Linear IgA bullous dermatosis

Aim: to present a clinical case of linear IgA bullous dermatosis.Materials and methods. A 44 years old patient complaining of skin rashes on the trunk and extremities, accompanied by severe itching was examined. We carried out a morphological investigation of biopsy samples derived from the lesion and apparently unaffected skin areas using the method of indirect immunofluorescence.Results. The patient having rashes in the form of multiple vesicles and small bubbles with a tight cover, which had been grouped into figures resembling pearl necklaces, demonstrated the presence of focal subepidermal cracks (subepidermal bubble in one location), as well as a linear deposition of IgA along the epidermal basement membrane. According to the clinical picture and following the histological and immunofluorescent investigation of skin biopsies, the patient was diagnosed with linear IgA bullous dermatosis. Lesion regression was achieved as a result of systemic therapy with prednisolone at a dose of 50 mg per day.Conclusion. The diagnosis of linear IgA bullous dermatosis should be made on the basis of skin biopsy investigation by the method of indirect immunofluorescence. Systemic glucocorticosteroids are seen as an effective approach to the treatment of such patients

Study of antimicrobial activity and technology optimization of Calendulae flos galenicals

The article presents materials on optimization of manufacture technology for Calendulae flos galenicals with medium level of antibacterial activity. For antibacterial study of extracts, we used agar well diffusion method. In our research, we utilized six test-strain microorganisms: E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 25923, P. vulgaris ATCC 4636, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, C. albicans ATCC 885/653, and B. subtilis ATCC 6633. We have found that the maximum level of extracts’ antimicrobial activity is achieved in the range of ethanol content in the extractant from 70 to 97 % v/

A Study on the Dynamics of the Development of Red Steppe Cows and Their Ayrshire and Holstein Crossbreeds

When purchasing animals from abroad, agricultural enterprises often underestimate their demand for feed quality and feeding standards for ensuring genetically determined milk productivity. Therefore, increasing attention should be paid to raising local breeds. During the creation of new production relations, it is very important to preserve achievements of scientists and breeders. The widespread use of red steppe cows is due to good feed payment, unpretentiousness, and their adaptability to the steppe zone with its arid climate. There was a real threat of extinction of purebred red steppe cattle: with the intensification of dairy cattle breeding, as well as low milk productivity, these animals are inferior to the best dairy breeds by productivity, but they are better by endurance, resistance to diseases, and adaptability to extreme environmental conditions. Therefore, scientific research is needed on improving the productive and technological qualities of this breed using the best global gene pool of dairy cattle. This article presents the results of a study on the development of heifers of purebred red steppe cows and their Ayrshire and red-motley Holstein crossbreeds. Differences in the live weight indicators of the purebred and crossbred heifers were due to the effect of crossbreeding and intensive growing technology, which made it possible to maximize the genetic potential of the crossbred animals. Keywords: breed, steppe red, Holstein, Ayrshire, live weight, feed costs, die

FEATURES OF HEART RATE REGULATION IN ADOLESCENTS WITH ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION

Cardiointervalography is an important method of analyzing the regulation of heart rate variability, which allows evaluating the balance of the entire spectrum of humoral-metabolic and vegetative effects, both in condition of physiological rest and in various functional tests. It is noted that in hypertensive patients, in most cases, there is a chronic predominance of ergotrophic metabolic reactions that reflect the system tension in the regulatory mechanisms. The aim of our study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the features of the mechanisms of heart rate regulation in adolescents with confirmed essential hypertension and their healthy age mates. Material and methods. The study involved 50 adolescents (12–16 years of age) – 26 boys and 24 girls with labile essential hypertension (EHT) and stage 1 HT on the background of the standard medical correction of blood pressure (enalapril 0,58 mg/kg per day). Each participant of the study and control group underwent recording of at least 512 cardio cycles in the state of physiological rest in a sitting position, as well as registration of blood pressure. Results and discussion. We have found that for adolescents with EHT a significantly lower (by 15 %) average duration of the heart cycle is typical in combination with a decrease in the variation range, which indicates some rigidity of the heart rate regulatory mechanisms. The relative decrease in the proportion of high-frequency spectrum components in comparison with the low-frequency and very low-frequency ranges in adolescents with hypertension also indicated a tendency to predominance of sympathicotonic effects with the predominant involvement of the structures of the diencephalic region and the brain stem. At the same time blood pressure inversely correlated with the index of the variation range of cardiointervals, reflecting the lower adaptive potential of the heart rate regulation mechanisms. Conclusion. We have found regular changes in the regulation of heart rate in adolescents with hypertension, that can be taken as markers of its progressive development and used by clinicians to develop more personalized approaches to medication treatment

Successful experience in treating primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma occuring with common lesions of the skin and lung tissue

