Notas preliminares sobre os morcegos do Parque Nacional da Amazônia (Médio Tapajós)

A Study on "bats was made at the Amazon National Park located partly in the state of Para and partly in Amazonas. This Park has an area of 1.000.000 ha. The objectives of the study were to make a survey of the species that exist there and to collect data about their distribution and ecology. Bird nets of 120 to 180 m2 were used to capture the bats; in 10 different places within the accessible area of the Park. One hundred and thirty three individuals of 17 species of 5 families were captured; 11 species from the family Phillostomidae. Carollia is the most common genus. It was concluded that the coexistence of so many different species in a single area is possible because of the diversity in feeding habitat. Frugivorous bats were the most commonly collected but insectivorous, nectivorous and sanguivorous bats were also found. The bat fauna of Manaus, the National Parque of Amazônia, and Belem were compared. Only 11% of the species were found to be in common to the three localities. The fauna of the Park showed greater affinity to that of Manaus than Belem.Estudo sobre morcegos realizado no Parque Nacional da Amazônia, localizado em terras do Pará e Amazonas com 1.000.000 de hectares. Cento e trinta e três indivíduos de 17 espécies de 5 famílias foram capturados, sendo que 12 espécies pertencem à família Phillostomidae. O gênero Carollia é o mais comum. Conclui-se que a coexistência de muitas espécies em um único local é possível devido à diversificação do hábito alimentar. Morcegos frugívoros foram os mais coletados, mas foram encontrados ainda insetívoros. nectarívoros e hematófagos. Foi feita uma comparação da fauna de morcegos entre Manaus, Parque Nacional da Amazônia e Belémsomente 11% das espécies são comuns aos 3 lugares, sendo que a fauna do Parque mostra maior afinidade com a de Manaus

Relating Diet and Capture Time Between two Species of Frugivorous Bats (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae, Stenodermatinae)<br> Relacionando dieta e horários de captura entre duas espécies de morcegos frugívoros (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae, Stenodermatinae)

Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) and Platyrrhinus lineatus (Geoffroy, 1810) are phyllostomid bats that often coexist in the same local and consume the same feed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to obtain data about feeding habits of the two species, relating to their capture times, in the land where is the Universidade Estadual de Londrina, northern Paraná. The samples were attained among September 2010 and May 2011, with 12 960 m2 h of sampling effort. The results analysis contemplated the Shannon Index, Pielou Index and Schoener Index. 250 A. lituratus e 46 P. lineatus were captured, and while the first one consumed fruits from ten vegetable species, the second fed just three species, both preferring the Cecropia spp. and Ficus spp. genus. A. lituratus showed the higher capture peak 30 minutes after the sunset and was collected throughout the period. P. lineatus had its higher peak 01h 45min after nightfall and was captured in short periods. With these outcomes, is possible to imply that P. lineatus has a foraging peak, in the study place, 75 minutes after A. lituratus, avoiding straight competition. A. lituratus showed larger food diversity, indicating higher adaptative potential for this specie than for the other.Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) e Platyrrhinus lineatus (Geoffroy, 1810) são morcegos filostomídeos que frequentemente coexistem num mesmo local e consomem o mesmo alimento. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi obter dados sobre os hábitos alimentares das duas espécies, relacionando-os com seus horários de captura, na região onde se encontra o campus da Universidade Estadual de Londrina no norte do Paraná. As coletas foram realizadas entre Setembro de 2010 e Maio de 2011, com um esforço amostral de 12 960 m2 h. A análise dos resultados contemplou o uso do Índice de Shannon, Índice de Pielou e Índice de Schoener. Capturaram-se 250 A. lituratus e 46 P. lineatus, e o primeiro consumiu frutos de dez espécies vegetais, enquanto o segundo utilizou apenas três espécies, ambos dando preferência aos gêneros Cecropia spp. e Ficus spp. A. lituratus apresentou o maior pico de captura 30 minutos após o pôr-do-sol e foi coletado durante todo o período. P. lineatus teve seu maior pico 01h 45min após o anoitecer e foi capturado em pequenos períodos. Com esses resultados, sugere-se que P. lineatus tem seu pico de forrageamento, no local de estudo, 75 minutos após A. lituratus, evitando competição direta. A. lituratus apresentou maior diversidade de alimentos, indicando maior potencial adaptativo para esta espécie em relação à outra

Behavioral study of Cebus nigritus (Goldfuss, 1809) (Primates, Cebidae) in captivity

The objective of this study was to describe the behavior of Cebus nigritus kept in captivity. The work, carried out during the month of March 2008 at "Dr. Belrio Guimaraes Brandao" County Zoo in GarYa- SP and Monte Alegre Farm Ecological Park in Telemaco Borba- PR, included 48 hours of observations, divided equally in four daytime periods. The behavioral catalogue used was constituted of different categories such as: foraging, feeding, locomotion, rest, social interaction, physical care, alertness, manipulation of things, reproductive behavior and stereotyped behavior. Animals showed activities of foraging, feeding, and locomotion and social interaction in low percentages in the two morning periods; however, their frequencies increased in the afternoon. Other activities like physical care, alertness and stereotyped behavior appeared mainly in the two morning periods, but were reduced in the afternoon. The rest category was more evident early morning and late afternoon. Since the stereotypical behavior presented high percentages, this study recommends that the number of individuals be diversiied in the social organization of the groups and that environment enriching activities be developed in captivity, creating situations similar to the animal's natural habitat

Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in native and reforested areas in Rancho Alegre, Paraná, Brazil

Generally, natural environments have been transformed into small forest remnants, with the consequent habitat loss and species extinction. The North ParanáState is not an exception, since only 2 to 4% of the original ecosystem occurs in small fragments of Stational Semidecidual Forest. We studied the species richness and abundance of bats in two forest fragments from the Fazenda Congonhas, in Rancho Alegre city, Paraná State, Brazil. Four samplings were undertaken in a legally protected native area (107.8ha) and in a reforested area (11.8ha) between April 2007 and March 2008. Samplings began at nightfall and lasted six hours, during two consecutive nights in each location. The individuals were captured using eight mist nets, with the same capture effort in both environments. A total of 397 individuals, 14 species and 10 genera were captured in the native area; while in the reforested area, 105 individuals, six species and four genera. Artibeus lituratus was the most common species in both fragments (n=328, 65.3%), followed by Artibeus fimbriatus (n=44, 8.8%) and Artibeus jamaicensis (n=30, 6.0%). Other species including Platyrrhinus lineatus, Carollia perspicillata, Sturnira lilium, Chrotopterus auritus, Desmodus rotundus, Michronycteris megalotis, Phyllostomus hastatus, Phyllostomus discolor, Myoti levis, Myotis nigricans and Lasiurus blossevillii, accounted for 19.9% of the captures. The native area presented higher values of species richness (S=14) and diversity (H'=1.4802) in comparison to the reforested area (S=6, H'0.57015). The t-test evidenced a significant difference between diversity among the sites (t=7.1075). Chao 1 index indicated that the sampling effort recorded approximately 78% from the total species richness for the native area and 75% for the reforested area. Therefore, the preservation of the forest fragment is essential since it provides habitat for a diverse community of bats. Forest management and reforestation actions may prevent drastic changes in the microclimate of neighboring areas within the forest fragment, and could allow the occupation of available niches in the area, by opportunistic and generalist species