1,036 research outputs found
Comparison of performance and fitness traits in German Angler, Swedish Red and Swedish Polled with Holstein dairy cattle breeds under organic production
Although the use of local breeds is recommended by organic regulations, breed comparisons performed under organic production conditions with similar production intensities are scarce. Therefore, we compared data of local and widely used Holstein dairy cattle breeds from 2011 to 2015 regarding production, fertility and health from German and Swedish organic farms with similar management intensities within country. In Germany, the energy-corrected total milk yield tended to be lower in the local breed Original Angler Cattle (AAZ, 5193 kg) compared to the modern German Holstein Friesian breed (HO, 5620 kg), but AAZ showed higher milk fat and protein contents (AAZ v. HO: 5.09% v. 4.18% and 3.61% v. 3.31%, respectively). In Sweden, the widely used modern Swedish Holstein (SH) breed had the highest milk yield (9209 kg, fat: 4.10%, protein: 3.31%), while the local Swedish Polled (SKB) showed highest milk yield, fat and protein contents (6169 kg, 4.47%, 3.50%, respectively), followed by the local breed Swedish Red (SRB, 8283 kg, 4.33%, 3.46%, respectively). With regard to fertility characteristics, the German breeds showed no differences, but AAZ tended to have less days open compared to HO (−17 days). In Sweden, breeds did not differ with regard to calving interval, but both local breeds showed a lower number of days open (−10.4 in SRB and −24.1 in SKB compared to SH), and SKB needed fewer inseminations until conception (−0.5 inseminations) compared to SH. Proportion of test day records with a somatic cell count content of ≥100 000 cells per ml milk did not reveal breed differences in any of the two countries. German breeds did not differ regarding the proportion of cows with veterinary treatments. In Sweden, SRB showed the lowest proportion of cows with general veterinary treatment as well as specific treatment due to udder problems (22.8 ± 6.42 and 8.05 ± 2.18, respectively), but the local breed SKB did not differ from SH in either of the two traits. In Sweden, we found no breed differences regarding veterinary treatments due to fertility problems or diagnosis of claw or leg problems during claw trimming. Our results indicate a stronger expression of the antagonism between production and functional traits with increasing production intensity. Future breed comparisons, therefore, need to consider different production intensities within organic farming in order to derive practical recommendations as to how to implement European organic regulations with regard to a suitable choice of breeds
Simulation and Analysis Chain for Acoustic Ultra-high Energy Neutrino Detectors in Water
Acousticneutrinodetectionisapromisingapproachforlarge-scaleultra-highenergyneutrinodetectorsinwater.In
this article, a Monte Carlo simulation chain for acoustic neutrino detection
devices in water will be presented. The simulation chain covers the generation
of the acoustic pulse produced by a neutrino interaction and its propagation to
the sensors within the detector. Currently, ambient and transient noise models
for the Mediterranean Sea and simulations of the data acquisition hardware,
equivalent to the one used in ANTARES/AMADEUS, are implemented. A pre-selection
scheme for neutrino-like signals based on matched filtering is employed, as it
is used for on-line filtering. To simulate the whole processing chain for
experimental data, signal classification and acoustic source reconstruction
algorithms are integrated in an analysis chain. An overview of design and
capabilities of the simulation and analysis chain will be presented and
preliminary studies will be discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, ARENA 2012. arXiv admin note: substantial text
overlap with arXiv:1304.057
Development of Combined Opto-Acoustical Sensor Modules
The faint fluxes of cosmic neutrinos expected at very high energies require
large instrumented detector volumes. The necessary volumes in combination with
a sufficient shielding against background constitute forbidding and complex
environments (e.g. the deep sea) as sites for neutrino telescopes. To withstand
these environments and to assure the data quality, the sensors have to be
reliable and their operation has to be as simple as possible. A compact sensor
module design including all necessary components for data acquisition and
module calibration would simplify the detector mechanics and ensures the long
term operability of the detector. The compact design discussed here combines
optical and acoustical sensors inside one module, therefore reducing
electronics and additional external instruments for calibration purposes. In
this design the acoustical sensor is primary used for acoustic positioning of
the module. The module may also be used for acoustic particle detection and
marine science if an appropriate acoustical sensor is chosen.
First tests of this design are promising concerning the task of calibration.
To expand the field of application also towards acoustic particle detection
further improvements concerning electromagnetic shielding and adaptation of the
single components are necessary.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, ARENA2010 proceeding
Reconstruction methods for acoustic particle detection in the deep sea using clusters of hydrophones
This article focuses on techniques for acoustic noise reduction, signal
filters and source reconstruction. For noise reduction, bandpass filters and
cross correlations are found to be efficient and fast ways to improve the
signal to noise ratio and identify a possible neutrino-induced acoustic signal.
The reconstruction of the position of an acoustic point source in the sea is
performed by using small-volume clusters of hydrophones (about 1 cubic meter)
for direction reconstruction by a beamforming algorithm. The directional
information from a number of such clusters allows for position reconstruction.
The algorithms for data filtering, direction and position reconstruction are
explained and demonstrated using simulated data.Comment: 7 pages, 13 figure
T-cell cytotoxicity in the absence of viral protein synthesis in target cells
CYTOTOXIC T cells lyse only those virus infected target cells in vitro which express, in addition to the viral antigen(s), those K or D region products of the major histocompati-bility complex (MHC) which were present during anti-viral sensitisation in vivo. This 'associative recogniton' by cytotoxic T cells could reflect the interaction of two T-cell receptors with specificity for target K or D gene products and independently for the viral antigen, or one receptor with specificity for virally altered K or D region products (see ref. 1 and refs therein). There are various ways that the MHC antigens could be altered, including 'modification from within', where the virus modifies host protein synthesis by interfering with transcription2, translation or post-translational glycosylation; or 'modification from without' where enzymic or chemical alteration of cell membrane proteins are induced by virus activity at the cell surface. In this report we show that inactivated Sendai virus or isolated Sendai virus envelopes can serve to modify a cell and make it a specific target for Sendai-immune T-cell killing, thus excluding the possibility of 'modification from within' in this system
Position reconstruction of acoustic sources with the AMADEUS Detector
This article focuses on techniques for position reconstruction of acoustic
point sources with the AMADEUS setup consisting of 36 acoustic sensors in the
Mediterranean Sea. The direction reconstruction of an acoustic point source
utilizes the information of the 6 small-volume hydrophone clusters of AMADEUS
individually. Source position reconstruction is then done by combining the
directional information of each cluster. The algorithms for direction and
position reconstruction are explained and demonstrated using data taken in the
deep sea.Comment: 4 pages, 7 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the 3rd
International Workshop on the Acoustic and Radio EeV Neutrino detection
Activities, Rome, Ital
Отказоустойчивый многофазный асинхронный электропривод с несинусоидальными токами
Рассмотрен принцип построения многофазного асинхронного электропривода, позволяющего при неоднократных отказах преобразователя частоты и двигателя обеспечить отказоустойчивое управление, на основе программируемых несинусоидальных токов с восстановлением работоспособности за счет активизации алгоритма восстановления в управляющем микроконтроллере. Приведены результаты моделирования для аварийной ситуации типа "обрыв фазы" для случая трехфазного двигателя с частичным восстановлением работоспособности асинхронного двигателя
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