The aim of the study is to present a successful case in treating primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PCALCL) occurring with common lesions of the skin and lung tissue.Materials and methods. For the verification of the diagnosis in a patient with three types of skin elements (spot, thin plaque with and without ulceration), differential diagnosis was performed between ulcerative pyoderma gangrenosum, PCALCL, large-cell transformation of mycosis fungoides, and secondary skin lesions under the nodal ALK-negtaive ALCL. A complex of studies, including histological, immunohisto - chemical, cytogenetic studies of skin tumor biopsy, allowed the verification of the PCALCL diagnosis. For the treatment of the patient, intensive induction chemotherapy was used followed by high-dose consolidation and autologous transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells.Results. The selected treatment tactics allowed a long-term complete remission of the disease to be achieved in a patient from the poor prognosis group.Conclusion. An algorithm for the differential diagnosis and tactics of treating is presented for a patient with primary anaplastic large cell lymphoma with a widespread skin lesion and extradermal foci

Lipid accumulation and dendritic cell dysfunction in cancer

Professional antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells (DC) are responsible for initiation and maintenance of immune responses. Here, we report that a substantial proportion of DCs in tumor-bearing mice and cancer patients have increased levels of triglycerides. Lipid accumulation in DCs was caused by increased uptake of extracellular lipids due to up-regulation of scavenger receptor A. DCs with high lipid content were not able to effectively stimulate allogeneic T cells or present tumor-associated antigens. DCs with high and normal lipid levels did not differ in expression of MHC and co-stimulatory molecules. However, lipid-laden DCs had reduced capacity to process antigens. Pharmacological normalization of lipid levels in DCs with an inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase restored the functional activity of DCs and substantially enhanced the effects of a cancer vaccine. These findings support the regulation of immune responses in cancer by manipulation of lipid levels in DCs

An African-Specific Variant of TP53 Reveals PADI4 as a Regulator of p53-Mediated Tumor Suppression

TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in cancer, yet key target genes for p53-mediated tumor suppression remain unidentified. Here, we characterize a rare, African-specific germline variant of TP53 in the DNA-binding domain Tyr107His (Y107H). Nuclear magnetic resonance and crystal structures reveal that Y107H is structurally similar to wild-type p53. Consistent with this, we find that Y107H can suppress tumor colony formation and is impaired for the transactivation of only a small subset of p53 target genes; this includes the epigenetic modifier PADI4, which deiminates arginine to the nonnatural amino acid citrulline. Surprisingly, we show that Y107H mice develop spontaneous cancers and metastases and that Y107H shows impaired tumor suppression in two other models. We show that PADI4 is itself tumor suppressive and that it requires an intact immune system for tumor suppression. We identify a p53–PADI4 gene signature that is predictive of survival and the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Significance: We analyze the African-centric Y107H hypomorphic variant and show that it confers increased cancer risk; we use Y107H in order to identify PADI4 as a key tumor-suppressive p53 target gene that contributes to an immune modulation signature and that is predictive of cancer survival and the success of immunotherapy

Взаимосвязь функциональных нарушений респираторной системы со структурными изменениями в легких по данным компьютерной томографии у больных туберкулезом легких в сочетании с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких

The aim of the study was to evaluate structural changes in the lung tissue in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and coexisting obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using highresolution computed tomography (HRCT) and to analyze an influence of CT lesions on the lung function.Materials and methods. One hundred and sixteen TB patients were involved. HRCT with Nodule Analysis and Lung Volume Analysis additional soft ware, spirometry, body plethysmography and measurement of diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide were performed in all patients. We used descriptive statistics and Spearman’s correlation analysis.Results. Patients with TB + COPD (n = 23) had extensive (> 3 lung segments) specific changes in the lungs more likely than patients without COPD (n = 93): 83% and 44%, respectively; p < 0.05. Patients with TB + COPD also had higher total volume of TB lesions (p < 0.05) and emphysema (61 and 30%, respectively; p < 0.05) on CT scans. Patients with TB + COPD had panlobular emphysema (17%) more often than other variants of emphysema. Patients without COPD had predominantly centrilobular emphysema (13%); panlobular emphysema was seen in a few cases (2%). Ventilation and gas exchange parameters were related to the volume of TB lesions on CT scans. An increase in emphysema volume on CT scans negatively affected the airflow limitation in all patients and deteriorated lung hyperinflation and lung diffusing capacity in patients with TB + COPD.Conclusions. TBspecific pulmonary lesions were significantly more prominent inpatients with TB + COPD. TBspecific pulmonary lesions could worsen ventilation and gas exchange. More extended emphysema on CT scans could worsen bronchial obstruction in all patients, deteriorate lung hyperinflation and diffusing capacity in patients with TB + COPD.Заболеваемость хронической обструктивной болезнью легких (ХОБЛ) неуклонно растет, а т. к. курят или курили большинство пациентов с туберкулезом легких (ТЛ), специфический процесс все чаще развивается на фоне ХОБЛ. Хотя компьютерная томография (КТ) является ведущим методом визуализации ТЛ, структурные изменения легких, вызванные сопутствующей ХОБЛ, недооцениваются.Целью явилось выявление особенностей специфических и эмфизематозных изменений легких у больных ТЛ в сочетании с ХОБЛ по данным КТ и их влияния на функциональные возможности системы дыхания.Материалы и методы. В исследование включены пациенты с ТЛ (n = 116), которым было выполнено функциональное исследование внешнего дыхания (спирометрия, бодиплетизмография, исследование диффузионной способности легких) и КТ грудной клетки с дополнительным анализом изменений легких с помощью программ Nodule Analysis и Lung Volume Analysis. Использовались описательная статистика и корреляционный анализ Спирмена.Результаты. У пациентов с ТЛ и ХОБЛ (n = 23) чаще встречались распространенные специфические изменения (> 3 сегментов), чем у пациентов без ХОБЛ (n = 93) (83 и 44 %; p < 0,05), больше суммарные объемы фокусов и распада (p < 0,05), чаще выявлялись эмфизематозные изменения (61 и 30 %; p < 0,05). У пациентов с ТЛ и ХОБЛ преобладал смешанный (26 %) и наиболее тяжелый панлобулярный (17 %) тип эмфиземы. У пациентов без ХОБЛ чаще встречался центрилобулярный вариант (13 %), панлобулярный визуализирован в единичных случаях (2 %). Выявлена зависимость параметров вентиляции и легочного газообмена от объемных характеристик специфических из менений. Увеличение объема эмфизематозных изменений оказывало негативное влияние на проходимость дыхательных путей у всех групп пациентов, а у больных с ХОБЛ вызывало увеличение гиперинфляции легких и ухудшение легочного газообмена.Заключение. При сочетании ТЛ с ХОБЛ встречается достоверно больший объем специфического поражения и деструкции. Специфические изменения у больных ТЛ и ХОБЛ ухудшают состояние легочного газообмена. Увеличение объема эмфизематозных изменений приводит к ухудшению проходимости дыхательных путей как у пациентов с ТЛ в сочетании с ХОБЛ, так и без, а также к увеличению гиперинфляции легких и ухудшению легочного газообмена у больных с ТЛ и ХОБЛ

