Cinema: an humanist and pedagogical tool for themes in Health-Education. The experience of CineSocial

Study design: The approach to the research was qualitative. Objective: we used the audiovisual resources (movies) to make teachers, students and health professionals reflect, discuss and updatesocial subjects relevant to health and education. Methodology: The Project was structured as a coursewith five meetings that took place between 2008 August and December. Subjects relevant to PublicHealth and Education were focused (hunger, school violence, teenage pregnancy, health-disease process and teenage drug abuse); for each theme, specialists were invited. The instrument used to acquirethe participant perceptions was a questionnaire with 14 semi-structured questions and at the end ofeach meeting, a report was requested. A Thematic analysis of narrative was conducted with the materialfrom the individual reflection report. Results: The meeting had the presence of 49 participants (undergraduates, public teachers, health professionals, graduates and professors). In the analysis of thenarrative open question material from the individual reflection report, we could identify two sets of categories: the first one identified was the participants' expectancy before beginning the CineSocial project andthe second one identified was the participants' opinions about the course relevance. Discussion andConclusions: The cinema use enabled knowledge flow and experience diffusion; it also corroborated theidea that not only documentaries and fiction films could express the knowledge aimed by Science, butother types of cinema as well. Focusing on cinema was not the priority of this experience, the priority wasfocus on life, society, school, exclusion, current subjects present inside or outside of the school.Modelo do estudo: Abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa Objetivo: foi utilizado recurso audiovisual (filmes)para propiciar reflexões, discussões e atualização de professores, alunos e profissionais da saúde emtemas sociais pertinentes às áreas da saúde e educação. Metodologia: o projeto foi estruturado em formade curso de difusão com cinco encontros, entre agosto e dezembro de 2008. Foram abordados temasrelevantes em Saúde e Educação (fome, violência escolar, gravidez na adolescência, processo saúdedoença e drogas na adolescência) e foram convidados especialistas em cada temática para debate. Oinstrumento utilizado para captar as percepções dos participantes foi um questionário de 14 questõessemi-estruturadas e ao final de cada encontro foi solicitada a entrega de relatório. Foi realizada AnáliseTemática de Narrativa de material proveniente dos relatórios individuais de reflexão. Resultados: osencontros tiveram a presença de 49 participantes (estudantes de graduação, professores da rede municipal de ensino, profissionais da área da saúde, pós-graduandos e docentes do ensino superior). Naanálise do material narrativo advindo das questões abertas dos relatórios individuais de reflexão foipossível levantar dois blocos de categorias, sendo que o primeiro deles destacou as expectativas que osparticipantes tinham antes de iniciar o projeto CineSocial e o segundo bloco levantou a opinião dosparticipantes sobre a relevância do curso. Discussão e Conclusões: o uso do cinema possibilitou acirculação dos conhecimentos, tornou possível a difusão de experiências, corroborou a ideia de quedocumentários assim como filmes de ficção podem exprimir os conhecimentos orientados pela Ciência.Pensar a arte do cinema não foi a prioridade dessa experiência, a prioridade foi pensar a vida, a sociedade, a escola, a saúde, a exclusão social e temas do cotidiano presentes dentro ou fora das escolas

Growth analysis in the potato crop under different irrigation levels

Conduziu-se um experimento na Fazenda São Manoel, localizada em São Manuel, SP, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes lâminas de irrigação no crescimento da cultura da batata (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum), cultivar Aracy. O ensaio foi instalado em um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro, textura arenosa, sob uma cobertura de plástico. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos, cinco coletas de plantas para fins de análise de crescimento, e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiam em irrigar a batata quando a tensão da água no solo atingia 15, 35, 55, 75 e 1.500 kPa. O aumento nas lâminas de irrigação induz incremento no índice de área foliar, na duração da área foliar, na taxa de crescimento relativo e na taxa assimilatória líquida. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: An experiment was carried out at Fazenda São Manoel, pertaining to the Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas of the Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Manuel, SP, Brazil, to evaluate irrigation levels in the potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum) growth, cv. Aracy. This work was installed in a sandy Dark-Red Latosol, under a plastic cover. The experimental design was an entirely randomized block composed by irrigation in the potato plots when the soil water potential has reached 15, 35, 55, 75 and 1,500 kPa, and five plant sampling time with four replicates. It was found that higher irrigation levels led to increase of the leaf area index, leaf area duration, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate

Brain ischemia alters platelet ATP diphosphohydrolase and 5'-nucleotidase activities in naive and preconditioned rats

The effects of transient forebrain ischemia, reperfusion and ischemic preconditioning on rat blood platelet ATP diphosphohydrolase and 5'-nucleotidase activities were evaluated. Adult Wistar rats were submitted to 2 or 10 min of single ischemic episodes, or to 10 min of ischemia 1 day after a 2-min ischemic episode (ischemic preconditioning) by the four-vessel occlusion method. Rats submitted to single ischemic insults were reperfused for 60 min and for 1, 2, 5, 10 and 30 days after ischemia; preconditioned rats were reperfused for 60 min 1 and 2 days after the long ischemic episode. Brain ischemia (2 or 10 min) inhibited ATP and ADP hydrolysis by platelet ATP diphosphohydrolase. On the other hand, AMP hydrolysis by 5'-nucleotidase was increased after 2, but not 10, min of ischemia. Ischemic preconditioning followed by 10 min of ischemia caused activation of both enzymes. Variable periods of reperfusion distinctly affected each experimental group. Enzyme activities returned to control levels in the 2-min group. However, the decrease in ATP diphosphohydrolase activity was maintained up to 30 days of reperfusion after 10-min ischemia. 5'-Nucleotidase activity was decreased 60 min and 1 day following 10-min ischemia; interestingly, enzymatic activity was increased after 2 and 5 days of reperfusion, and returned to control levels after 10 days. Ischemic preconditioning cancelled the effects of 10-min ischemia on the enzymatic activities. These results indicate that brain ischemia and ischemic preconditioning induce peripheral effects on ecto-enzymes from rat platelets involved in nucleotide metabolism. Thus, ATP, ADP and AMP degradation and probably the generation of adenosine in the circulation may be altered, leading to regulation of microthrombus formation since ADP aggregates platelets and adenosine is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation

Comparative analysis of two different models of swimming applied to pregnant rats born small for pregnant age

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare two models of swimming applied to pregnant rats born small for pregnancy age (SPA). Diabetes was chemically induced in adult female rats to develop an inadequate intrauterine environment, leading to birth of a SPA offspring. In adulthood, the female SPA rats were mated and submitted to different swimming programs. The exercise program 1 (Ex1) consisted of swimming for 15 minutes, followed by 15 minutes of rest and another 15 minutes of swimming, 3 days a week before and during pregnancy. Another program (Ex2) was applied during 60 minutes uninterrupted a day, 6 days/week during pregnancy. The pregnant rats presented no interference on body weight and glycemia. The rats submitted to Ex2 model showed decreased insulin and blood glucose levels by oral glucose tolerance test, and reduction in area under curve values. The offspring from dams submitted to both exercise protocols presented an increased rate of newborns SPA. However, the offspring from Ex2 dams showed percentage twice higher of newborns SPA than Ex1 offspring. Our data suggests that continuous exercise of 60 min/day ameliorated the enhanced peripheral insulin sensitivity in growth-restricted females. However, this protocol employed at pregnancy leads to intrauterine growth restriction