Comparison of the lipid profile, blood pressure, and dietary habits of adolescents and children descended from hypertensive and normotensive individuals

OBJECTIVE: To compare blood pressure, lipid profile, food intake, and anthropometric data of adolescents with or without a familial history of hypertension. METHODS: Forty-three adolescents from both sexes were assessed, with ages ranging from 11 to 18 years old. Twenty had hypertensive parents, and 23 had normotensive parents. The following variables were examined: blood pressure, food intake, anthropometric data, lipid profile, and the results of following dietary guidelines (American Heart Association). RESULTS: The offspring of hypertensive parents had greater baseline systolic blood pressure (109 ± 3 vs. 99 ± 2 mm Hg, P=0.01), diastolic blood pressure (68 ± 2 vs. 62 ± 2 mm Hg, p=0.04), greater TC/HDL-C ratio (4.1 ± 0.3 vs. 3.2 ± 0.2, P<0.01), and greater LDL/HDL-C (2.7 ± 0.2 vs. 1.9 ± 0.1, P<0.01), and smaller values of HDL-C (43 ± 2 vs.53 ± 2 mg/dL, P<0.005). Dietary intake and anthropometric measures assessed did not differ between the groups. Even though dietary intervention resulted in reductions in body mass index (21.0± 1.2 vs. 20.1 ± 1.1 kg/m², P<0.01), it did not change dyslipidemia present in the offspring of hypertensive individuals. CONCLUSION: Increased blood pressure levels and less favorable lipid profiles are found among offspring of hypertensive parents, where low levels of HDL-C were the most relevant finding regardless of anthropometric or nutritional variables.OBJETIVO: Comparar a pressão arterial, o perfil lipídico, o consumo alimentar e dados antropométricos em adolescentes com ou sem antecedente familiar de hipertensão arterial. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 43 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária entre 11 a 18 anos, sendo 20 filhos de hipertensos e 23 de normotensos e examinados: a pressão arterial, o consumo alimentar, dados antropométricos, o perfil lipídico e o resultado da orientação dietética (American Heart Association). RESULTADOS: Os filhos dos hipertensos mostraram maiores valores basais de pressão arterial sistólica (109 ± 3 vs. 99 ± 2 mm Hg, p=0,01) e diastólica (68 ± 2 vs. 62 ± 2 mm Hg, p=0,04), da relação CT/HDL-c (4,1 ± 0,3 vs. 3,2 ± 0,2, p<0.01) e de LDL-c/HDL-c (2,7 ± 0,2 vs. 1,9 ± 0,1, p<0,01) e menores valores de HDL-c (43 ± 2 vs. 53 ± 2 mg/dL, p<0,005). O consumo alimentar e medidas antropométricas analisadas não diferiram entre os grupos. A intervenção dietética, embora tenha resultado em reduções no índice de massa corpórea (21,0± 1,2 vs. 20,1 ± 1,1 kg/m², p<0,01), não modificou a dislipidemia presente nos filhos de hipertensos. CONCLUSÃO: Encontraram-se maiores níveis de pressão arterial e perfil lipídico mais desfavorável entre filhos de hipertensos, onde os níveis baixos de HDL-c foram o achado mais relevante e independente de variáveis antropométricas ou nutricionais.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Risk factors, biochemical markers, and genetic polymorphisms in early coronary artery disease

OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk factors, lipid and apolipoprotein profile, hemostasis variables, and polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein AI-CIII gene in early coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: Case-control study with 112 patients in each group controlled by sex and age. After clinical evaluation and nutritional instruction, blood samples were collected for biochemical assays and genetic study. RESULTS: Familial history of early CAD (64 vs 39%), arterial hypertension (69 vs 36%), diabetes mellitus (25 vs 3%), and previous smoking (71 vs 46%) were more prevalent in the case group (p<0.001). Hypertension and diabetes were independent risk factors. Early CAD was characterized by higher serum levels of total cholesterol (235 ± 6 vs 209 ± 4 mg/dL), of LDL-c (154 ± 5 vs 135 ± 4 mg/dL), triglycerides (205 ± 12 vs 143 ± 9 mg/dL), and apolipoprotein B (129 ± 3 vs 105 ± 3 mg/dL), and lower serum levels of HDL-c (40 ± 1 vs 46 ± 1 mg/dL) and apolipoprotein AI (134 ± 2 vs 146 ± 2mg/dL) [p<0.01], in addition to an elevation in fibrinogen and D-dimer (p<0.02). The simultaneous presence of the rare alleles of the APO AI-CIII genes in early CAD are associated with hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.03). CONCLUSION: Of the classical risk factors, hypertension and diabetes mellitus were independently associated with early CAD. In addition to an unfavorable lipid profile, an increase in the thrombotic risk was identified in this population. An additive effect of the APO AI-CIII genes was observed in triglyceride levels.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) EPMUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Computational modeling with spiking neural networks

