Ülseratif kolit hayvan modelinde indolamin 2,3-dioksijenaz enzim aktivitesinin incelenmesi

Ülseratif kolit ve Crohn hastalığını kapsayan inflamatuvar bağırsak hastalığı, gastrointestinal sistemin kompleks, kronik, immün aracılı inflamatuvar bozukluğudur. Etiyolojisi tam olarak anlaşılamamakla birlikte çevresel faktörler, genetik yatkınlık ve immünolojik faktörlerin önemli rolü olduğu düşünülmektedir. İndolamin 2,3-dioksijanaz kinürenin yolağının immünoinflamatuvar etkileri olan hız sınırlayıcı enzimidir. Bu çalışmada trinitrobenzen sülfonik asitle indüklenmiş rat kolit modelindeki, TNF-α inhibitörü infliximab ve poli(ADP-riboz) polimeraz inhibitörü olan 3-aminobenzamidin IDO enzim aktivitesine ve kolon dokusundaki enzimin protein düzeyine olan etkileri incelendi. Serum IDO aktivitesi olarak değerlendirilen kinürenin/triptofan oranı ve doku IDO protein düzeyleri bakımından tedavi grupları, tedavi uygulanmamış kolit grubu ve kontrol grubu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark gözlenmedi. TNF-α düzeyleri, kolit grubunda, 3-aminobenzamid grubunda ve 3-aminobenzamid ile infliximabın birlikte uygulandığı grupta anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu. Sadece infliximab uygulanan grupta kontrol grubuna kıyasla düşük TNF-α düzeyleri gözlendi. Sonuçlar infliximab ve 3- aminobenzamid uygulamasının ratlarda TNBS ile oluşturulan kolit modelinde IDO aktivitesini ve protein düzeyini etkilemediğini göstermiştir.Inflammatory bowel diseases, including both ulcerative colitis and Crohn s disease, are complex, chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disorders of gastrointestinal tract. Their etiologies have not been completely understood however environmental factors, genetic predisposition and immunological factors are thought to have important contributions. İndoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase having immunoinflammatory effects is the rate limiting enzyme of the kynurenine pathway. We evaluated the effects of TNF-α inhibitor, infliximab, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, 3-aminobenzamide on the serum IDO enzyme acitivity and enzyme protein levels of colon tissue in rat colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Kynurenine/tryptophan ratio as a serum IDO activity and IDO protein levels of colon tissues did not show statistically significant difference among treatment groups, nontreated colitis and control groups. TNF-α levels were significantly increased in colitis group, 3-aminobenzamide group and 3- aminobenzamide plus infliximab group. Only decreased TNF-α levels were observed only after infliximab treatment group compared to control group. These results showed that infliximab and/or 3-aminobenzamide treatment did not change IDO activity and levels in TNBS-induced colitis in rat

Serum nerve growth factor (NGF) levels in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

WOS: 000331022700022PubMed: 24361544Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed neurobehavioral disorder of childhood. The etiopathogeny of ADHD has not been totally defined. Recent reports have suggested a pathophysiological role of neurotrophins in ADHD. In this study, we evaluated serum levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) in patients with ADHD. The sample population consisted of 44 child or adolescent patients diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria; 36 healthy subjects were included in the study as controls. Venous blood samples were collected, and NGF levels were measured. The mean serum NGF levels of the ADHD patients were significantly higher than those of the controls. Age and gender of the patients were not correlated with serum NGF levels. There were no significant differences in NGF levels among the combined and predominantly inattentive subtypes of ADHD. Our study suggests that there are higher levels of serum NGF in drug naive ADHD patients, and that increased levels of NGF might have an important role in the pathophysiology of ADHD

Use of Mitoxantrone in Early Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: An Observational Study of 48 Patients with Clinical and MRI Outcomes

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical follow-up, side effects, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of mitoxantrone treatment in patients in the early phase of secondary progressive and exacerbating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. METHODS: Patients that completed and/or were undergoing treatment between 2001 and 2008 were included in the study. All patients were definitive progressive multiple sclerosis patients and met ‘non-responder’ criteria for immunomodulatory the- rapy. They did not have active infection, cardiac disease, or any contraindication for immunosuppressive treatment. Baseline comp- lete blood count, liver function tests, and transthoracic echocardiography were performed. Mitoxantrone was given as induction the- rapy (1 dose per month for 3 months) and then as maintenance therapy (with 3 month periods, 12 mg/m2 until to the cumulative dose was reached). Patients were followed-up regularly for the appearance of any side effects. RESULTS: The study included 33 female and 15 male patients. Mean age was 36.6 ± 7.8 years, mean disease duration was 9.38 ± 4.8 years, mean expanded disease severity scale (EDSS) score was 5.8, and mean treatment duration was 11.16 ± 7.4 months. Fol- lowing the end of treatment, 17 patients were stabilized, 10 improved, and 14 progressed. There were no side effects observed du- ring or after treatment in 16 patients. Among the other 32 patients, the observed side effects were as follows: nausea (n= 18), per- manent leucopenia (n= 1), transient thrombocytopenia (n= 4), alopecia (n= 13), neutropenic fever (n= 1), and amenorrhea (n= 18). MRI follow-up was performed in a subgroup of patients and showed that the lesion loads were stabilized. CONCLUSION: We reported the efficacy, and clinical and MRI follow-up results of multiple sclerosis patients treated with mitoxantro- ne. Patient selection and therapy timing was very important for maximum efficacy. Patients that responded to mitoxantrone treat- ment benefited beginning with the induction phase and their disability was limited or improve

Türkiye´de hematologların transfüzyon tıbbı uzmanlık eğitim hedeflerine ulaşımının öz yeterlilik anketi ile değerlendirilmesi

