Language skills, peer rejection, and the development of externalizing behavior from kindergarten to fourth grade

Background: Children with poorer language skills are more likely to show externalizing behavior problems, as well as to become rejected by their peers. Peer rejection has also been found to affect the development of externalizing behavior. This study explored the role of peer rejection in the link between language skills and the development of externalizing behavior. Methods: Six hundred and fifteen (615) children were followed from kindergarten to grade 4. Receptive language skills were measured with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test in grade 2. Teachers reported externalizing behavior and peer reports of social rejection were measured annually. Results: Children with poorer receptive language skills showed increasing externalizing behavior, while children with better receptive language skills showed decreases in externalizing behavior. Children with poorer receptive language skills experienced peer rejection most frequently. The link between receptive language skills and the development of externalizing behavior was mediated by the development of peer rejection. Findings suggested that this mediational link applied mostly to boys. Conclusion: Children with poorer language skills are at increased risk of becoming rejected by mainstream peers, which adds to the development of externalizing behavior. © 2010 The Authors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. © 2010 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health

Case Note: The Netherlands

Case citation: LJN BV4738 (appeal in cassation re Arnhem Appeal Court, 16 June 2010, LJN: MB8100) (Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) data; improperly obtained evidence; lack of reasoning for the decision by the Appeal Court)

Case Note: The Netherlands

21 November 2007, LJN BC0337, Rechtbank (Lower Court) Amsterdam. Dr. Simone van der Hof

Coalition theories: empirical evidence for dutch municipalities

The paper analyzes coalition formation in Dutch municipalities. After discussing the main features of the institutional setting, several theories are discussed, which are classified as size oriented, policy oriented and actor oriented models. A test statistic is proposed to determine the predictive power of these models. The empirical analysis shows that strategic positions as well as some of the distinguished preferences are important in the setting of Dutch municipalities. Especially, the dominant minimum number principle yields highly significant results for coalition formations in the period 1978–1986

Case Note: The Netherlands

Case citation: LJN BV5623 (appeal in cassation re Arnhem Appeal Court, 19 August 2010, LJN: BN4204) (Derogatory images on the internet; effectiveness of a disclaimer

The European economy in 1998 and 1999: An update

A. Situation and Prospects for the European Economy 3 I. Slower Growth of the World Economy 3 II. Weaker Expansion of the European Economy 5 III. Economic Policy 7 B. Country Reports 9 I. Germany: Upturn Continues Despite Financial Turbulence 9 II. Confidence Still High in France, Though Off Its Peak 9 III. Downturn in the UK Economy 10 IV. Italy: A Fragile Recovery 11 --

Case Translation: The Netherlands

Gerechtshof ‘s Gravenhage 9 maart 2011 LJN: BP7080, Gerechtshof te ‘s-Gravenhage meervoudige kamer voor strafzaken (Appeals Court at The Hague, Criminal bench),dossier number: 22-002281-10, with thanks to Dr Maurice Schellekens for help with this translation. (Threats to kill posted on web site; accused posted comments by using the connection of a third party via wi fi without permission; whether using the computer of a third party without permission is an offence in Dutch law; electronic evidence