Cranial defect reconstruction: arteficial materials and autograft

Postoji veliki broj stanja koja za posledicu mogu imati nastanak defekata lobanje. Od samih početaka hirurgije kao medicinske discipline i veštine, popravka defekata u kostima, koje ostaju posle traume, vaskularne patologije ili tumora, predstavljala je izazov za neurohirurge. Glavni cilj bio je efikasno povratiti normalne barijere koje štite intrakranijalne strukture, obezbediti trajnu ili barem dugotrajnu rekonstrukciju, vratiti pritisak u kranijumu u normalu, što za rezultat često ima povlačenje patoloških neuroloških znakova, kao i postići zadovoljavajuće estetske rezultate. Kako je medicina, a u okviru medicine najviše hirurgija i imunologija, napredovala glavni metod za rekonstrukciju lobanje postala je upotreba koštanih transplantata, rebarnih graftova i graftova kostiju lobanje (split calvaria). Ipak, čak i koštani autograft ima neke nedostatke. U određenim situacijama, rekonstrukcija urađena koštanim graftom može dovesti do specifičnih komplikacija, među kojima su najčešće infekcije i resorpcija koštanog grafta. Kod velikih defekata lobanje, pogotovo kod pacijenata koji se leče od politraume, kost je često polomljena u veliki broj segmenata koji se ne mogu povezati i koristiti na zadovoljavajući način, ili bi ceo proces predugo trajao. Cilj ove doktorske disertacije bio je analizirati slučajeve kranijalnih rekonstrukcija u našoj Klinici u kojima je korišćen metilmetakrilat i koštani autograft, uporediti procenat komplikacija, i bliže objasniti faktore koji na pojavu komplikacija utiču. Konačno, cilj je doći do validnih preporuka za rekonstruktivne hirurge u vezi sa odlukom da li u određenom slučaju treba koristiti metilmetakrilat ili koštani autograft. Istraživanje je urađeno u obliku retrospektivno-prospektivne kohortne studije u koju su bili uključeni pacijenti kojima je urađena kranioplastika u Klinici za neurohirurgiju Vojnomedicinske akademije u Beogradu. Studija je obuhvatila pacijente koji su operisani u periodu od januara 2010. godine do decembra 2013. godine...There are many conditions which can result in cranial defects. Since the very beginnings of surgery as a medical field and craft, the repair of bone defects, often remaining after traumatic, vascular or tumor lesions, represented a challenge for neurosurgeons. The main goal has always been to efficiently repair the barriers protecting the intracranial structures, allow for a permanent or at least semi-permanent reconstruction, restore the cranial pressure to its normal state, resulting also in the normalization of pathological neurological signs, as well as achieve satisfactory esthetic results. As medicine, and most importantly surgery and immunology progressed, so have progressed the different methods available for skull reconstruction. The main methods have become the use of bone auto transplants, rib grafts and split calvaria grafts. Nevertheless, even the bone auto graft can have some disadvantages. In some situations, a reconstruction done using a bone auto graft can lead to specific complications, most commonly infection and resorption of the bone graft. In large bone defects, especially in patients treated for polytrauma, the bone is often broken into a large number of small segments which cannot be put together in a satisfactory fashion, or the whole process would last too long. The aim of this doctoral dissertation was to analyze all the patients treated at our Clinic to whom the cranial reconstruction was done using autologous bone and methilmethacrylate, to compare the number and percentage of complications, and closer explain the factors which could influence them. Finally, the aim was to arrive to valid recommendations for reconstructive surgeons regarding the decision to use methilmethacrylate or bone auto graft in specific situations. This study was done as a retrospective-prospective cohort study in which all patients to whom a cranial reconstruction was done using autologous bone or methilmethacrylate in the period from January 2010 until December 2013 were included..