БЛИЖАЙШИЕ И ОТДАЛЕННЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ СТРАТЕГИЙ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ БОЛЬНЫХ С КРУПНООЧАГОВЫМ ПОВТОРНЫМ ИНФАРКТОМ МИОКАРДА

Aim of study: to assess the effectiveness of invasive treatment strategies in patients with repeated myocardial infarction (rMI). We compared results of three treatment strategies in 453 patients with rMI admitted to the Institute from 2003 to 2011 and analyzed long-term results (up to 2016): 139 roentgen-endovascular coronary interventions (RECI) (various types), including the delayed procedures (performed 24–72 h later), 25 surgical myocardial revascularizations 8–12 weeks after the onset of rMI and 289 cases of conservative therapy. Cardiovascular mortality had been assessed in 138 patients with different treatment strategies for 5 years after the discharge.Findings show that rMI is a predictor of high risk of death associated with high in-hospital and longterm mortality in the absence of reperfusion therapy. RECI in the early stages of rMI does not exclude its later performance. Different types of interventions, including the delayed ones, significantly reduce the incidence of complications and deaths, which occurence remains high in the absence of interventions. however, in a significant portion of patients with rMI, the severity of coronary lesions limits the possibility of RECI performance, determining indications for elective surgical myocardial revascularization. Coronary artery bypass surgery performed after myocardial scarring prevents the growth of left ventricular dysfunction, improves its contractile function, and prolongs the life of patients. Reperfusion strategies such as various types of RECI and/or delayed surgical myocardial revascularization improve the effectiveness of treatment in patients with rMI.Цель исследования: оценка эффективности инвазивных стратегий лечения больных с повторным инфарктом миокарда (пИМ). Проведено сопоставление результатов трех стратегий лечения 453 больных с пИМ, госпитализированных в институт с 2003 по 2011 г. с анализом отдаленных результатов до 2016 г.: различных видов рентгенэндоваскулярных коронарных вмешательств (РКВ), включая отсроченные, выполненные через 24–72 ч (n=139) от начала ИМ; хирургической реваскуляризации миокарда через 8–12 нед от начала пИМ (n=25) и консервативной терапии (n=289). В течение 5 лет после выписки у 138 больных с различными стратегиями лечения оцени- вали общую летальность, в том числе от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний.Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что пИМ является предиктором высокого риска смерти, связанного с отсутствием реперфузионной терапии с высокой госпитальной и отдаленной летальностью. Установлено, что РКВ в ранние сроки пИМ не исключает возможности более позднего их применения. Отсроченные вмешательства существенно сокращают частоту осложнений и смертельных исходов. Вместе с тем, у значительной части больных с пИМ тяжесть поражения коронарного русла ограничивает возможности применения РКВ, определяя показания к хирургической реваскуляризации миокарда. Шунтирование коронарных артерий, выполненное после рубцевания миокарда, предотвращает нарастание дисфункции левого желудочка, улучшает его сократительную функцию и увеличивает продолжительность жизни больных. Применение реперфузионных стратегий в виде различных видов РКВ, в том числе отсроченных и/или хирургической реваскуляризации миокарда позволяет повысить эффективность лечения больных с пИМ