2,172 research outputs found
Comment on "Quantitative x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: Quadrupole effects, shake up, Shirley background, and relative sensitivity factors from a database of true x-ray photoelectron spectra"
This Comment demonstrates that a comparison analysis by Seah and Gilmore
between experimental data on the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy intensities
and theoretical data by Trzhaskovskaya et al. is misleading due to a number of
serious errors made by Seah and Gilmore (Phys. Rev. B, 73, 174113).Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Magnetization reversal of ferromagnetic nanodisc placed above a superconductor
Using numerical simulation we have studied a magnetization distribution and a
process of magnetization reversal in nanoscale magnets placed above a
superconductor plane. In order to consider an influence of superconductor on
magnetization distribution in the nanomagnet we have used London approximation.
We have found that for usual values of London penetration depth the ground
state magnetization is mostly unchanged. But at the same time the fields of
vortex nucleation and annihilation change significantly: the interval where
vortex is stable enlarges on 100-200 Oe for the particle above the
superconductor. Such fields are experimentally observable so there is a
possibility of some practical applications of this effect.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure
Solving the difference initial-boundary value problems by the operator exponential method
We suggest a modification of the operator exponential method for the
numerical solving the difference linear initial boundary value problems. The
scheme is based on the representation of the difference operator for given
boundary conditions as the perturbation of the same operator for periodic ones.
We analyze the error, stability and efficiency of the scheme for a model
example of the one-dimensional operator of second difference
Mesoscopic cross-film cryotrons: Vortex trapping and dc-Josephson-like oscillations of the critical current
We investigate theoretically and experimentally the transport properties of a
plain Al superconducting strip in the presence of a single straight
current-carrying wire, oriented perpendicular to the superconducting strip. It
is well known that the critical current of the superconducting strip, Ic, in
such cryotron--like system can be tuned by changing the current in the control
wire, Iw. We demonstrated that the discrete change in the number of the pinned
vortices/antivortices inside the narrow and long strip nearby the
current-carrying wire results in a peculiar oscillatory dependence of Ic on Iw.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure
Международный арбитраж ad hoc – ключ к улучшению российско-японских отношений
The subject. The article discusses the international legal positions of Russia and Japan that prevent the conclusion of a peace treaty between them and impede a radical improvement in relations, which is perceived as an urgent need for both sides.The purpose of the article is to show the fundamental differences in the official positions of the governments of Russia and Japan and suggest a fundamentally new diplomatic and legal solution to the long-standing territorial dispute among the states, which will result in finally breaking the deadlock.Methodology. The research is based on the methods such as historical research, formal logic, including analysis, synthesis, and modeling, as well as systematic, comparative and interpretation. Materials include national and international laws and scholarly articles, books relating to Russian-Japanese relations, as well as its international legal aspects.The main results, scope of application. The authors note that the end of the Cold War transformed Europe. Since that time there have been a reformatting of military alliances, the unification of Germany, reconciliation of the nations warring since ancient times. All these are based on the recognition of the inviolability of the outcome of the Second World War and established territorial structure. In comparison with Europe, it had smaller consequences in Asia. All previous dividing lines and lines of conflicts are preserved. Nothing was done to reunite the divided nations. Reconciliation by and large also did not happen. One of the burning problems has remained the territorial claims of Japan to Russia on the four islands of the Southern Kuril and the unresolved long-standing dispute over affiliation of the islands. The international legal position of Russia is that the legal status of the islands was determined by the results of the Second World War. Japan proceeds from the premise that the Islands historically belonged to it and the actual sovereignty of Russia over them does not change the case. Since the international legal positions of the sides do not have any common ground, it is pointless to argue about them or try to change them.Conclusions. In this situation the only possible wise and fair solution is to bring the dispute beyond the framework of bilateral relations for quite a long time, which will need to be used for their radical improvement. In the article the authors explain in detail how it can be done. In particular, it is proposed to establish a special Russian-Japanese international court ad hoc. The study explains and justifies its possible mandate, the procedure of formation and the role of the agreement establishing such a Court in the conclusion of a peace treaty between the sides. It is shown how and under what circumstances the activities of the Court can be successful and bring the desired results.Разбираются международно-правовые позиции России и Японии, препятствующие заключению мирного договора между ними и, как следствие, существенному улучшению отношений, в котором заинтересованы обе стороны. Показывается, в чем заключается их принципиальное отличие. На основании проведенного исследования делается вывод, что в данной ситуации единственно возможное решение – вывести спор за рамки двусторонних отношений. Для этого, в частности, предлагается учредить специальный Российско-Японский международный арбитраж ad hoc. Разъясняется и обосновывается его возможный мандат, порядок формирования и роль соглашения о создании такого арбитража в заключении мирного договора между сторонами. Показывается, как и при каких обстоятельствах деятельность указанного арбитража может оказаться успешной и принести желаемые результаты
Localization of superconductivity in superconductor-electromagnet hybrids
We investigate the nucleation of superconductivity in a superconducting Al
strip under the influence of the magnetic field generated by a current-carrying
Nb wire, perpendicularly oriented and located underneath the strip. The
inhomogeneous magnetic field, induced by the Nb wire, produces a spatial
modulation of the critical temperature T_c, leading to a controllable
localization of the superconducting order parameter (OP) wave function. We
demonstrate that close to the phase boundary T_c(B_ext) the localized OP
solution can be displaced reversibly by either applying an external
perpendicular magnetic field B_ext or by changing the amplitude of the
inhomogeneous field.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure
Electromagnetic wave refraction at an interface of a double wire medium
Plane-wave reflection and refraction at an interface with a double wire
medium is considered. The problem of additional boundary conditions (ABC) in
application to wire media is discussed and an ABC-free approach, known in the
solid state physics, is used. Expressions for the fields and Poynting vectors
of the refracted waves are derived. Directions and values of the power density
flow of the refracted waves are found and the conservation of the power flow
through the interface is checked. The difference between the results, given by
the conventional model of wire media and the model, properly taking into
account spatial dispersion, is discussed.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figure
Hybridization and interference effects for localized superconducting states in strong magnetic field
Within the Ginzburg-Landau model we study the critical field and temperature
enhancement for crossing superconducting channels formed either along the
sample edges or domain walls in thin-film magnetically coupled superconducting
- ferromagnetic bilayers. The corresponding Cooper pair wave function can be
viewed as a hybridization of two order parameter (OP) modes propagating along
the boundaries and/or domain walls. Different momenta of hybridized OP modes
result in the formation of vortex chains outgoing from the crossing point of
these channels. Near this crossing point the wave functions of the modes merge
giving rise to the increase in the critical temperature for a localized
superconducting state. The origin of this critical temperature enhancement
caused by the wave function squeezing is illustrated for a limiting case of
approaching parallel boundaries and/or domain walls. Using both the variational
method and numerical simulations we have studied the critical temperature
dependence and OP structure vs the applied magnetic field and the angle between
the crossing channels.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figure
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