Secular changes in body size and menarche age of Javanese adolescent in Yogyakarta

Neni Trilusiana Rahmawati and Janatin Hastuti - Secular changes in body size and menarche age of Javanese adolescent in Yogyakarta Background: Secular changes observed in human development are very sensitive bioindicators of social stresses, social and economic changes, as well as pollution and transformation of the natural environment. Environmental factors, such as nutritional habits, lifestyle and infectious diseases appear to be the main causes of differences in growth and maturation between ethnic and social groups. Objectives: This study was undertaken to know the secular changes in body size and menarche age of Javanese adolescent in Yogyakarta. Methods:The sample consisted of 562 Yogyakarta adolescent (300 girls and 262 boys), ranging from 11 to 18 years of age, measured in August - September 2005. For comparison, data on body size and menarche age of Yogyakarta adolescent examined in 1982 by Aswin et a/ were used. Measurements of stature and height, and menarche age were obtained for two samples of the Yogyakarta adolescent. Means and standard deviation were calculated for each measurement and for menarche age. Results: The results for stature, weight and menarche age of adolescent measured in 2005 wee greater compared with other Javanese Yogyakarta samples adolescent 23 years ago. Significant positive trends in stature, weight and menarche age were apparent between the two samples: 7.37 cm (5.1 %), 9.21 kg (26.1 %) and 16.6 months (10.6 %), respectively. Conclusions: In summary, the results show a positive secular trend in body dimensions (height and weight) and menarche age, and this can be related to improvement in living conditions in Yogyakarta, especially during t he last 23 years. Key words: secular change - anthropometric - menarche age - adolescen

Physical comparison between Rampasasa Pygmy and Yogyakarta children of Indonesia

ABSTRACTIn growth studies, somatotyping allows one to characterize changes in physique during growth in order to monitor growth patterns and to better understand variations in adult physique. Information on the physique of children with short stature is limited In Indonesia the study of somatotype for Pygmy children had never been done. The aims of this study were to compare the physiques of Rampasasa Pygmy and Yogyakarta children and to evaluate factors that might lead to variability in physiques. The sample consisted of 61 Rampasasa Pygmy (32 boys and 29 girls) and 319 Javanese children in Yogyakarta (173 boys and 146 girls) aged 8–13 years. Height, weight, biepicondylar breadths of the humerus and femur, calf and upper arm circumferences, and skinfolds (at triceps, subscapula, calf, and supraspine) were measured on each subject. We used somatotyped by the Heath-Carter method. The results showed that the Pygmy children were shorter, lighter, and less endomorphic than the Yogyakarta children. Our findings suggest that the observed differences between Rampasasa Pygmy and Yogyakarta children could be related mainly to environment background in the two areas

Anthropometric characteristics of four groups of indigenous people of Wallacea in East Indonesia

The human body size varies significantly around the world, both between and within populations. Likewise, ethnic diversity has a significant effect on anthropometric data differences for the Naulu, Tana Ai, Bugis and Rampasasa tribes, in Wallacea, East Indonesia. Six body dimensions were collected from 484 people, 219 males and 265 females in the age from 18 to 80 years. The statistical analysis included tabulating the means and standard deviations for the various body dimensions and proportions. A one-way ANOVA with post hoc LSD test was performed to determine significant differences between the means of anthropometric dimensions and proportions, as well as within the four ethnic groups. There are significant differences (p<0.01) among the four ethnic groups and two sexes in most measurements taken. The post-hoc LSD test indicated that the Naulu male has the largest body size compared to the Tana Ai, Bugis, and Rampasasa tribes. The Naulu have a large body size, a long trunk, broad shoulders, and long legs. Tana Ai and Bugis people have nearly identical characteristics, namely a medium body, long trunk, narrow shoulders and hips, whereas Rampasasa people have a small body size, with a long trunk, narrow shoulders and a wide pelvis. The Naulu and Bugis people have trapezoidal trunks, while the Tana Ai and Rampasasa people have rectangular trunks. In conclusion, the tribes in the Wallace area of East Indonesia have a wide variety of physical characteristics. Further research is needed to understand how changes in technology, development, transportation and large migration flows affect the demographic and physical characteristics of ethnic groups in Indonesia

The facial measurements in health workers at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta

The appropriate mask is based on facial anthropometric measurements that may be affected by sex, race, age, and body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to determine the difference and relationship between the bizygomatic width (BW) and nasion-menton height (NMH) with sex and BMI in health workers. This descriptive-analytical study used a cross-sectional method. The subjects were 39 health workers (nurses and doctors) at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta consisting of 15 male subjects and 24 female subjects, aged between 25-55 years old. Anthropometric measurements were performed on the subjects, including body weight, height, NW, and NMH. The data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, independent t-test, and Pearson’s test. There was a significant difference in the BW between male and female subjects (p0.05). The Pearson’s test results showed no significant relationship between the BW with BMI in both the male subjects (r=0.351; p=0.199) and the female subjects (r=0.349; p=0.094), and between the nasion-menton height with BMI in both the male subjects (r=0.101; p=0.721) and the female subjects (r=0.390, p=0.060). In conclusion, the males’ BW was larger than the female health workers. It is necessary to consider facial anthropometric measurements in face mask manufacturing to provide comfort and good protection