This chapter reviews recent developments in the area of spiking neural networks (SNN) and summarizes the main contributions to this research field. We give background information about the functioning of biological neurons, discuss the most important mathematical neural models along with neural encoding techniques, learning algorithms, and applications of spiking neurons. As a specific application, the functioning of the evolving spiking neural network (eSNN) classification method is presented in detail and the principles of numerous eSNN based applications are highlighted and discussed

EFFECTS OF EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED PAROXYSMAL ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA ON RENAL-FUNCTION IN DOGS

UNIV FED UBERLANDIA,DEPT CLIN MED,UBERLANDIA,MG,BRAZILWeb of Scienc

Efeitos do exercício agudo na lipemia pós-prandial em homens sedentários Effects of acute exercise on postprandial lipemia in sedentary men

OBJETIVO: Examinar os efeitos de uma sessão isolada de exercício físico isométrico na trigliceridemia pós-prandial em homens sedentários com valores de triglicérides em jejum < 150 mg/dl (NTG) ou > 150 mg/dl (TG ALT). MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 27 indivíduos (10 NTG e 17 TG ALT), com idade entre trinta e 55 anos. Os triglicérides foram determinados no início, e após duas, quatro e seis horas da ingestão oral de uma solução com 50g/m² de gordura em duas oportunidades, em repouso e após exercício isométrico em esteira. RESULTADOS: O exercício agudo não modificou os níveis pós-prandiais de triglicérides, ou a área sob a curva (AUC) de triglicérides. Entretanto, o padrão anormal da curva de lipemia pós-prandial associou-se a maior trigliceridemia basal com exercício (TG basais: 147 ± 90 versus 238 ± 89 mg/dl, p = 0,02) e sem exercício (TG basais: 168 ± 93 versus 265 ± 140 mg/dl, p = 0,04). A análise das curvas ROC (receive operating characteristics) mostrou valores de corte de triglicérides basais com atividade física de 166,5 mg/dl (sensibilidade: 0,78; especificidade: 0,72) e AUC de 0,772 [IC 95%: 0,588-0,955], e sem atividade física de 172 mg/dl (sensibilidade: 0,78; especificidade: 0,61) e AUC de 0,722 [IC 95%: 0,530-0,914]. CONCLUSÃO: A trigliceridemia pós-prandial em homens sedentários não foi modificada pelo exercício agudo, sendo os valores basais de triglicérides preditores de uma resposta anormal dos triglicérides pós-prandiais.<br>OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of a single session of isometric physical exercise on postprandial triglyceridemia in sedentary male individuals with fasting triglycerides values < 150 mg/dl (NTG) or > " 150 mg/dl (TG ALT). METHODS: Twenty-seven individuals (10 NTG and 17 TG ALT), aged between 30-55 years were assessed in the study. Triglycerides were determined in the beginning, and at two, four and six hours after the oral ingestion of a solution with 50g/m² of fat in two occasions: at rest and after treadmill isometric exercise. RESULTS: Acute exercise did not affect the levels of postprandial triglycerides or the area under the curve (AUC) of triglycerides. However, the abnormal pattern of postprandial lipemia curve was associated with higher basal triglyceridemia with exercise (basal TG: 147 ± 90 vs. 238 ± 89 mg/dl, p = 0.02) and without exercise (basal TG: 168 ± 93 vs. 265 ± 140 mg/dl, p = 0.04). Analysis of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves showed cut-off values for basal triglycerides with exercise of 166.5 mg/dl (sensitivity: 0.78; specificity: 0.72) and AUC of 0.772 [CI 95%: 0.588-0.955], and without exercise of 172 mg/dl (sensitivity: 0.78; specificity: 0.61) and AUC: 0.722 [CI 95%: 0.530-0.914]. CONCLUSION: Acute exercise did not affect postprandial triglyceridemia in sedentary male individuals, and basal triglyceride levels are predictors of an abnormal response of postprandial triglycerides

Dietary magnesium improves endothelial dependent relaxation of balloon injured arteries in rats

The purpose of the present study was to examine the importance of magnesium in endothelial function after arterial balloon injury. Male Wistar rats were fed normal, high or low concentrations of magnesium. Three weeks later the animals underwent endothelial injury of the thoracic aorta by a balloon catheter or a sham operation. Biochemical, histological and endothelial function analysis were performed 15 days after the surgical treatment. the animals fed a low magnesium diet presented the lowest level of serum magnesium and the highest ionized blood calcium levels. Histomorphometric analysis revealed no differences among groups neither regarding the magnitude of intimal thickening nor the recovery of endothelial coverage. However, when vasoreactivity responses were compared in the balloon-injured group, those animals fed a high magnesium diet had the better endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation. in conclusion, a higher magnesium level in the diet was beneficial to vessels that underwent endothelial injury by balloon catheter. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Med Disciplina Cardiol, BR-04024002 São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Biophys, BR-04024002 São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Pathol, BR-04024002 São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Med Disciplina Cardiol, BR-04024002 São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Biophys, BR-04024002 São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Pathol, BR-04024002 São Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc