Barcoding and Phylogenetic Inferences in Nine Mugilid Species (Pisces, Mugiliformes)

Accurate identification of fish and fish products, from eggs to adults, is important in many areas. Grey mullets of the family Mugilidae are distributed worldwide and inhabit marine, estuarine, and freshwater environments in all tropical and temperate regions. Various Mugilid species are commercially important species in fishery and aquaculture of many countries. For the present study we have chosen two Mugilid genes with different phylogenetic signals: relatively variable mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and conservative nuclear rhodopsin (RHO). We examined their diversity within and among 9 Mugilid species belonging to 4 genera, many of which have been examined from multiple specimens, with the goal of determining whether DNA barcoding can achieve unambiguous species recognition of Mugilid species. The data obtained showed that information based on COI sequences was diagnostic not only for species-level identification but also for recognition of intraspecific units, e.g., allopatric populations of circumtropical Mugil cephalus, or even native and acclimatized specimens of Chelon haematocheila. All RHO sequences appeared strictly species specific. Based on the data obtained, we conclude that COI, as well as RHO sequencing can be used to unambiguously identify fish species. Topologies of phylogeny based on RHO and COI sequences coincided with each other, while together they had a good phylogenetic signal

An integrative description of a new Cephalothrix species (Nemertea: Palaeonemertea) from the South China Sea

Chernyshev, Alexei V., Polyakova, Neonila E. (2021): An integrative description of a new Cephalothrix species (Nemertea: Palaeonemertea) from the South China Sea. Zootaxa 4908 (4): 584-594, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4908.4.1

Distribution and Phylogenetic Position of the Antarctic Ribbon Worm <i>Heteronemertes longifissa</i> (Nemertea, Pilidiophora)

To date, a total of 23 valid species of heteronemerteans belonging to 15 genera have been recorded in Antarctic and Subantarctic waters. The ribbon worm Heteronemertes longifissa (Hubrecht, 1887) is the only heteronemertean species reported to have bipolar distribution, but this statement is doubtful. The phylogenetic relationships of H. longifissa to other heteronemerteans remain uncertain. A genetic analysis of specimens from Antarctica has shown that the name H. longifissa refers to two sibling species with an uncorrected p-distance of 5.3% in COI. These species differ in body color: one is whitish, and the other is grayish-pink. The species with the whitish body has been reliably identified from off the Norway coast (as Cerebratulus sp. NemBar1383 (BOLD: ACM5920)), i.e., it has a bipolar distribution. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of Lineidae based on five gene markers (COI, 16S, 18S, 28S, and histone H3) has shown the genus Heteronemertes to belong to Lineage D of Clade 2 sensu Kajihara et al., 2022 (crown Lineidae). The phylogenetic positions of four more species of unidentified lineids are currently under discussion

First records of Hubrechtella ijimai (Nemertea, Hubrechtiiformes)&amp;nbsp;from Korea and China

Hubrechtella ijimai is reported for the first time from South Korea (East China Sea) and China (Yellow Sea), about 260&amp;nbsp;and 930 km from the nearest locality in Japan. Additional morphological data, confocal laser scanning microphotographs,&amp;nbsp;and DNA data (COI sequences) are provided. This species possesses high intraspecific genetic COI p-distances&amp;nbsp;for nemerteans (1.6&amp;ndash;6.3%)

Taxonomy and phylogeny of <i>Lineus torquatus</i> and allies (Nemertea, Lineidae) with descriptions of a new genus and a new cryptic species

<p>The heteronemertean genus <i>Lineus</i> Sowerby, 1806 has been badly in need of revision because of its apparent non-monophyly. In this paper, we focus on <i>Lineus torquatus</i> Coe, 1901, one of the heteronemertean species that occur commonly in waters around the North Pacific, as well as a few other allied species distributed in the western North Pacific, including <i>Lineus alborostratus</i> Takakura, 1898 and <i>Cerebratulus montgomeryi</i> Coe, 1901. Based on phylogenetic analyses using <i>16S</i>, <i>COI</i>, <i>28S</i>, <i>18S</i>, and <i>H3</i> gene and <i>ITS</i> sequences, we detected a well-supported clade comprised of heteronemerteans with a frontal white band on the head, to which we add <i>Kulikovia</i> gen. nov. This genus is nested within a more comprehensive, highly supported clade, here named the <i>Siphonenteron</i>-clade, which contains <i>Tenuilineus bicolour</i> (Verrill, 1892), <i>Lineus flavescens</i> Coe, 1905, <i>Siphonenteron bilineatum</i> (Renier, 1804), <i>S.</i> cf. <i>bilineatum</i>, <i>Lineus</i> cf. <i>caputornatus</i>, and <i>Lineus</i> sp. from Guam. Our analyses confirmed the presence of a cryptic species of what was formerly known as the cherry-red and reddish forms of <i>Lineus torquatus</i>, herein described as <i>Kulikovia manchenkoi</i> sp. nov. based on some external characters, internal morphology, and the four genetic markers (<i>COI</i>, <i>16S</i>, <i>H3</i>, and <i>ITS</i>). In contrast to the species pair <i>K. torquata</i>–<i>K. manchenkoi</i>, the reddish form of <i>K. alborostrata</i> does not differ genetically from the typical form of this species. The significance of the external and internal characters for distinguishing cryptic species is discussed.</p> <p><a href="http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9BECBC60-9C82-48EC-AD36-FC564D82A5BC" target="_blank">http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9BECBC60-9C82-48EC-AD36-FC564D82A5BC</a><a href="http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D02B2339-4F65-4517-9B13-DD4AAB0C55C5" target="_blank">http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D02B2339-4F65-4517-9B13-DD4AAB0C55C5</a><a href="http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8D239B62-E655-4721-90F0-A4944DD8A3C7" target="_blank">http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8D239B62-E655-4721-90F0-A4944DD8A3C7</a></p

