Trichodesmium erythraeum (Ehrenberg) bloom along the southwest coast of India (Arabian Sea) and its impact on trace metal concentrations in seawater

The incidence of a large scale Trichodesmium erythraeum bloom along the southwest coast of India (Arabian Sea) observed in May 2005 is reported. Around 4802 filaments of T. erythraeum ml−1 seawater was observed and a colony consisted of 3.6 × 105 cells. The bloom was predominant off Suratkal (12° 59′N and 74° 31′E) with a depth of about 47 m, covering an area of 7 km in length and 2 km width. The concentrations of Zinc, Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Nickel and Cobalt were determined in samples collected from the bloom and non-bloom sites using stripping voltammetry. The observed hydrographical and meteorological parameters were found to be favorable for the bloom. The concentrations of Zinc, Cadmium and Nickel were found to be higher at bloom stations, while the concentrations of Lead, Copper and Cobalt were found to be very low at bloom stations. Elevated concentrations of Cadmium and Cobalt were observed at Valappad mainly due to the decomposition of detrital material produced in the bloom. Statistically significant differences (P > 0.01) in metal concentrations between the bloom and non-bloom stations were not observed except for Copper. Metals such as Lead, Copper and Cobalt were removed from the seawater at all places where bloom was observed. Cadmium was found to be slowly released during the decaying process of the bloom

Studies in the formation of heterocyclic rings containing nitrogen. Part XXIII. Condensation of o-aminobenzamide with aldehydes and Schiff bases

N-arylidene orthanilamides undergo isomeric cyclisation in acetic acid to the corresponding 2-aryl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-4-oxoquinazolines. The u.v. and n.m.r. spectra of some of the arylidene derivatives and their isomeric tetrahydroquinazolines have neeb studied. Condensation of o-aminobenzamide either with aromatic aldehydes in nitrobenzene or Schiff bases in acetic acid has yielded 2-aryl-4 (3H)-quinazolinones

Latest clinical recommendations on valproate use for migraine prophylaxis in women of childbearing age. Overview from European Medicines Agency and European Headache Federation

Migraine is a common and burdensome neurological condition which affects mainly female patients during their childbearing years. Valproate has been widely used for the prophylaxis of migraine attacks and is also included in the main European Guidelines. Previous (2014) European recommendations on limiting the use of valproate in women of childbearing age did not achieve their objective in terms of limiting the use of valproate in women of childbearing age and raising awareness regarding the hazardous effect of valproate to children exposed in utero. The teratogenic and foetotoxic effects of valproate are well documented, and more recent studies show that there is an even greater neurodevelopmental risk to children exposed to valproate in the womb. The latest 2018 European review from the European Medicines Agency, with the active participation of the European Headache Federation, concluded that not enough has been done to mitigate the risks associated with in utero exposure to valproate. The review called for more extensive restrictions to the conditions for prescribing, better public awareness, and a more effective education campaign in migrainous women

Assessment of coronary artery outward remodeling in consequence of excision of epicardial adipose tissue in Ossabaw swine

Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) results from the buildup of cholesterol, inflammatory factors, and proliferating smooth muscle cells within a vessel wall. This plaque impedes on the vessel lumen, decreasing the space through which blood can flow, leading to an array of complications in the human body. To offset these effects, the arterial wall undergoes outward remodeling, a compensatory physiologic phenomenon that blood vessels undertake when burdened with a blockage, such as CAD. In a previously conducted study, a coronary epicardial adipose tissue excision (cEATx) surgery was performed above the left anterior descending (LAD) in Ossabaw swine to investigate the effects of local adipose on the progression of CAD. Compared to the sham control group, pigs that underwent the adipectomy procedure revealed focal attenuation of disease progression at the surgical site within the LAD. Unlike, the previous research question, this current study aims to determine if there was an additional global outward remodeling effect by investigating disease progression in the right coronary artery (RCA) of the same animals. By comparing the two sites, we are able to determine whether the outward remodeling observed in the LAD was due to the local surgical procedure or a physiologic compensation for limitations caused by CAD progression. Methods Images of the RCA lumen were collected using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Measurements of the external elastic lamina and lumen area were taken of each collected still-frame image. For each pig, the data were averaged across the proximal 15 mm of the RCA at two separate time points (pre- and post-surgery). Pre-surgery measures were obtained the day the surgery took place while post-surgery measures were obtained 3 months later. Percent stenosis, plaque area, outward remodeling, and lumen area were all assessed. Results Progression of CAD in the RCA, represented by percent stenosis, was not significantly slowed in the adipectomy pigs compared to the control group. Outward remodeling in the RCA, represented by an increase in external elastic lamina circumference, was not significantly higher in the adipectomy pigs compared to the control group. Conclusions These data indicate that the cEATx procedure at the LAD did not attenuate CAD progression in the RCA

