Building a Dream

The August 28, 1963 March on Washington is often remembered primarily for Martin Luther King, Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech, which serves as the pinnacle of civil rights movement oratory. This thesis, in contrast, examines speeches of the leaders of the “Big Six” organizations that preceded King’s well-known words in order to shed light on the complexities of the movement and the outcomes that can result from meaningful dissent. Occurring at a time of division, the March emerged as a symbol of hope for change in the nation. The addresses of the day reflected this hope and helped build a sense of community, not only through their words, but also through the embodiment of a community working together to achieve progress. This thesis argues that through its materialization as a dynamic spectacle, the arrangement of the discourse at the March, and its iconic representation of desired change, the March on Washington constructed community among civil rights activists. This sense of community, in turn, helped urge subsequent action and provided an identity for the African-American community

Die Artikulation des bisher Nichtartikulierbaren

Die vorliegende Arbeit thematisiert, was das Verhältnis von zeitgenössischen Romanen zu den sprachphilosophischen und diskurstheoretischen Ansichten Hans-Christoph Kollers zu Bildungsprozessen zur Erarbeitung zeitgemäßer Konzeptionen von Bildung beitragen kann. Mit zeitgemäßen Bildungskonzeptionen sind in diesem Zusammenhang jene bezeichnet, die den Herausforderungen einer als postmodern bestimmten Gesellschaft gerecht zu werden versuchen. Für diese Thematisierung kommen zunächst die beiden vorgenommenen Fokussierungen, Kollers sprachphilosophisches und diskurstheoretisches Bildungsverständnis und die im Rahmen der Arbeit vertretene Auffassung zu zeitgenössischen Romanen in den Blick. Mit deren Klärung ist die Grundlage für eine Auseinandersetzung mit jenem Beitrag gegeben, den dieses Verhältnis für die Erarbeitung zeitgemäßer Bildungskonzeptionen leisten kann. Bei der sprachphilosophischen und diskurstheoretischen Betrachtung versuchter Grenzgänge zwischen zeitgenössischen Romanen und Bildungstheorie bzw. -philosophie wird der Blick auf ein Potential zeitgenössischer Romane eröffnet, das mit der Artikulation von bisher Nichtartikuliertem in Verbindung steht und auch von Seiten der Bildungswissenschaft nicht leichtfertig vergeben werden sollte.Subject of this study is that contribution to a “new” conception of education, which could be provided by the relation between contemporary novels and Hans-Christoph Koller's linguistic-philosophical and discourse-theoretical approaches about educational processes. For this thesis the “renewal” of the conception of education has to meet the requirements of a post-modern society. First of all, Kollers linguistic-philosophical and discourse-theoretical educational concept will be focused. Subsequent to that, it is essential to discuss this study's concept of contemporary novels. On that basis the research question can be followed up and the relation between these two focuses and further the contribution to a “new” conception of education will be reconsidered. In the course of that linguistic-philosophically and discourse-theoretically borderline walk between contemporary novels and educational theories a possible potential of expressing the yet unexpressed turns up and thus an opportunity for educational science which should not be skipped thoughtlessly

August 28, 1963: Building Community through Collective Discourse

The August 28, 1963 March on Washington is often remembered primarily for Martin Luther King, Jr.\u27s I Have a Dream speech, which serves as the pinnacle of civil rights movement oratory. This thesis, in contrast, examines speeches of the leaders of the Big Six organizations that preceded King\u27s well-known words in order to shed light on the complexities of the movement and the outcomes that can result from meaningful dissent. Occurring at a time of division, the March emerged as a symbol of hope for change in the nation. The addresses of the day reflected this hope and helped build a sense of community, not only through their words, but also through the embodiment of a community working together to achieve progress. This thesis argues that through its materialization as a dynamic spectacle, the arrangement of the discourse at the March, and its iconic representation of desired change, the March on Washington constructed community among civil rights activists. This sense of community, in turn, helped urge subsequent action and provided an identity for the African-American community

Epigenetic influences of probiotics on the expression of inflammation specific genes and micro RNAs