A histology-free description of a new species of the genus Tetrastemma (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera) from Hawaii and India

Chernyshev, Alexei V., Polyakova, Neonila E., Vignesh, Mohandhas S., Jain, Ruchi P., Sanjeevi, Prakash, Norenburg, Jon L., Rajesh, Rajaian P. (2020): A histology-free description of a new species of the genus Tetrastemma (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera) from Hawaii and India. Zootaxa 4808 (2): 379-383, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4808.2.1

Case 3849 – Emplectonematidae Bürger, 1904 and Emplectonema Stimpson, 1857 (Nemertea, Monostilifera): proposed conservation of current usage by reversal of precedence of the family name with respect to Eunemertidae Joubin, 1894 and designation of a new type species for the genus

The purpose of this application, under Articles 23.9.3, 41, 65.2, and 70.2 of theCode, is to conserve the current usage and year of priority of the name Emplectonematidae Bürger, 1904 for a family of ribbon worms by reversing its precedence with respect toa senior synonym, E unemertidae Joubin, 1894, and to conserve the current concept andusage of its type genus, Emplectonema Stimpson, 1857, by designating Emplectonemaviride Stimpson, 1857 as the type species. In preparation for these rulings, a common typespecies, Nemertes gracilis Johnston, 1837, is designated herein for the nominal generaNemertes Johnston, 1837 (a largely neglected junior homonym of Nemertes Cuvier, 1816)and Eunemertes Joubin, 1894, thereby rendering the latter an objective junior synonym ofthe former and of its valid substitute name. The type species of Nemertes Cuvier, 1816was excluded from N emertidae sensu McIntosh, 1874 and sensu Hubrecht, 1879, which,having been recognized as a valid grouping by later authors, required a new name. Ofthe two available candidates, Eunemertidae Joubin, 1894 has been almost unused sincethe 1900s, whereas Emplectonematidae Bürger, 1904 has been in universal use sinceits proposal. The latter name has an uncertain date of priority; 1874, 1894 or 1904,depending on whether and how Art. 40.2 applies to it. Emplectonema viride Stimpson,1857, or its senior synonym Emplectonema gracile (Johnston, 1837), has universally beenregarded as the type species of Emplectonema since the 1950s; however, two overlookedfixations in 1892 and 1893 of Borlasia camillea Quatrefages, 1846 as the type speciesof this genus now threaten the stability of nemertean genus- and family-level taxonomy.Fil: Kajihara, Hiroshi. Hokkaido University; JapónFil: Grygier, Mark J.. National Taiwan Ocean University; ChinaFil: Andrade, Sónia C. S.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Bartolomaeus, Thomas. Universitat Bonn; AlemaniaFil: Cherneva, Irina A.. Lomonosov Moscow State University; RusiaFil: Chernyshev, Alexei V.. Russian Academy Of Science; RusiaFil: von Döhren, Jörn. Universitat Bonn; AlemaniaFil: Ellison, Christina I.. University of Oregon; Estados UnidosFil: Gibson, Ray. Liverpool John Moores University (liverpool John M. University);Fil: Giribet, Gonzalo. Harvard University; Estados UnidosFil: Hiebert, Terra. University of Oregon; Estados UnidosFil: Hookabe, Natsumi. University of Tokyo; JapónFil: Junoy, Juan. Universidad de Alcalá. Facultad de Ciencias; EspañaFil: Kvist, Sebastian. Royal Ontario Museum; CanadáFil: Maslakova, Svetlana A.. University of Oregon; Estados UnidosFil: Mendes, Cecili B.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Norenburg, Jon L.. National Museum Of Natural History. Departamento de Zoología. Area de Invertebrados; Estados UnidosFil: Polyakova, Neonila E.. Russian Academy Of Science; RusiaFil: Sagorny, Christina. Universitat Bonn; AlemaniaFil: Schwartz, Megan L.. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Strand, Malin. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; SueciaFil: Sun, Shichun. Ocean University Of Chin; ChinaFil: Turbeville, James M.. Virginia Commonwealth University; Estados UnidosFil: Zattara, Eduardo Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin