The Determinants Factors of Household Food Security in the Case of Agro-Pastoral Kebeles of Yabello District, Southern Ethiopia

This study was commenced to examine the determinants of household food security in the agro- pastoral kebeles of Yabello woreda. The analysis was based on household survey data gathered from 168 randomly selected household heads in three agro-pastoral kebeles following probability proportional to population size sampling approach (PPS).Descriptive statistics, independent sample t- test, chi-squire tests and binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis show that from the total surveyed households 39.9% were found to be food secured while the remaining 60.1% were food insecure. Five variables which include livestock ownership, household size, size of cultivated land, use of chemical fertilizer and distance to the market were found to be significant factors affecting household status of food security in the logistic regression model output. The findings suggest the need to improve the provision of services that improve livestock and agricultural production and microfinance to encourage the adoption of agricultural technologies. More training is important to encourage diversified crop production by the household. It is also important to improve the provision of basic infrastructural services such as rural roads and markets (especially livestock market centers) to facilitate livelihood diversification. Keywords: Household Food security, Logistic regression, Agro-pastoral, Yabello DOI: 10.7176/DCS/10-7-03 Publication date:July 31st 202

Assess the Determinants of Household Food Security in the Case of Agro-Pastoral Kebeles of Yabello Woreda, Southern Ethiopia

This study was commenced to examine the determinants of household food security in the agro- pastoral kebeles of Yabello woreda. The analysis was based on household survey data gathered from 168 randomly selected household heads in three agro-pastoral kebeles following probability proportional to population size sampling approach (PPS).Descriptive statistics, independent sample t- test, chi-squire tests and binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis show that from the total surveyed households 39.9% were found to be food secured while the remaining 60.1% were food insecure. Five variables which include livestock ownership, household size, size of cultivated land, use of chemical fertilizer and distance to the market were found to be significant factors affecting household status of food security in the logistic regression model output. The findings suggest the need to improve the provision of services that improve livestock and agricultural production and microfinance to encourage the adoption of agricultural technologies. More training is important to encourage diversified crop production by the households. It is also important to improve the provision of basic infrastructural services such as rural roads and markets (especially livestock market centers) to facilitate livelihood diversification. Keywords: Household Food security, Logistic regression, Agro-pastoral, Yabello DOI: 10.7176/JPID/55-01 Publication date:August 31st 202

Children who received PCV-10 vaccine from a two-dose vial without preservative are not more likely to develop injection site abscess compared with those who received pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) vaccine: A longitudinal multi-site study

Background: The single dose pneumonia ten-valent vaccine has been widely used and is highly efficacious against selected Streptococcus pneumonia. A two-dose vial without preservative is being introduced in developing countries to reduce the cost of the vaccine. In routine settings improper immunization practice could result in microbial contamination leading to adverse events following immunization.Objective: To monitor adverse events following immunization recommended for routine administration during infancy by comparing the rate of injection-site abscess between children who received PCV-10 vaccine and children who received the Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) vaccine.Methods: A longitudinal population-based multi-site observational study was conducted between September 2011 and October 2012. The study was conducted in four existing Health and Demographic Surveillance sites run by public universities of Abraminch, Haramaya, Gondar and Mekelle. Adverse events following Immunization were monitored by trained data collectors. Children were identified at the time of vaccination and followed at home at 48 hour and 7 day following immunization. Incidence of abscess and relative risk with the corresponding 95% Confidence Intervals were calculated to examine the risk difference in the comparison groups.Results: A total of 55, 268 PCV and 37, 480 Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) vaccinations were observed. A total of 19 adverse events following immunization, 10 abscesses and 9 deaths, were observed during the one year study period. The risk of developing abscess was not statistically different between children who received PCV-10 vaccine and those received Pentavalent (RR = 2.7, 95% CI 0.576-12.770), and between children who received the first aliquot of PCV and those received the second aliquot of PCV (RR = 1.72, 95% CI 0.485-6.091).Conclusion: No significant increase in the risk of injection site abscess was observed between the injection sites of PCV-10 vaccine from a two-dose vial without preservative and pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) vaccine in the first 7 days following vaccination

The relative risks for Injection site abscess for PVC-10 compared to Pentavelent and for PCV-10 first and second aliquot Vaccinations, Ethiopia, 2011/2012. Key:

<p>Relative Risk with 95% Confidence Interval.</p

Distribution of children received PCV Vaccination by age, sex and study site, Ethiopia, 2011/2012.

<p>Distribution of children received PCV Vaccination by age, sex and study site, Ethiopia, 2011/2012.</p

The distribution of PCV aliquot given to children enrolled into the study, Ethiopia, 2011/2012.

<p>The distribution of PCV aliquot given to children enrolled into the study, Ethiopia, 2011/2012.</p

Adverse Events Following Immunization reported from each study site by sex and age, Ethiopia, 2011/2012.

<p>Adverse Events Following Immunization reported from each study site by sex and age, Ethiopia, 2011/2012.</p

The distribution of the site of PCV injection among the study children, Ethiopia, 2011/2012.

<p>The distribution of the site of PCV injection among the study children, Ethiopia, 2011/2012.</p

Risk of Injection site abscess for PVC-10 and Pentavelent Vaccinations, Ethiopia, 2011/2012. Key:

<p>Risk of Injection site Abscess in % with 95% Confidence Interval.</p