In dieser Arbeit wurde die veränderte Genexpression von Interleukin 6 (IL6), Tumor Nekrosis Faktorα (TNFα), Nuklear Faktor kappa B, Untereinheit p65 (NFκBp65) und Peroxisom Proliferativer aktivierter Rezeptor γ (PPARγ) nach der Behandlung mit den Probiotika Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, Bifidobacterium lactis 420, Streptococcus thermophilus ST21 und mit Lipopolysacchariden (LPS) untersucht. All diese Stoffe wurden einerseits zu nicht vorstimulierten Zellen, anderseits zu Interleukin 1β (IL1β) vorstimulierten Zellen zugesetzt. Dieser Aufbau stellte sicher, dass auf der einen Seite die Auswirkungen der Probiotika und LPS auf die Zellen klar wurden und auf der anderen Seite ihr Einfluss auf entzündliche Vorgänge, die durch IL1β hervorgerufen wurden. Die Expression von miR7i, miR27b und miR155 wurde ebenfalls nach der Behandlung mit LPS, Lactobacillus acidophilus und Streptococcus thermophilus bestimmt. Es wurde das Colon Karzinom Zellsystem CACO2 verwendet. Epigenetik wird definiert als eine Veränderung in der Genexpression ohne Veränderungen in der DNA Sequenz. Verschiedene Nahrungsmittelinhaltsstoffe können die Genexpression verändern. Die Signaltransduktionswege, die die Zeitkinetik der zellulären Antwort auf spezifische Inhaltsstoffe bestimmen, sind komplex und interagieren auf verschieden Weisen miteinander. micro RNAs (miRs) sind wichtige nicht-kodierende RNAs, die die Genexpression regulieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Behandlung mit Streptococcus thermophilus oft zu Expressionslevels führt, die sich von den anderen Probiotika unterscheiden. LPS zeigte, vor allem in IL1β vorstimulierten Zellen, ein unerwartetes Herabsenken der Expression von Genen. In nicht vorstimulierten Zellen, konnten nur nach LPS Behandlung signifikante Steigerungen in der Genexpression festgestellt werden. Die Expressionen der miRNAs zeigten einen klaren Trend, so konnte die miR7i durch alle Behandlungen statistisch signifikant gesenkt werden. Nach Behandlung mit Lactobacillus acidophilus war die Expression aller miRs signifikant gesunken. Es konnte nach Auswertung aller Ergebnisse keine Erhöhung der micro RNA Expression nach 24 Stunden Behandlung festgestellt werden. Obwohl die miR155 Expression nach Streptococcus und Lactobacillus Behandlung erhöht war. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit zeigten Probiotika und LPS die Fähigkeit in CACO2 Zellen die Expression von entzündungs-spezifischen Genen zu verändern. Wobei die micro RNA Expression wahrscheinlich die Expression entzündungsspezifischer Gene beeinflusst. Die Veränderungen konnten insbesondere bei bereits vorhandenen entzündlichen Prozessen gezeigt werden. Weitere Studien sind notwendig um den Effekt von Probiotika und LPS auf das Immunsystem von Menschen klar nachweisen zu können.In this work the changed expression of Interleukin 6 (IL6), Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα), Nuclear Factor kappa B, subunit p65 (NFkBp65) and Peroxisome Proliferative activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) was analyzed after treatment with the probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, Bifidobacterium lactis 420, Streptococcus thermophilus ST21 and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). All of these components were added to either not prestimulated cells or to Interleukin 1β (IL1β) prestimulated cells. This ensured that on the one hand the effect of the probiotics and LPS on the cell system and on the other hand their effect on inflammatory processes, induced by IL1β, in this specific cell system could be observed. The expression level of the micro RNAs miR7i, miR27b and miR155 was also measured after treatment with LPS, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus. The used cell system was the Colon- Carcinoma cell line CACO2. Epigenetics is characterized by a change in gene expression without a change in the DNA sequence. Different food components are able to modify the expression level of specific genes. The signaling pathways that characterize the time kinetics of the cellular response to specific components are very complex systems that interact with each other. Micro RNAs (miRs) are important noncoding RNAs which regulate gene expression. The results showed that the treatment with Streptococcus thermophilus often induced different expression levels than the other probiotics, more similar to LPS. LPS treatment itself showed significant decreases in the expression of distinct genes that were not expected, especially after prestimulation with IL1β. Without prestimulation the only significant increases in gene expression could be seen after Streptococcus and LPS treatment. Within the expression detection of micro RNAs there was a clear trend that showed that miR7i was statistically significant decreased after every treatment. After the treatment with Lactobacillus acidophilus, every miR was decreased significantly. Taken together no significant upregulation of micro RNA expression could be observed after 24 hours of treatment, although miR155 expression was increased after Streptococcus and Lactobacillus treatment. To conclude the findings, probiotics and LPS have the ability to alter the expression of inflammatory genes and micro RNAs in CACO2 cells. Whereas micro RNA expression presumably influenced inflammatory gene expression. Especially effects on already existing inflammatory processes could be shown. Further investigations are necessary to claim the impact of specific probiotics and LPS on the human immune system

Drug-coated Balloons for Small Coronary Vessel Interventions: A Literature Review

