Estudos Artísticos

O 18º número da revista croma apresenta 15 artigos que prosseguem os objetivos editoriais desta revista. Trata-se de desafiar os autores ou criadores apresentar a obra de outros artistas preferencialmente originários dos países de expressão portuguesa ou espanhola.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Relação de estratificação como indicador do sequestro de carbono em macroagregados de Latossolo sob plantio direto Stratification ratio as soil carbon sequestration indicator in macroaggregates of Oxisol under no-tillage

A redução no conteúdo de carbono (C) nas camadas mais profundas do solo indica a estratificação entre a camada superficial e as subsuperficiais, devido à adição contínua de C pelos resíduos culturais na superfície. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variação (∆) da relação de estratificação (RE) de carbono como indicadora do sequestro de C total e particulado em macroagregados de dois Latossolos de classes texturais diferentes, manejados em sistema plantio direto. Os ensaios foram desenvolvidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com doze repetições. Os fatores analisados foram: (a) dois solos (Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico típico com classe textural franco-argilo-arenosa e Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico típico com classe textural franco-argilosa); (b) duas camadas de amostragem (0-5 e 5-20cm de profundidade); (c) duas épocas de amostragem (E1-outubro de 2007; E2-setembro de 2008). Observou-se relação linear e significativa entre o delta RE com a taxa de sequestro de C total em macroagregados no Latossolo Vermelho com classe textural franco argilo arenosa (R²=0,78**) e franco argilosa (R²=0,81**), indicando ter havido sequestro de C e confirmando ser este um indicador sensível da taxa de sequestro de C no solo em macroagregados.The decrease in soil organic carbon (SOC) content in deeper layers indicates the occurrence of stratification between the surface layer and subsurface layer of soil due to continuous C addition by crop residues. The objective was to evaluate the change (delta) of stratification (RE) of carbon (C) as an indicator of C sequestration and soil total and particulate soil in macroaggregates of two soils (Typic Hapludox) with different textures, managed in no-tillage system. The tests were developed in completely randomized design twelve repetitions.Analyzed factors were: (a) two soils: Oxisol with medium texture and Oxisol with clay texture, (b) sampling depth: 0-5 and 5-20cm, (c) two sampling times (October 2007-T1, September 2008-T2). The results were submitted to variance analysis by program SISVAR 5.3, using the Tukey test at 5% significance. There was a significant linear relationship between the ∆ RE and carbon sequestration rate total macroaggregates Oxisol with medium texture (R²=0.78**) and Oxisol with clay texture (R²=0.81**) indicating that there was C sequestration confirming to be a sensitive indicator of the rate of C sequestration in soil macroaggregates

Bacterial community composition in the salivary glands of triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae).

BACKGROUND:Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and is transmitted through triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). In the last year, many studies of triatomine gut microbiota have outlined its potential role in modulating vector competence. However, little is known about the microbiota present in the salivary glands of triatomines. Bacterial composition of salivary glands in selected triatomine species was investigated, as well as environmental influences on the acquisition of bacterial communities. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:The diversity of the bacterial communities of 30 pairs of salivary glands of triatomines was studied by sequencing of the V1- V3 variable region of the 16S rRNA using the MiSeq platform (Illumina), and bacteria isolated from skin of three vertebrate hosts were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (targeting the V3-V5 region). In a comparative analysis of microbiota in the salivary glands of triatomine species, operational taxonomic units belonging to Arsenophonous appeared as dominant in Triatoma spp (74% of the total 16S coverage), while these units belonging to unclassified Enterobacteriaceae were dominant in the Rhodnius spp (57% of the total 16S coverage). Some intraspecific changes in the composition of the triatomine microbiota were observed, suggesting that some bacteria may have been acquired from the environment. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE:Our study revealed the presence of a low-diversity microbiota associated to the salivary glands of the evaluated triatomines. The predominant bacteria genera are associated with triatomine genera and the bacteria can be acquired in the environment in which the insects reside. Further studies are necessary to determine the influence of bacterial communities on vector competence

Second-generation pterocarpanquinones: synthesis and antileishmanial activity

Abstract Background Despite the development of new therapies for leishmaniasis, among the 200 countries or territories reporting to the WHO, 87 were identified as endemic for Tegumentary Leishmaniasis and 75 as endemic for Visceral Leishmaniasis. The identification of antileishmanial drug candidates is essential to fill the drug discovery pipeline for leishmaniasis. In the hit molecule LQB-118 selected, the first generation of pterocarpanquinones was effective and safe against experimental visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis via oral delivery. In this paper, we report the synthesis and antileishmanial activity of the second generation of pterocarpanoquinones. Methods The second generation of pterocarpanquinones 2a-f was prepared through a palladium-catalyzed oxyarylation of dihydronaphtalen and chromens with iodolawsone, easily prepared by iodination of lawsone. The spectrum of antileishmanial activity was evaluated in promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of L. amazonensis, L. braziliensis, and L. infantum. Toxicity was assessed in peritoneal macrophages and selective index calculated by CC50/IC50. Oxidative stress was measured by intracellular ROS levels and mitochondrial membrane potential in treated cells. Results In this work, we answered two pertinent questions about the structure of the first-generation pterocarpanquinones: the configuration and positions of rings B (pyran) and C (furan) and the presence of oxygen in the B ring. When rings B and C are exchanged, we noted an improvement of the activity against promastigotes and amastigotes of L. amazonensis and promastigotes of L. infantum. As to the oxygen in ring B of the new generation, we observed that the oxygenated compound 2b is approximately twice as active against L. braziliensis promastigotes than its deoxy derivative 2a. Another modification that improved the activity was the addition of the methylenedioxy group. A variation in the susceptibility among species was evident in the clinically relevant form of the parasite, the intracellular amastigote. L. amazonensis was the species most susceptible to novel derivatives, whilst L. infantum was resistant to most of them. The pterocarpanoquinones (2b and 2c) that possess the oxygen atom in ring B showed induction of increased ROS production. Conclusions The data presented indicate that the pterocarpanoquinones are promising compounds for the development of new leishmanicidal agents