Synthesis of polyamides from diamines of the fluorene series

Aromatic polyamides were prepared by polycondensation of isophthaloyl chloride and 2,7-diaminofluorene, 2,7-dimainofluorenone, or 2,5-diaminofluorenone in AcNMe2 or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone at 20 deg - 30 deg for 1.5-2 hr. Isophthaloyl chloride-2,5-diaminofluorenone copolymer 39609-29-51 was sol. in AcNMe2, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, DMF, and hexamethylphosphoramide, whereas isophthaloyl chloride-2,7-diamino-fluorene copolymer 39609-30-3 and isophthaloyl chloride-2,7-diamino-fluorenone copolymer 39609-31-0 were not sol. in the solvents cited. The aromatic polyamides revealed thixotropic properties in 0.5% solutions in H2SO4

Using temporary water to resupply fresh water (on example Kanaka SCC)

In boarding houses, located at the mouth of the Kanaka beam (SCC), the problem of provision with fresh drinking water worsened. So far, the provision with drinking water was carried out with water wells from the aquifer at a depth of up to 15 m from the earth surface

Kanaka is the place of healthy lifestyle

The general problem for the South Coast of Crimea (hereinafter – SCC) is supply of fresh water to inhabited localities. That is why all issues concerning formation, transportation, accumulation and consumption of fresh water reserves require constant study. The researched area of the SCC includes the temporary stream Kanaka, the permanent streams Alachuk and Uskut

The effect on nitrogen oxide emission from agricultural soils

The study investigates the effect of biochar on nitrous oxide emission in Endoargic Anthrosols in the southern territory of the Russian Far East. Biochar (bio-charcoal) was applied in the amounts of 1 kg/m2 and 3 kg/m2 in combination with organic and mineral fertilizers to drained and drain-free fields during the vegetation season, and the five-gas analyzer G2508 (Picarro) was used. Cumulative flows of N2O were estimated. The analysis revealed that biochar reduces the emissions and the cumulative flow of nitrous oxide. The higher the dose of biochar, the lower the emission and cumulative flows of nitrous oxide, regardless of a drainage system. Biochar (1 kg/m2) reduced the cumulative N2O flow from the soil by 52.2% throughout the experiment conducted, while a dose of 3 kg/m2 allowed for 97.8% reduction. The study found that organic and mineral fertilizers can be effectively used in combination with biochar, as N2O emission from the soil with mineral fertilizers is significantly higher than from the soil with organic fertilizers. Biochar (1 kg/m2) combined with organic fertilizers reduces N2O emission by 53.7%, while a dose of 3 kg/m2 can reduce emissions by 88.9%. Biochar (1 kg/m2) combined with mineral fertilizers reduced the flow of N2O by 17.5%, while a 3 kg/m2 dose of biochar used with mineral fertilizers reduced the emission by 85.3%

Effect of biochar on soil co2 fluxes from agricultural field experiments in russian far east

Agricultural soils are a major source of greenhouse gases. Biochar is a soil improver and, when applied to the soil, sequesters carbon. However, a different combination of soil and climatic conditions and biochar leads to different research results. In this research, the effects of 1 kg/m2 and 3 kg/m2 biochar application to clay soils on the CO2 flow in field experiments along two cropping seasons in the Russian Far East were investigated. Data showed that biochar significantly reduces the cumulative flow of soil CO2, compared with untreated field plots. In 2018, the greatest reduction in soil CO2 emissions (28.2%) with 3 kg/m2 of biochar was obtained, while in 2019, the greatest decrease in the cumulative CO2 flow at the application dose of 1 kg/m2 (57.7%) was recorded. A correlation between a decrease in the value of the cumulative CO2 flux and an increase in the biomass grown in the studied areas of agricultural crops during the season of 2018 was found