Newer-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) are the standard of care for the treatment of symptomatic coronary artery disease. However, some lack of efficacy has been reported in small coronary arteries based on higher rates of target lesion restenosis, thrombosis and MI resulting in repeated interventions. Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) are an established treatment option for in-stent restenosis in both bare metal stents and DES and they can deliver an anti-proliferative drug into the vessel wall without implanting a stent. DCBs are a promising technique for selected de novo coronary lesions, especially in small vessel disease. In this article, the current evidence for the treatment of small vessel disease with DCBs will be reviewed

Coronary and structural heart interventions in Switzerland 2018

Since the first coronary angioplasty by Andreas Grüntzig in Zurich in 1977, the number of cardiac interventional procedures has steadily increased. The aim of this report is to summarise the state of catheter-based cardiac interventions in adults in Switzerland in 2018. Since 1987, the Working Group Interventional Cardiology of the Swiss Society of Cardiology has collected annually aggregate data from all facilities with cardiac catheterisation laboratories in the country, currently 36 institutions in 17 cantons of Switzerland. Over past years, the numbers of coronary angiography procedures (CAs) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) increased steadily reaching 57,309 for CA and 27,318 for PCI in 2018. Among structural heart interventions, a broad spectrum of transcatheter procedures is currently available in Switzerland. Numbers of transcatheter aortic valve implantations similarly increased, with 1781 implantations in 2018

Stroke Prevention With Left Atrial Appendage Closure in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Prior Intracranial Hemorrhage

BACKGROUND Oral anticoagulation (OAC) is deemed a relative contraindication after intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) if the cause cannot be eliminated and the risk of recurrence is high. That leaves atrial fibrillation (AF) patients at high risk of thromboembolic events. Endovascular left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) can be an alternative to OAC for patients requiring stroke prevention. METHODS We performed a retrospective single-centre analysis of 138 consecutive ICH patients with nonvalvular AF and high stroke risk who underwent LAAC between 2010 and 2022 at Vancouver General Hospital. We report the baseline characteristics, procedural results, and follow-up data, comparing the observed stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) rate with the predicted event rate based on their CHA$_{2}$DS$_{2}$-VASc scores. RESULTS The average age was 76.1 ± 8.5 years; the mean CHA$_{2}$DS$_{2}$-VASc score was 4.4 ± 1.5; and the mean HAS-BLED score was 3.7 ± 0.9. The procedural success rate was 98.6%, and the complication rate was 3.6% with no periprocedural death, stroke, or TIA. The antithrombotic regimen post-LAAC consisted of short-term dual antiplatelet therapy (1-6 months) followed by aspirin alone for a minimum of 6 months in 86.2%. At mean follow-up of 14.7 ± 13.7 months, 9 deaths (6.5%, 7 cardiovascular, 2 noncardiovascular), 2 strokes (1.4%), and 1 TIA (0.7%) had occurred. The annualized observed stroke/TIA rate was 1.8%, which was lower than the adjusted predicted stroke rate of 7.0% (95% confidence interval: 4.8%-9.2%). Two patients (1.5%) suffered another ICH (both on aspirin monotherapy). One device-related thrombus (0.7%) was confirmed and treated with OAC without sequelae. CONCLUSION Endovascular LAAC is a feasible alternative to OAC for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular AF and prior ICH

Baseline high sensitivity cardiac troponin I level below limit of quantitation rules out acute myocardial infarction in the emergency department

The objective of our study was to determine the utility of a baseline high sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTnI) value below the limit of quantitation to rule out acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients presenting to the emergency department with any suspicious symptoms of a cardiac etiology. We enrolled subjects presenting to the Emergency Department with symptoms suspicious for AMI. Blood specimens were collected within one hour after a triage electrocardiogram. Cardiac troponin I was measured using the Beckman Coulter Access hs-cTnI assay. The diagnosis of AMI was adjudicated by two cardiologists using the Third Universal Definition of AMI and Roche Diagnostics Troponin T Generation 5 assay with all available clinical data at 30 days after presentation. A total of 567 subjects had all data required for data analyses. AMI was diagnosed in 46 (8.1%) patients. 232 (40.9%) individuals had presentation hs-cTnI results \u3c 4.0 ng/L. None of the patients with baseline hs-cTnI \u3c 4.0 ng/L had an AMI, yielding a negative predictive value of 100.0% and a sensitivity of 100%, and a good prognosis (no AMIs or cardiac-related deaths at 30 days). In this single center emergency department study, a baseline presenting novel hs-cTnI value of \u3c 4.0 ng/L effectively ruled out AMI in 40.9% of all patients presenting to the emergency department and having any symptoms suspicious for AMI. Importantly all patients, not only those with chest pain, and those having symptoms for any duration or those with end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis were included