296 research outputs found
Service-based dominant logic
Purpose: to investigate a concept of service-based dominant logic, define it, reveal its dimensions, theoretical framework, and managerial implications. Design/methodology/approach: the topic is approached by theoretical analysis and conceptual development. Using a definition of the dominant logic as a mind set or a world view the present article suggests βservice-based dominant logicβ as a name for a generic theoretical concept instead of the widely used βservice-dominant logicβ which can be easily misinterpreted as logic dominated by service only. Service-based dominant logic is βpureβ logic of service: it considers service as the fundamental basis of business and doesnβt include any goods-centric aspects. This logic relates to a firmβs facilitation and support of customer value creation processes using different types of resources obtained from a company. Findings: the study proposed the definition and revealed three dimensions of service-based dominant logic found in the relevant literature: βservice logicβ, βservice-dominant logicβ and βcustomer-dominant logicβ. The study showed similarities and differences between these three research streams in regard to how they defined a value, a product, a service, value creation, role of customer, role of company, and how important interactions were in value creation. The paper also described the theoretical framework of service-based dominant logic: it stated that service-based dominant logic had originated from service marketing, relationship marketing and value creation literature, and it interrelated with customer relationship management and business networks and channels research. Finally, the article classified the managerial implications of service-based dominant logic into three groups: companyβs decision making, companyβs organizing and companyβs activities. Originality: the paper contributes conceptually to the service marketing literature by delineating the concept of service-based dominant logic. This term that before have not been widely used serves as the βumbrellaβ for three research streams exploring service as business perspective: βservice logicβ, βservice-dominant logicβ and βcustomer-dominant logicβ. This approach allows making deeper comparison between the main propositions of these research streams that could be interesting for the academic community for further application of research methods to collect empirical data from the corporate sector to check the findings
Quantification of the morphological characteristics of hESC colonies
The maintenance of the undifferentiated state in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is critical for further application in regenerative medicine, drug testing and studies of fundamental biology. Currently, the selection of the best quality cells and colonies for propagation is typically performed by eye, in terms of the displayed morphological features, such as prominent/abundant nucleoli and a colony with a tightly packed appearance and a well-defined edge. Using image analysis and computational tools, we precisely quantify these properties using phase-contrast images of hESC colonies of different sizes (0.1β1.1βmm2) during days 2, 3 and 4 after plating. Our analyses reveal noticeable differences in their structure influenced directly by the colony area A. Large colonies (Aβ>β0.6βmm2) have cells with smaller nuclei and a short intercellular distance when compared with small colonies (Aββ0.6βmm2) due to the proliferation of the cells in the bulk. This increases the colony density and the number of nearest neighbours. We also detect the self-organisation of cells in the colonies where newly divided (smallest) cells cluster together in patches, separated from larger cells at the final stages of the cell cycle. This might influence directly cell-to-cell interactions and the community effects within the colonies since the segregation induced by size differences allows the interchange of neighbours as the cells proliferate and the colony grows. Our findings are relevant to efforts to determine the quality of hESC colonies and establish colony characteristics database
Seeding hESCs to achieve optimal colony clonality
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)
have promising clinical applications which often rely on clonally-homogeneous
cell populations. To achieve this, cross-contamination and merger of colonies
should be avoided. This motivates us to experimentally study and quantitatively
model the growth of hESC colonies. The colony population is unexpectedly found
to be multi-modal. We associate these sub-populations with different numbers of
founding cells, and predict their occurrence by considering the role of
cell-cell interactions and cell behaviour on randomly seeded cells. We develop
a multi-population stochastic exponential model for the colony population which
captures our experimental observations, and apply this to calculate the
timescales for colony merges and over which colony size no longer predicts the
number of founding cells. These results can be used to achieve the best outcome
for homogeneous colony growth from different cell seeding densities
Seeding hESCs to achieve optimal colony clonality
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have promising clinical applications which often rely on clonally-homogeneous cell populations. To achieve this, it is important to ensure that each colony originates from a single founding cell and to avoid subsequent merging of colonies during their growth. Clonal homogeneity can be obtained with low seeding densities; however, this leads to low yield and viability. It is therefore important to quantitatively assess how seeding density affects clonality loss so that experimental protocols can be optimised to meet the required standards. Here we develop a quantitative framework for modelling the growth of hESC colonies from a given seeding density based on stochastic exponential growth. This allows us to identify the timescales for colony merges and over which colony size no longer predicts the number of founding cells. We demonstrate the success of our model by applying it to our own experiments of hESC colony growth; while this is based on a particular experimental set-up, the model can be applied more generally to other cell lines and experimental conditions to predict these important timescales
Correlated random walks of human embryonic stem cells in vitro
We perform a detailed analysis of the migratory motion of human embryonic stem cells in two-dimensions, both when isolated and in close proximity to another cell, recorded with time-lapse microscopic imaging. We show that isolated cells tend to perform an unusual locally anisotropic walk, moving backwards and forwards along a preferred local direction correlated over a timescale of around 50 min and aligned with the axis of the cell elongation. Increasing elongation of the cell shape is associated with increased instantaneous migration speed. We also show that two cells in close proximity tend to move in the same direction, with the average separation of m or less and the correlation length of around 25 ΞΌm, a typical cell diameter. These results can be used as a basis for the mathematical modelling of the formation of clonal hESC colonies
Quantification of the morphological characteristics of hESC colonies
The maintenance of the pluripotent state in human embryonic stem cells
(hESCs) is critical for further application in regenerative medicine, drug
testing and studies of fundamental biology. Currently, the selection of the
best quality cells and colonies for propagation is typically performed by eye,
in terms of the displayed morphological features, such as prominent/abundant
nucleoli and a colony with a tightly packed appearance and a well-defined edge.