Regulatory subunits of PKA define an axis of cellular proliferation/differentiation in ovarian cancer cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) exists in two isoforms, RI and RII, which distinguish the PKA isozymes, type I (PKA-I) and type II (PKA-II). Evidence obtained from a variety of different experimental approaches has shown that the relative levels of type I and type II PKA in cells can play a major role in determining the balance between cell growth and differentiation. In order to characterize the effect of PKA type I and type II regulatory subunits on gene transcription at a global level, the PKA regulatory subunit genes for RIα and RIIβ were stably transfected into cells of the ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR8).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>RIα transfected cells exhibit hyper-proliferative growth and RIIβ transfected cells revert to a relatively quiescent state. Profiling by microarray revealed equally profound changes in gene expression between RIα, RIIβ, and parental OVCAR cells. Genes specifically up-regulated in RIα cells were highly enriched for pathways involved in cell growth while genes up-regulated in RIIβ cells were enriched for pathways involved in differentiation. A large group of genes (~3600) was regulated along an axis of proliferation/differentiation between RIα, parental, and RIIβ cells. RIα/wt and RIIβ/wt gene regulation was shown by two separate and distinct gene set analytical methods to be strongly cross-correlated with a generic model of cellular differentiation.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Overexpression of PKA regulatory subunits in an ovarian cancer cell line dramatically influences the cell phenotype. The proliferation phenotype is strongly correlated with recently identified clinical biomarkers predictive of poor prognosis in ovarian cancer suggesting a possible pivotal role for PKA regulation in disease progression.</p

Применение идаруцизумаба при выполнении экстренных хирургических вмешательств пациентам, принимавшим дабигатран

This article presents modern possibilities for the provision of emergency surgical care to patients with atrial fibrillation, who administered dabigatran etexilate. We describe two clinical situations, in which idarucizumab, a specific dabigatran antagonist, which is a monoclonal antibody fragment that binds dabigatran, was used to neutralize the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran etexilate before emergency surgery. In the first case, the patient developed acute gangrenous calculous cholecystitis, in the second a patient required an urgent epicystostomy. In both cases, the successful outcome of surgical interventions was due to the effective interactions of the team of specialists and adherence to the algorithm for providing emergency care to such patients, as well as the presence of idarucizumab in hospitals. The postoperative management of patients and the timely resumption of anticoagulant therapy to prevent thromboembolic complications is no less important. The presented clinical cases confirm the feasibility of using idarucizumab to provide emergency surgical care to patients on dabigatran etexilate, as well as the need to take into account the possible risk of emergency interventions when anticoagulant therapy is prescribed to patients with atrial fibrillation. This paper discusses special risk groups of patients in whom rapid reversal of anticoagulation is required due to altered hemostasis.We outline data of a prospective cohort study (RE-VERSE AD), which examined the efficacy and safety of idarucizumab in patients with uncontrolled bleeding and in patients requiring urgent surgery. We also present the RE-VECTO study data on the use of idarucizumab in real-life clinical practice.В статье представлены современные возможности оказания экстренной хирургической помощи пациентам с фибрилляцией предсердий, принимавшим дабигатрана этексилат. Описаны две клинические ситуации, в которых перед экстренным хирургическим вмешательством для нейтрализации антикоагулянтного эффекта дабигатрана этексилата был применен его специфический антагонист – идаруцизумаб, представляющий собой фрагмент моноклонального антитела с высокой связывающей активностью в отношении дабигатрана. В первом случае у пациента развился острый гангренозный калькулезный холецистит, во втором больному потребовалось экстренное наложение эпицистостомы. В обоих случаях успешный исход оперативных вмешательств был обусловлен эффективным взаимодействием команды специалистов с соблюдением алгоритма оказания неотложной помощи таким пациентам, а также наличием в стационарах идаруцизумаба. Не менее важными являются послеоперационное ведение пациентов и своевременное возобновление антикоагулянтной терапии для профилактики тромбоэмболических осложнений. Представленные клинические случаи подтверждают целесообразность применения идаруцизумаба при оказании экстренной хирургической помощи пациентам, принимавшим дабигатрана этексилат, а также необходимость учитывать возможный риск неотложных вмешательств при назначении антикоагулянтной терапии у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий. В представленной работе обсуждаются группы пациентов особого риска, которым может потребоваться экстренная реверсия антикоагулянтной активности на фоне измененного гемостаза. Представлены данные проспективного когортного исследования RE-VERSE AD, в котором были изучены эффективность и безопасность идаруцизумаба у пациентов с неконтролируемыми кровотечениями и у пациентов, которым требовалось ургентное оперативное вмешательство. Также представлены данные исследования RE-VECTO об использовании идаруцизумаба в реальной клинической практике

Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia.

Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene &lt;sup&gt;1-5&lt;/sup&gt; . Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes-mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods-from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a 'great divide' genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 BP, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 BP, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a 'Neolithic steppe' cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations