Generalized Electromagnetic fields in Chiral Medium

The time dependent Dirac-Maxwell's Equations in presence of electric and magnetic sources are written in chiral media and the solutions for the classical problem are obtained in unique simple and consistent manner. The quaternion reformulation of generalized electromagnetic fields in chiral media has also been developed in compact, simple and consistent manner

Defence Electronics Applications Laboratoty, Dehradun

A system has been built and tested for automated change detection between multi-temporal panchromatic images. This paper discusses the implementation issues, associated tools, and finally summarises initial tests on IRS IC/ID and other high-resolution images. Key characteristics of this system are integration of technologies having high degree of registration, normalisation of the effects of radiometry; selectivity to specific type of changes, refinement of changes by thresholding, and assignment of presence and absence of object and tools for updation/deletion of change mask. A semi-automatic technique for selection of control points in an image having affine distortion has been implemented. Linear regression is used for normalisation of the images. Two change detection techniques, namely image subtraction and image ratioing have been used to find the global change mask. Selective threshold is used to generate target mask. Target mask is shown in two colours to depict presence and absence of the object. Method based on ratioing has been found to be more sensitive to spectral variations and provides better detection of changes

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTI-TRICHOSPORON ACTIVITY OF PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA LINN

Objective: To evaluate the anti-Trichosporon activity of a medicinal plant, Plumbago zeylanica Linn and to find out the phytochemicals responsible for this activity with the use of four solvent extracts; methanol, ethanol, acetone and chloroform. Methods: To evaluate the antifungal activity, two methods were used. Agar well diffusion assay to determine the diameter of zone of inhibition (in mm) and MIC (in mg/ml) was determined through Tube dilution broth assay. Phytochemical screening for preliminary analysis of secondary metabolites was done through chemical methods. Results: Trichosporon asahii was found to be most sensitive to methanol extract of P. zeylanica with inhibition zone of 35 mm and T. inkin with 30 mm zone of inhibition. MIC results also showed that the methanol extract was most effective in lowest concentration against T. asahii with MIC at 6.2 mg/ml and inhibited T. inkin at 25 mg/ml. Phytochemical screening of plant extracts revealed the presence of certain phyto-constituents like alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, tannins etc. Conclusion: The present study proved the sensitivity of the yeast Trichosporon spp. to different extracts of P. zeylanica. T. asahii was found to be more sensitive towards the extracts. Methanol extract proved to be most effective compared to ethanol, acetone and chloroform as it gave the maximum zones and lowest MIC result. Phytochemical analysis proved the presence of certain phytochemicals which was responsible for their antifungal activity

Quaternion Analysis for Generalized Electromagnetic Fields of Dyons in Isotropic Medium

Quaternion analysis of time dependent Maxwell's equations in presence of electric and magnetic charges has been developed and the solutions for the classical problem of moving charges (electric and magnetic) are obtained in unique, simple and consistent manner

Evaluation of Snow Parameters using Passive Microwave Remote Sensing

The study of snow characteristics using conventional techniques for vast, rugged andremote snow covered areas of Himalayas is very difficult. In the present study, the satellite dataof SSM/I sensor has been used. Changes in snow accumulation result in related variations inpassive microwave brightness temperature. This study attempts to develop new algorithms usingbrightness temperature for snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow depth that will suit theIndian Himalayan conditions. The snow and meteorological data recorded in the field is usedto determine the empirical coefficients, which have been further used in the algorithmdevelopment. The parameters evaluated can be used as the input for the avalanche risk analysis,as one can estimate average snow depth and SWE of the area which are main input for avalancheforecasting. Algorithms are further used for the prediction of snow depth and SWE for subsequentwinters using the brightness temperature. A good correlation was found between the predictedand the observed values from the ground observatory data

Thermal characterization of 3D printable multifunctional graphene‐reinforced polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) composite filaments enabled for smart structural applications

The focus on fillers' influence in high-performance polymer composites has undergone a transformation. Additionally, the utilization of additive manufacturing (AM) in this venture has aroused the curiosity of investigators to empirically enumerate the characteristics of such composites for numerous applications. Consequently, this investigation aims to assess the thermal behavior of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) polymers reinforced with graphene flakes. As mentioned above, various weight ratios of the constituents are manufactured, blended, and extruded into six distinct varieties of 3D-printable filaments utilizing a twin-screw extruder. In accordance with the relevant American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards, we perform the thermal characterization of the compounded PETG/graphene pellets using Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results reveal that enhancing the concentration of graphene augments the thermal properties of the composites. Furthermore, the FTIR investigation contributes to graphene's proficiency in absorbing infrared radiation and curbing micro-vibrations. Additionally, the study highlights the way in which chemical interactions between graphene and PETG impact the general effectiveness of the composites

Nucleotide analysis of pome fruit virus isolates detected in apple and pear samples from Italy and India

In the framework of a joint research project between Italy and India field surveys were done in different pear and apple growing areas of North of India and Central and Southern Italy. Samples were collected from plants belonging to common and local varieties and molecularly analyzed for the detection of the main pome fruit viruses (Apple stem pitting virus, Apple stem groving virus, Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus, Apple mosaic virus) by using harmonized diagnostic protocols.The sequence homology was evaluated and a phylogenetic tree was built, on the basis of which, the Indian isolate of ASGV showed maximum sequence identity at a nucleotide level to Italian isolates when analyzed by BLAST (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi). Similarly, a maximum identity, ranging from 90-93%, was found for the Italian isolates of ASPV and pear and apple isolates from Poland, while a sequence homology ranging from 83 to86% was observed within the Indian isolates of ASPV. Multiple alignment of the Indian pome ACLSV-isolates indicate maximum variability in the middle portion while the first 140 nucleotides are maximally conserved and shared a percent identity at nucleotide level of 86-100% with the Italian isolates.The ApMV Indian isolates showed maximum (92-99%) sequence homology to the Korean isolate (AY125977) from apple. However, a comparison with other isolates from different host plant species revealed a clustering of Indian isolates with a Czech isolate from pear and a sequence homology of 84 to 98%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that sequence variability was independent to the geographical origin or the host for all the investigated viruses.Keywords: ACLSV, ASPV, ASGV, ApMV, sequences analysis, Italy, India

Small Quadrupole Deformation for the Dipole Bands in 112In

High spin states in $^{112}$In were investigated using $^{100}$Mo($^{16}$O, p3n) reaction at 80 MeV. The excited level have been observed up to 5.6 MeV excitation energy and spin $\sim$ 20$\hbar$ with the level scheme showing three dipole bands. The polarization and lifetime measurements were carried out for the dipole bands. Tilted axis cranking model calculations were performed for different quasi-particle configurations of this doubly odd nucleus. Comparison of the calculations of the model with the B(M1) transition strengths of the positive and negative parity bands firmly established their configurations.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, 2 table