REKONSTRUKSI KEHIDUPAN INDIVIDU DARI TERJAN: SEBUAH HIPOTESIS

Abstract. Reconstruction of An Individual’s Life from Terjan, Central Java: A Hypotheses. This article discusses an individual from Terjan megalithic site in Central Java, Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to reconstruct the life of the individual in the past based on their bones. The skeleton is in a quite complete condition with eighty percent preservation level and curated in The Laboratory of Bioanthropology and Paleoanthropology, Gadjah Mada University. The methods that will be used for this research is macroscopical analysis without using any destructive methods. The results from this research show a male individual with age at death between 40 - 45 years old. This individual has osteophytes in some vertebrae. His right radius was fractured midshaft. Possibly caused by withholding his body when he fell. His dental condition showed heavy loss of teeth either maxilla and mandible. He had heavy attrition on the only 6 teeth which present, linear hypoplasia on right canine, and a sign of dental modification (pangur) on the right canine. Based on his burial goods and dental condition, there are possibilities that this individual had low-class status. &nbsp; Abstrak. Artikel ini&nbsp; membahas tentang seorang individu dari Situs Megalitik Terjan, Jawa Tengah. Tujuan&nbsp; penelitian ini adalah untuk merekonstruksi kehidupan individu tersebut pada masa lampau berdasarkan tinggalan tulang-belulangnya. Pada saat ini rangka tersebut berada dalam keadaan cukup lengkap dengan tingkat preservasi mencapai delapan puluh persen dan disimpan di Laboratorium Bioantropologi dan Paleoantropologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis makroskopis tanpa menggunakan proses destruktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa individu ini adalah seorang laki-laki berumur sekitar 40-45 tahun ketika mati. Individu tersebut memiliki osteopit pada beberapa ruas tulang belakangnya. Radius kanannya patah pada bagian tengah yang kemungkinan terjadi ketika menahan beban tubuhnya saat jatuh. Kondisi gigi-geliginya menunjukkan bahwa dia telah kehilangan banyak gigi, baik di maksila&nbsp; maupun mandibula. Terdapat atrisi tingkat lanjut pada keenam giginya yang tersisa dan juga linear hypoplasia dan modifikasi gigi (pangur) pada gigi kaninus kanannya. Berdasarkan bekal &nbsp;kubur yang sederhana dan kondisi gigi-geliginya, ada kemungkinan bahwa individu ini berada &nbsp;pada tingkat sosial yang rendah

Physical comparison between Rampasasa Pygmy and Yogyakarta children of Indonesia

ABSTRACT In growth studies, somatotyping allows one to characterize changes in physique during growth in order to monitor growth patterns and to better understand variations in adult physique. Information on the physique of children with short stature is limited In Indonesia the study of somatotype for Pygmy children had never been done. The aims of this study were to compare the physiques of Rampasasa Pygmy and Yogyakarta children and to evaluate factors that might lead to variability in physiques. The sample consisted of 61 Rampasasa Pygmy (32 boys and 29 girls) and 319 Javanese children in Yogyakarta (173 boys and 146 girls) aged 8–13 years. Height, weight, biepicondylar breadths of the humerus and femur, calf and upper arm circumferences, and skinfolds (at triceps, subscapula, calf, and supraspine) were measured on each subject. We used somatotyped by the Heath-Carter method. The results showed that the Pygmy children were shorter, lighter, and less endomorphic than the Yogyakarta children. Our findings suggest that the observed differences between Rampasasa Pygmy and Yogyakarta children could be related mainly to environment background in the two areas

The Components of Height and Blood Pressure in Javanese Children

Introduction: Understanding the correlation between body height components and blood pressure in children can encourage proper investment in population-based primary prevention programs and gives benefits in terms of public health and economic well-being. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of stunting and relationship between height, sitting height, leg length, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) in Javanese children in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Methods: This study used a cross sectional method which was conducted on 492 Javanese children aged 6-12 years old (237 boys and 255 girls). All children underwent anthropometric, SBP, and DBP measurements using standard procedures. Height-for-age based on WHO chart was used to define stunting, while leg length was based on the relative subischial leg-length. Statistical analysis was conducted using independent sample t-test and Pearson's correlation test with a significance of p<0.05. Results: It was found that around 22.3% of children were stunted with two thirds of girls. Height components were positively correlated with SBP in boys (r=0.19-0.32, p<0.05) and girls (r:0.22-0.37, p<0.05) as well as DBP in boys (r:0.18-0.24, p<0.05) and girls (r:0.22-0.33, p[removed