Wine Bars Inventory in São Paulo (São Paulo, Brazil) and profile of the costumers

Compreender o turismo como fenômeno crescente na sociedade atual é primordial quando se pretende entender as transformações e particularidades sociais decorrentes da vontade de experienciar novas vivências, como é o caso da degustação de vinhos em enobares. A presente pesquisa visou contribuir com o assunto, por meio de um inventário que mapeou os principais enobares (restaurantes que possuem o vinho como primeira ou segunda atração principal) na cidade de São Paulo (Brasil), além de identificar o perfil de seus frequentadores. Enquanto metodologia realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica e empírica de caráter qualitativo: um referencial teórico que trouxesse um breve histórico e conceitos-chave da temática para embasar o estudo, e o inventário desenvolvido utilizando recursos da Web (Google Maps), obtendo assim a localização e informações adicionais dos enobares da cidade. Para análise de perfil dos consumidores, elaboraram-se questionários fechados. A partir da coleta de dados, constatou-se que a maioria dos enobares esteve concentrada na região sul (cerca de 70%), atendendo um público predominantemente masculino de30 a50 anos. Baseando-se no conhecimento e interesse pela bebida, frequência aos enobares, envolvimento em atividades e a presença de adega climatizada em casa, verificou-se que a maioria do público ficou classificado nas categorias casual e interessados.Understanding tourism as a growing phenomenon of current society is primordial when trying to understand the transformation and social particularities derived from the desire to live new experiences, such as wine tasting in wine bars. This research aimed to contribute to the subject through an inventory that mapped the main wine bars (restaurants that have wine as first or second main attraction) in São Paulo and identified the profile of their customers. The methodology was carried out with  literature and empirical research of qualitative type: a theoretical referential that brought a brief history and key concepts of the theme to support the study, and the inventory developed using Web resources (Google Maps), to get the location and additional information about wine bars in the city. To analyze the costumer’s profile, closed questionnaires were elaborated. From the data collection, it was found that most wine bars are concentrated in the southern region (about 70%), attending a predominantly male audience that are around 30-50 years old. Based on knowledge and interest in the drink, the frequency in wine bars, involvement in activities and the presence of wine cellar at home, it was found that most of the public ranks in casual and interested categories

Analysis of the experience of university exchange in the Ciência Sem Fronteiras Program: the substrates of a (trans) formative trip

O turismo se apresenta como fenômeno potencial para experiências significativas, visto que é na viagem que o sujeito está entregue e se entrega ao mundo das vivências por ele próprio escolhidas. Buscando entender o processo de interação e (trans) formação dos sujeitos no mundo vivido, adota-se como ponto de partida o conceito de experiência na perspectiva das abordagens filosóficas e da psicologia, e como objeto de estudo as vivências e substratos resultantes da viagem de intercâmbio. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem por objetivo geral analisar de que forma a viagem de intercâmbio é (trans) formadora para o estudante. Como objetivos específicos, busca-se a) Verificar se as expectativas para a viagem de intercâmbio condizem com as experiências vividas; b) Pontuar as principais experiências da viagem; c) Compreender de que forma elas impactaram na vida do intercambista; e d) Identificar em que contexto elas foram (trans) formadoras para o estudante. Para o seu desenvolvimento, adotou-se o método fenomenológico, numa abordagem qualitativa e explicativa, analisando as experiências de 15 participantes do Programa Ciência Sem Fronteiras. A técnica da coleta de dados utilizada foi entrevista, do qual os relatos foram interpretados a partir da análise de conteúdo. Em linhas gerais, os principais resultados alcançados apontam que as experiências decorrentes da viagem de intercâmbio em sua maioria superam as expectativas pré viagem, pois ao invés de estarem centradas em aspectos ligados aos estudos, o desenvolvimento e crescimento pessoal decorrente das experiências vividas é mais marcante e significativo. Sobre esses momentos marcantes, não foi possível categorizar quais foram as principais experiências, mas vale pontuar que certas vivências são consideradas mais importantes pelo aspecto desafiador, pelo ato de engrandecimento, pela ação de autodescobrir-se e de abrir-se a mudança. No que tange aos impactos, está fortemente relacionado ao ver-se, entender-se e colocar-se no mundo, justificando o aspecto formador encontrado que consistiu em tornar-se autônomo em suas escolhas e decisões a partir do espaço tempo da viagem; já o aspecto transformador está no exercício de ação e reflexão, conscientizando-se dos impactos e oportunidades obtidos a partir do intercâmbio; e, por fim, verificou-se que os substratos desta experiência estão fundamentalmente relacionados com o desenvolvimento pessoal do intercambista no que tange a obter autonomia sobre suas ações, estar disposto a aprender sobre o outro, autoconhecer-se e ter a responsabilidade de contribuir socialmente na sua realidade, o que reforça a relevância do Programa Ciência Sem Fronteiras na realidade brasileira e a potencialidade do intercâmbio em alterar e impactar o cotidiano dos seus participantes e do contexto social a sua voltaTourism presents itself as a potential phenomenon for meaningful experiences, since it is during the trip that the subject is delivered and surrendered to the world of his own chosen experiences. Seeking to understand the process of subjects interaction and (trans) formation in the lived world, the concept of experience from the perspective of psychology and philosophical approaches is adopted as a starting point, and the experiences and substrates resulting from the travel of exchange as object of study. Thus, this paper aims to analyze how the exchange trip is (trans) formative for the student. As specific objectives, we seek to a) Verify if the expectations for the exchange trip match the lived experiences; b) To point out the main experiences of the trip; c) Understand how they affected the exchange student\'s life; and d) Identify in what context they were (trans) formative for the student. For its development, the phenomenological method was adopted, in a qualitative and explanatory approach, analyzing the experiences of 15 participants of the Ciência Sem Fronteiras Program. The data collection technique used was interview, from which the reports were interpreted from the content analysis. In general, the main results achieved indicate that the experiences arising from the exchange trip mostly exceed pre-trip expectations, because instead of being focused on aspects related to studies, the personal development and growth resulting from the lived experiences is more remarkable and significant. About these remarkable moments, it was not possible to categorize which were the main experiences, but it is worth pointing out that certain experiences are considered more important by the challenging aspect, the act of magnification, the action of self-discovery and openness to change. Regarding impacts, it is strongly related to seeing, understanding and placing oneself in the world, justifying the founding aspect of becoming autonomous in their choices and decisions based on the exchange period; The transformative aspect is in the exercise of action and reflection, becoming aware of the impacts and opportunities obtained from the exchange; and finally, it was found that the substrates of this experience are fundamentally related to the personal development of the exchange student in terms of obtaining autonomy over their actions, being willing to learn about the other, self-knowing and having the responsibility to contribute socially in their reality, which reinforces the relevance of the Ciência Sem Fronteiras Program in the Brazilian reality and the potential of the exchange trip to change and impact the daily lives of its participants and the social context around the

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research