Using image analysis and computational tools, we precisely quantify these
properties using phase-contrast images of hESC colonies of different sizes (0.1
-- 1.1) during days 2, 3 and 4 after plating. Our analyses
reveal noticeable differences in their structure influenced directly by the
colony area . Large colonies () have cells with
smaller nuclei and a short intercellular distance when compared with small
colonies (). The gaps between the cells, which are
present in small and medium sized colonies with ,
disappear in large colonies () due to the proliferation
of the cells in the bulk. This increases the colony density and the number of
nearest neighbours.
We also detect the self-organisation of cells in the colonies where newly
divided (smallest) cells cluster together in patches, separated from larger
cells at the final stages of the cell cycle. This might influence directly
cell-to-cell interactions and the community effects within the colonies since
the segregation induced by size differences allows the interchange of
neighbours as the cells proliferate and the colony grows. Our findings are
relevant to efforts to determine the quality of hESC colonies and establish
colony characteristics database
Drivers, types and value outcomes of customer-to-customer interaction: An integrative review and research agenda
Purpose Customer-to-customer (C2C) interaction plays a significant role in service. The purpose of this paper is to identify the drivers that motivate customers to interact with other customers, the interactions through which customers affect other customers and the value outcomes of C2C interactions for the participants.Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a systematic literature review of C2C interactions. The authors analyzed 142 peer-reviewed articles to synthesize existing knowledge about C2C interactions. A generic value framework is used to categorize earlier research and reveal areas for further research.Findings The main outcome of this study is an integrative framework of C2C interaction that bridges C2C interactions and customer value. The findings indicate customer-, firm- and situation-induced drivers of C2C interactions. Outcome- and process-focused C2C interactions are identified to result in functional, emotional and social value outcomes. Avenues for additional research to explore issues related to current technology-saturated service settings are proposed.Research limitations/implications The paper proposes an agenda for future research to extend the C2C interaction research domain and explore how such interactions create value for the customer. The role of the service provider is not explicitly addressed but is an important area for further research.Practical implications Companies can use the framework to understand how they can become involved in and support beneficial C2C interaction.Originality/value This paper reviews empirical studies on C2C interaction, offering a systematic review of C2C interaction and producing an integrative framework of C2C interaction. It identifies a research agenda based on the framework and on topical issues within service research and practice
ΠΠΈΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ³Π΅ΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ
The review and summarizes own and literature data about the role of mitochondria as the important target in the search for drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Aging is a major risk factor for sporadic forms of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimerβ²s disease. One of the most argued and currently accepted theories is the Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging. Mitochondrial hypotheses of the development of sporadic forms of neurodegenerative diseases particularly Alzheimerβ²s disease, are closely connected with it. Impairments of mitochondrial functions lead to a decrease in their ability to regulate calcium homeostasis in the cell and to a decrease in the threshold for the induction of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pores. MPT inhibitors can be considered as a promising approach to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, since these drugs can not only exhibit the properties of neuroprotectors, but also can provide normalization of synaptic activity due to increased calcium capacity of mitochondria. The review presents data on the number of MPT inhibitors, including endogenous compounds melatonin and N-acetylserotonin, their bioisosteric analogue Dimebon and a number of other compounds. The use of mitochondria as a basis for the formation of screening strategy for the search for compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is of particular interest β both as a test of their potential toxicity, and as a basis for the creation of metabolic stimulants and drugs with neuroprotective and cognitive-stimulating effect.ΠΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ³Π΅ΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° (ΠΠ). ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π°ΡΠ³ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡ
Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΠ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π· ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ (ΠΠ Π’). ΠΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΠ Π’ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠΉ. Π ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ Π’, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΌΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ½, N-Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ½, ΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
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