werden in diesem Kontext neben der Daseinsvorsorge auch die Arbeits-, Wirtschafts- und Konsumverhältnisse berücksichtigt. Die vorliegende Kurzexpertise untersucht die Erreichbarkeit von Kindergärten und Schulen sowie von Ärzten/Krankenhäusern und kulturellen Einrichtungen insbesondere im Hinblick auf Einkommensunterschiede zwischen den nutzenden Haushalten

PSICOLOGIA DA APRENDIZAGEM: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA SOBRE A CRIAÇÃO DE UM BRINQUEDO PARA DESENVOLVIMENTO PSICOMOTOR INFANTIL

Este trabalho é resultado de uma atividade avaliativa desenvolvida ao longo do segundo semestre de 2017, no componente curricular de Psicologia da Aprendizagem do curso de Psicologia da Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, unidade de Pinhalzinho. Para a construção do brinquedo, foi levado em consideração o desenvolvimento infantil com base a teoria de Piaget, que estruturou em estágios do desenvolvimento infantil, sendo eles: sensório-motor, pré-operatório, operatório-concreto e operatório-formal. O objetivo do brinquedo construído é desenvolver o raciocínio, organização, linguagem, interação criança- família/escola e criatividade. O brinquedo foi desenvolvido para ser brincado por crianças em desenvolvimento na fase operatório-concreto. Nessa fase a criança é caracterizada por agir sobre um mundo concreto. Para a elaboração do brinquedo utilizou-se: isopor, imagens, palito de picolé e tinta. O brinquedo possui 20 cartões, com imagens diversas e adaptado a deficientes visuais. É jogado da seguinte maneira: no início a criança escolhe 10 cartões e é mostrada para a criança uma imagem e ela começa a contar uma história, conforme vai contando mostra mais uma imagem e assim sucessivamente. O brinquedo foi testado com duas crianças, uma de 8 e a outra com 10 anos. Conclui-se que a criança precisa ser estimulada de diversas maneiras e ter um espaço para expressar sua criatividade e capacidade de raciocínio. Neste sentido, o brinquedo auxiliará no processo desenvolvimento e na interação do professor com o aluno, bem como entre as crianças

Development and Phenotype of Heart Failure in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer:The CVSS Study

BACKGROUND: The CVSS (Cardiac and Vascular Late Sequelae in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer) study aimed to investigate the prevalence of different stages of heart failure (HF) in childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) compared with the general population. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 1002 CCSs (age range, 23– 48 years) diagnosed with neoplasia before an age of 15 years underwent a comprehensive cardiovascular screening. An age-and sex-matched sample from the population-based GHS (Gutenberg Health Study) served as a comparison group. Although prevalence of HF was significantly higher in CCSs, prevalence of different HF stages varied strongly by specific tumor history. Compared with the population, the prevalence ratio was 2.6 (95% CI, 2.4– 2.8) for HF stage A and 4.6 (95% CI, 4.1– 5.1) for the composite of HF stage B to D in an age-and sex-adjusted Poisson regression model. Multivariable linear regression, adjusting for tumor entities, age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors, revealed a lower left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with history of bone tumors (β, −4.30 [95% CI, −5.70 to −2.80]), soft tissue sarcoma (β, −1.60 [95% CI, −2.90 to −0.30]), and renal tumors (β, −1.60 [95% CI, −2.80 to −0.29]) compared with the population. The same model for the diastolic marker, ratio of the peak early diastolic filling velocity/lateral mitral annular early diastolic velocity, showed an association only with cardiovascular risk factors but not with tumor entities. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HF stage A to D was significantly higher among long-term CCSs compared with the population and varied strongly by tumor entity. Systolic dysfunction was primarily associated with tumor entities, whereas diastolic dysfunction was associated with a higher burden of cardiovascular risk factors in CCSs.</p

Development and Phenotype of Heart Failure in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer:The CVSS Study

BACKGROUND: The CVSS (Cardiac and Vascular Late Sequelae in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer) study aimed to investigate the prevalence of different stages of heart failure (HF) in childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) compared with the general population. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 1002 CCSs (age range, 23– 48 years) diagnosed with neoplasia before an age of 15 years underwent a comprehensive cardiovascular screening. An age-and sex-matched sample from the population-based GHS (Gutenberg Health Study) served as a comparison group. Although prevalence of HF was significantly higher in CCSs, prevalence of different HF stages varied strongly by specific tumor history. Compared with the population, the prevalence ratio was 2.6 (95% CI, 2.4– 2.8) for HF stage A and 4.6 (95% CI, 4.1– 5.1) for the composite of HF stage B to D in an age-and sex-adjusted Poisson regression model. Multivariable linear regression, adjusting for tumor entities, age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors, revealed a lower left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with history of bone tumors (β, −4.30 [95% CI, −5.70 to −2.80]), soft tissue sarcoma (β, −1.60 [95% CI, −2.90 to −0.30]), and renal tumors (β, −1.60 [95% CI, −2.80 to −0.29]) compared with the population. The same model for the diastolic marker, ratio of the peak early diastolic filling velocity/lateral mitral annular early diastolic velocity, showed an association only with cardiovascular risk factors but not with tumor entities. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HF stage A to D was significantly higher among long-term CCSs compared with the population and varied strongly by tumor entity. Systolic dysfunction was primarily associated with tumor entities, whereas diastolic dysfunction was associated with a higher burden of cardiovascular risk factors in CCSs.</p

Development and Phenotype of Heart Failure in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer:The CVSS Study

BACKGROUND: The CVSS (Cardiac and Vascular Late Sequelae in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer) study aimed to investigate the prevalence of different stages of heart failure (HF) in childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) compared with the general population. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 1002 CCSs (age range, 23– 48 years) diagnosed with neoplasia before an age of 15 years underwent a comprehensive cardiovascular screening. An age-and sex-matched sample from the population-based GHS (Gutenberg Health Study) served as a comparison group. Although prevalence of HF was significantly higher in CCSs, prevalence of different HF stages varied strongly by specific tumor history. Compared with the population, the prevalence ratio was 2.6 (95% CI, 2.4– 2.8) for HF stage A and 4.6 (95% CI, 4.1– 5.1) for the composite of HF stage B to D in an age-and sex-adjusted Poisson regression model. Multivariable linear regression, adjusting for tumor entities, age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors, revealed a lower left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with history of bone tumors (β, −4.30 [95% CI, −5.70 to −2.80]), soft tissue sarcoma (β, −1.60 [95% CI, −2.90 to −0.30]), and renal tumors (β, −1.60 [95% CI, −2.80 to −0.29]) compared with the population. The same model for the diastolic marker, ratio of the peak early diastolic filling velocity/lateral mitral annular early diastolic velocity, showed an association only with cardiovascular risk factors but not with tumor entities. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HF stage A to D was significantly higher among long-term CCSs compared with the population and varied strongly by tumor entity. Systolic dysfunction was primarily associated with tumor entities, whereas diastolic dysfunction was associated with a higher burden of cardiovascular risk factors in CCSs.</p

Establishing a core outcome set for peritoneal dialysis : report of the SONG-PD (standardized outcomes in nephrology-peritoneal dialysis) consensus workshop

Outcomes reported in randomized controlled trials in peritoneal dialysis (PD) are diverse, are measured inconsistently, and may not be important to patients, families, and clinicians. The Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology-Peritoneal Dialysis (SONG-PD) initiative aims to establish a core outcome set for trials in PD based on the shared priorities of all stakeholders. We convened an international SONG-PD stakeholder consensus workshop in May 2018 in Vancouver, Canada. Nineteen patients/caregivers and 51 health professionals attended. Participants discussed core outcome domains and implementation in trials in PD. Four themes relating to the formation of core outcome domains were identified: life participation as a main goal of PD, impact of fatigue, empowerment for preparation and planning, and separation of contributing factors from core factors. Considerations for implementation were identified: standardizing patient-reported outcomes, requiring a validated and feasible measure, simplicity of binary outcomes, responsiveness to interventions, and using positive terminology. All stakeholders supported inclusion of PD-related infection, cardiovascular disease, mortality, technique survival, and life participation as the core outcome domains for PD

US Cosmic Visions: New Ideas in Dark Matter 2017: Community Report

This white paper summarizes the workshop "U.S. Cosmic Visions: New Ideas in Dark Matter" held at University of Maryland on March 23-25, 2017.Comment: 102 pages + reference