Udeo tkiva u svinjskom butu u zavisnosti od genotipa, pola i godišnjeg doba

The study included 201 offspring (108 castrated males and 93 females) of Landrace (L), Large White (LW) and Pietrain (P) sires. The studied animals were of following genotype: Landrace (L; n = 48); two breed crosses with 50:50 share of parental breeds (LWxL, n=32; and PxL, n=23), two breed crosses with 75% of paternal breed [Lx(♀LWxL), n=35] and [LWx(♀LxWL) n=38] and three breed crosses [Px(♀LWxL) n=25]. Animals included in this study were born during four seasons: winter (n=38), spring (n=65), summer (n=40) and autumn (n=58). Studies have shown that, at an average weight of warm carcass side of 81.20 kg, the highest average values for the weight of round (RW; 10.204 kg), the weight of intermuscular fatty tissue (RINT; 0.478 kg), bone tissue (RBT; 0.850 kg) and muscle tissue (RMT, 7.552 kg) in the round, were established in three-breed crosses of Px (LWxL) genotype compared to other genotypes. The least skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue (RST; 1.269 kg) was recorded in two breed crosses PxL. They had less skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue by 454 g and 467 grams, respectively, compared to two breed crosses (LWxL) and LWx (♀LxLW). Research has shown that there is a genotype on a farm that gives more muscle tissue in the round by 1.521 kg [Px (♀LWxL): LWx (♀LWxL)] with the same weight of warm carcass side, which is a very large difference. With the same average weight of warm carcass side, female animals had higher average weight of the round and yield of muscle tissue compared to male castrated animals. The effect of genotype (P lt 0.001) on all investigated traits was recorded, also the effect of the season of birth on the skin and subcutaneous fat tissue and on the weight of intermuscular fat in the round was recorded. The effect of sex/gender was significant (P lt 0.01) on the weight of skin and subcutaneous fat and on the weight of the muscle tissues in the round but no significant effect on other tested properties (P> 0.05) was observed.Istrativanje je obuhvatilo 201 potomka (108 kastriranih mužjaka i 93 ženke) očeva nerastova rase landras (L), jorkšir (LW) i pijetren (P). Ispitane životinje su bile sledećeg genotipa: landras (L; n = 48); dvorasni melezi sa 50:50 učešća roditeljskih rasa (LWxL, n=32; i PxL, n = 23), dvorasni melezi sa 75% roditeljske rase [Lx(♀LWxL), n=35] i [LWx(♀LxWL) n=38] i trorasni melezi [Px(♀LWxL) n=25]. Životinje uključene u ovo istraživanje rođene su tokom četiri godišnja doba: zima (n=38), proleće (n=65), leto (n=40) i jesen (n=58). Istraživanja su pokazala da su pri prosečnoj težini tople polutke od 81,20 kg, najveće prosečne vrednosti za masu buta (RW; 10,204 kg), masu međumišičnog masnog tkiva (RINT; 0,478 kg), koštanog tkiva (R T; 0,850 kg) i mišićnog tkiva (RMT, 7,552 kg) u butu, utvrđeni kod trostranih meleza Px(LWxL) genotipa u poređenju s drugim genotipima. Najmanje kože i potkožnog masnog tkiva (RST; 1,269 kg) zabeleženo je kod dvorasnih meleza PxL. Imali su manje kože i potkožnog masnog tkiva za 454 g, odnosno 467 grama, u poređenju sa dvorasnim melezima (LWxL) i LWx (♀LxLW). Istraživanja su pokazala da na farmi postoji genotip koji daje više mišićnog tkiva u butu za 1.521 kg [Px (♀LWxL): LWx (♀LWxL)] sa istom masom tople polutke, što je vrlo velika razlika. Sa istom prosečnom masom tople polutke, ženska grla su imala veću prosečnu masu buta i prinos mišićnog tkiva u poređenju sa kastriranim muškim životinjama. Zabeležen je uticaj genotipa (P lt 0,001) na sve ispitivane osobine, takođe, zabeležen je uticaj sezone rođenja na kožu i potkožno masno tkivo i na masu intermuskularne masti buta. Uticaj pola je bio značajan (P lt 0,01) na masu kože i potkožnog masnog tkiva i na masu mišićnog tkiva buta, ali nije primećen značajan uticaj na druga ispitivana svojstva (P>0,05)

Sinteza, karakterizacija i procena antioksidativne i antimikrobne aktivnosti tri nova n-heteroaromatična hidrazonil-tiazola

(Thiazolyl-2-yl)hydrazones (THs) are a group of organic compounds containing both hydrazone and 1,3-thiazole pharmacophores present in many approved drugs. They have been investigated greatly in recent years due to potent anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antituberculosis, anti-inflammatory, and antiparasitic activities. In this study, one pyridine-based and two quinoline-based, novel THs were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The antimicrobial activity of the compounds was tested against five Gram-positive and five Gram-negative bacteria, as well as against three fungi. The antioxidant capacity of the compounds was tested in six antioxidative assays. The results showed that quinoline-based THs were more active against tested Gram-negative bacteria and fungi strains than pyridine-based compounds. All the compounds showed excellent antioxidative activity comparable to or greater than the used standards (vitamin C and Trolox). Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) parameters were calculated in-silico. Results pointed to promising good pharmacokinetics profiles of investigated compounds, especially 2-quinoline carboxaldehyde-based compound, which can be a lead drug candidate.(Tiazolil-2-il)-hidrazoni (TH) su grupa organskih jedinjenja koja sadrže i hidrazon i 1,3-tiazol farmakofore koje su prisutne u mnogim odobrenim lekovima. Poslednjih godina se u velikoj meri istražuju zbog jakih antikancerogenih, antibakterijskih, antifungalnih, antituberkuloznih, antiinflamatornih i antiparazitskih aktivnosti. U ovoj studiji, sintetisan je jedan novi TH na bazi piridina i dva na bazi hinolina, koji su okarakterisani elementalnom analizom, infracrvenom spektroskopijom sa Furijeovom transformacijom (FTIR) i spektroskopijom nuklearne magnetne rezonancije (NMR). Antimikrobna aktivnost jedinjenja je testirana na pet Gram-pozitivnih i pet Gram-negativnih bakterijskih sojeva, kao i na tri soja gljivica. Šest antioksidativnih testova je korišćeno za određivanje antioksidativnog kapaciteta sintetisanih jedinjenja. Rezultati su pokazali da su TH na bazi hinolina aktivniji prema testiranim Gram-negativnim sojevima bakterija i prema gljivicama, nego jedinjenja na bazi piridina. Sva jedinjenja su pokazala odlično antioksidativno dejstvo, uporedivo ili veće od korišćenih standarda (vitamin C i troloks). Parametri apsorpcije, distribucije, metabolizma, izlučivanja i toksičnosti (ADME) izračunati su in-silico. Rezultati ukazuju na dobre farmakokinetičke profile ispitivanih jedinjenja, posebno jedinjenja na bazi 2-hinolinkarboksaldehida koje ima potencijal da bude kandidat za osnovno jedinjenje (engl. lead compound)

Uporedna analiza naseljavanja jelenske divljači u ograđena uzgajališta

This paper presents the results of red deer settling in the large forest complexes in Serbia, south of the rivers Sava and Danube. Comparative analysis was carried out in 4 hunting-rearing centres - Lomnička Reka, Miloševa Voda, Kumovac and Valmište. It was found that the pre-project activities and phase planning of red deer settling are mainly performed pursuant to the IUCN guidelines for reintroduction. However, the preparation and settling of the initial stock have not been performed professionally. After settling in the hunting-rearing centres, red deer adapted to the new site, but its complete monitoring was performed only while the initial stock was in the initial ground. According to the criteria for the assessment of the reintroduction success, settlement of red deer in "Lomnička Reka", "Miloševa Voda" and "Valmište" so far can be assessed as successful. However, the most important goal of the settling, to form natural populations which enable a normal hunting management has not yet been achieved.U radu su prikazani rezultati naseljavanja jelenske divljači u velike šumske komplekse Srbije, južno od Save i Dunava. Uporedna analiza je izvršena za 4 ograđena uzgajališta - Lomnička reka, Miloševa voda, Kumovac i Valmište. Ustanovljeno je da su pred projektne aktivnosti i faza planiranja naseljavanja jelenske divljači, uglavnom, izvršene u skladu sa IUCN uputstvima za reintrodukcije. Nasuprot tome, priprema i naseljavanje početnog zapata nisu izvršene na profesionalan način. Posle naseljavanja u ograđena uzgajališta, jelenska divljač se dobro prilagodila na novo stanište, ali je njen potpuni monitoring izvršavan samo dok je početni zapat bio u prihvatilištu. Prema kriterijumima za ocenjivanje uspeha reintrodukcije, dosadašnje naseljavanje jelenske divljači u "Lomničkoj reci", "Miloševoj vodi" i "Valmištu" može da se oceni kao uspešno. Međutim, najvažniji cilj započetog naseljavanja da se formiraju prirodne populacije koje omogućuju normalno lovno gazdovanje, još nije ostvaren

ZAŠTO POKRENUTI SOCIJALNO PREDUZEĆE?

Bosnu i Hercegovinu karakteriziraju niska ekonomska aktivnost, velika nezaposlenost, nekonkurentna radna snaga, veliki odljev radne snage u reproduktivnoj dobi, a sve navedeno rezultira velikom socijalnom isključenošću, nepovoljnom dobnom strukturom, strukturnom nezaposlenošću i siromaštvom. Cilj ovog rada je stvoriti učinkovit model za smanjenje socijalnih problema koji opterećuju BiH. Fokus rada su socijalna poduzeća, kao učinkovit model organizacije potpore marginaliziranim skupinama, kao i zapošljavanje pripadnika teže zapošljivih kategorija, čija je nezaposlenost uzrokovana nedostatkom kompetencija, invaliditetom i slično. Ni razvijene zemlje nisu u stanju pružiti materijalnu pomoć socijalno isključenima koja će zadovoljiti njihove osnovne životne potrebe. Autori su koristili rezultate svojih istraživanja i analizirali socijalnu ekonomiju u drugim zemljama te primjere uspješne prakse. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na važnost pokretanja socijalnih poduzeća koja su značajno doprinijela smanjenju nezaposlenosti i broja ljudi u stanju socijalne potrebe. Neophodna je podrška vlade i društva u cjelini. Ovaj rad nastoji dokazati da je moguće poboljšati sustav socijalne zaštite i potaknuti razvoj poduzetništva primjenom odgovarajućih modela koji će povezati gospodarske sektore i socijalnu zaštitu

Electronic Principles of Hydrogen Incorporation and Dynamics in Metal Hydrides

An approach to various metal hydrides based on electronic principles is presented. The effective medium theory ( EMT) is used to illustrate fundamental aspects of metal-hydrogen interaction and clarify the most important processes taking place during the interaction. The elaboration is extended using the numerous existing results of experiment and calculations, as well as using some new material. In particular, the absorption/desorption of H in the Mg/MgH2 system is analyzed in detail, and all relevant initial structures and processes explained. Reasons for the high stability and slow sorption in this system are noted, and possible solutions proposed. The role of the transition-metal impurities in MgH2 is briefly discussed, and some interesting phenomena, observed in complex intermetallic compounds, are mentioned. The principle mechanism governing the Li-amide/imide transformation is also discussed. Latterly, some perspectives for the metal-hydrides investigation from the electronic point of view are elucidated

Kombinirano liječenje rupturirane aneurizme srednje moždane arterije praćene subarahnoidnim krvarenjem i akutnim subduralnim hematomom u višestrukoj aneurizmatskoj bolesti krvnih žila mozga: prikaz slučaja

Aneurysms of blood vessels at the base of the brain are pathological focal outpouchings, usually found at the branching points of the arteries. Aneurysm can remain silent for life. Clinical presentation is due to rupture and bleeding. In only 1.3% of cases it results in subdural hematoma, which is associated with direct interaction of the aneurysm with the basal arachnoid membrane. Multiple aneurysms are present in 15% to 33% of cases with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Assessment of these patients is more complicated, as there are no specific signs to pinpoint/detect the aneurysm that has ruptured. This report presents a 44-year-old female patient suffering from multiple cerebral aneurysm disease, who was urgently treated after rupture by both endovascular (for multiple aneurysms) and surgical (for acute subdural hematoma) approach in the same act under general anesthesia, which resulted in complete recovery of the patient.Aneurizme krvnih žila na bazi mozga su žarišna patološka proširenja koja se obično nalaze na račvanju arterija. Mogu ostati klinički nijeme cijelog života. Klinička slika nastaje zbog rupture i krvarenja. Samo u 1,3% slučajeva rezultira pojavom subduralnog hematoma, što je u vezi s izravnom interakcijom aneurizme i bazalne arahnoidne membrane. Višestruke aneurizme su prisutne u 15% do 33% bolesnika sa subarahnoidnim krvarenjem. Pristup ovakvim bolesnicima je složen, jer ne postoje specifični znaci koji bi ukazali na ili otkrili aneurizmu koja je rupturirala. Ovaj prikaz opisuje bolesnicu u dobi od 44 godine s višestrukom aneurizmatskom bolešću mozga koja je nakon rupture hitno podvrgnuta endovaskularnom (zbog višestrukih aneurizma) i kirurškom (zbog akutnog subduralnog hematoma) terapijskom zahvatu u istom aktu u općoj anesteziji, što je rezultiralo njezinim potpunim oporavkom

Nature of Bonding in MgH2:TM Doped Systems

Ab initio electronic structure calculations of the Mg 15 TMH 32 (TM – transition metal) systems for the entire 3d TM series have been performed using full-potential (linearized) augmented plane waves method with addition of the local orbitals ). Details of bonding and th e mechanism of the TM impurities influence on stability of MgH2 were investigated by means of electronic structure change after the TM impurities insertion into MgH2 and using the “atoms in molecules” (AIM) Bader’s charge density topology analysis. Obtained trends show that nature of TM-H bonding along the series change in a sense of directional bonding contribution rise, with maximum effect for late 3d metals Co and Ni. The effect of charge redistribution is nevertheless local and it in general weakens Mg-H bonds and the surrounding MgH2 matrix