Background: Proper clinical use of blood andblood products requires competent theoreticaland practical knowledge of transfusion medicine.The Curriculum Development and StandardDetermination System Medical SpecializationBoard is prepared Hematology SpecialistEducation Core Curriculum in Turkey. In thisstudy, we aimed to determine the access ofhematologists to the learning objectives definedby curriculum for the transfusion medicine andthe factors affecting it.Methods: Hematologists who have beenmembers of Turkish Hematology Society since2013 have been included in the study, Thesurvey questions were prepared based on thecurriculum for transfusion medicine. The studywas applied to hematologists with “surveymonkey” application. The questionnaireconsisted of a competence self-assessment withLikert scale and theoretical multiple-choiceknowledge questions.Results: Of the 213 hematologists, 54 (25%)were included in the study. Hematologists ratedtheir competences in the clinical competenceareas as 3,65 ± 0,73 (median 3,60) as “I knowbut not t a sufficient level”. The participants‘perception of competence was “I know, butnot at a sufficient level’” with an average of3.31 ± 0.84 (median3.5) in the blood bankingfield, while the average in hemapheresis andtransfusion medicine was 4.04 ± 0.63 (median4) as “enough”. In interventional procedures,hematologists stated that their vocationalcompetences were 2,79± 0,92 (median 2,93)on average as “I have an idea- I know, but notenough”. The correct answer to 13 theoreticalquestions was an average of 6,96 ± 1,89(median 7). Hematologists performing bloodrotation felt significantly more competent thanthe physicians who could not do the rotation inthe blood bank, blood banking t(52) = -3.9, p <.001 , transfusion medicine and interventionalcompetence t(52) = -2.2, p = .04 . Physicianswho believed that they are sufficient in theblood banking area, were more confident intransfusion medicine r(54) = .67, p <.001 andmanaging interventional procedures r(54) =.85, p <.001.Conclusion: In this study, hematologistsgenerally felt more competent in subjects suchas transfusion and therapeutic apheresis,which they often think of as not having enoughknowledge in the area of blood banking.Hematologists have been more confident inthe field of transfusion medicine as their yearsof expertise increased, but they did not feelbetter equipped in the fields of blood bankingand interventional competence. The currentresults suggested that hematologists who areexpected to be the blood bank supervisors do notinternalize the area of blood banking, are notstrong in their competence, and do not want towork in this area unless they are required.In hematology education curriculum, positiverevisions in education can be achieved byrevising blood banking curriculum and learningobjectives, standardizing blood center rotationswith content and duration, and support fromonline distance education programs.Giriş: Kan ve kan ürünlerinin uygun klinik kullanımı, transfüzyon tıbbı konusunda teorik ve pratik bilgi birikimini gerektirir. Türkiye’de Müfredat Geliştirme ve Standart Belirleme Sistemi Tıbbi Uzmanlık Kurulu tarafından, Hematoloji Uzmanlık Eğitimi Temel Müfredatı hazırlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada hematologların transfüzyon tıbbı müfredatı ile belirlenen öğrenme hedeflerine ulaşımını ve bu durumu etkileyen faktörleri belirlemeyi amaçladık. Metot: 2013 yılından bu yana Türk Hematoloji Derneği üyesi olan hematologlara transfüzyon tıbbı için müfredatı esas alınarak hazırlanan anket “Survey Monkey” uygulaması ile uygulandı. Anket, Likert ölçeği ve teorik çoktan seçmeli bilgi soruları ile öz yeterlilik değerlendirmelerinden oluşuyordu. Sonuçlar: 213 hematologdan 54’ü (%25) çalışmaya katılmıştır. Hematologların yeterlilik algıları klinik yetkinlik alanlarında ortalama 3,65 ± 0,73 (ortanca 3,60) olarak “Biliyorum ama yeterli düzeyde değil”; kan bankacılığı alanında ortalama 3.31 ± 0.84 (ortanca 3.5) puan ile “biliyorum ama yeterli düzeyde değil”; hemaferez ve transfüzyon tıbbı alanında ise ortalama 4.04 ± 0.63 (ortanca 4) “yeterli” olarak ölçüldü. Girişimsel işlemlerde hematologlar mesleki yeterliliklerinin ortalama 2,79± 0,92 (ortanca 2,93) “Bir fikrim var, biliyorum ama yeterli değil” olarak ifade ettiler. 13 teorik sorunun doğru cevabı ortalama 6,96 ± 1,89 idi (ortanca 7). Kan bankası rotasyonu yapan hematologlar yapamayanlara göre kan bankacılığı t(52) = -3.9, p < .001, transfüzyon tıbbı ve girişimsel alanlarda t(52) = -2.2, p = .04 kendilerini çok daha yetkin hissediyordu. Kan bankacılığı alanında yeterli olduğuna inanan hekimler, transfüzyon tıbbında r(54) = .67, p <.001 ve girişimsel işlemlerin r(54) = .85, p <.001yönetiminde de kendilerinden daha eminlerdi. Tartışma: Bu çalışmada, hematologlar genellikle kan bankacılığı alanında yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadığını düşünürken transfüzyon tıbbı ve terapötik aferez gibi konularda kendilerini daha yetkin hissetmistirler. Hematologlar, uzmanlık yılları arttıkça transfüzyon tıbbı alanında kendilerine daha fazla güvenmeye başlarken, kan bankacılığı ve girişimsel yeterlilik alanlarında kendilerini hala yeterli donanımda hissetmiyorlardı. Mevcut sonuçlar, hematologların kan bankacılığı alanını içselleştirmediklerini, yetkinliklerinde güçlü olmadıklarını ve gerekli olmadıkça bu alanda çalışmak istemediklerini göstermiştir. Transfüzyon tıbbı müfredatının ve öğrenme hedeflerinin gözden geçirilmesi, kan merkezi rotasyonlarının içerik ve süresinin standartlaştırılması ve çevrimiçi uzaktan eğitim programları ile desteklenmesi hematoloji eğitimine olumlu katkılar sağlayabilir