Resumption of migraine preventive treatment with CGRP(-receptor) antibodies after a 3-month drug holiday: a real-world experience

Background: Migraine frequency increases after the cessation of successful preventive treatment with CGRP(-receptor) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the course of migraine after treatment resumption. Methods: Patients with migraine, who started treatment with the same CGRP(-R) mAb after a three-month drug holiday were included in this analysis. We collected headache data at four prospective visits: 1) during the four weeks before the initial mAb treatment (baseline); 2) during the four weeks before the last mAb injection; 3) in weeks 13-16 of the drug holiday; 4) in weeks 9-12 after treatment restart. Outcomes were the changes in monthly migraine days (MMD), monthly headache days (MHD), monthly days with acute medication use (AMD) and Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) scores across the observation period. Results: This study included 39 patients (erenumab n = 16; galcanezumab/ fremanezumab n = 23). MMD decreased from 12.3 +/- 6.3 at the end of the drug holiday to 7.8 +/- 5.5 three months after treatment restart (p = 0.001). The improvement after treatment resumption was similar to the response in the initial treatment period (baseline: 12.3 +/- 6.3 MMD vs. 7.5 +/- 5.2 MMD before treatment interruption). MHD and AMD showed a significant improvement after treatment restart. HIT-6 scores decreased, indicating a diminished impact of headache on everyday life. Conclusions: Reinitiation of treatment with CGRP(-R) mAbs after a drug holiday leads to a significant reduction of migraine frequency and medication use as well as improvement in quality of life

Risk habits among Italian university students: sensation seeking and sexual risk-taking behaviors

Using data coming from the survey on “Sexual and Emotional Life of Youths”, we aim at exploring the patterns of relationships among risk habits, in particular the sex related ones among Italian university students to identify different risk profiles by using a sequential two-step analysis. Results highlight the presence of eight different target groups of students in terms of risk habits. Among them, the 24.9% of students can be defined as “young sensation seekers” who have the highest risk habits. Conversely, the 22.8% of students have inactive sexual life. Subsequently, linear regression models defined those characteristics, attitudes and behaviours associated to these risk habits. School and sexual experiences as well as family characteristics and relations with parents result to be significantly associated to risk habits

Las dimensiones de la búsqueda de sensaciones en la compra online del turista

Las tecnologías de la información están transformando los modelos de comportamiento de compra de los mercados turísticos, favoreciendo que el turista organice sus viajes de forma independiente. Para ello ha sido fundamental el rápido desarrollo de Internet en todo el mundo, aunque el comercio electrónico ha seguido un proceso más lento. Sin embargo, las cifras de ventas online son muy distintas según el tipo de producto. Así, los productos turísticos son los más adquiridos a través de Internet. La 10ª Encuesta sobre Usuarios de Internet en España realizada por la Asociación para la Investigación de Medios de Comunicación (2008) señala que un 29,6% de las ventas online son debidas a los siguientes tipos de productos: transporte de pasajeros, alojamiento y paquetes turísticos. Los estudios sobre el comportamiento de compra online suelen centrarse en los aspectos sociodemográficos, dedicando poca atención a los aspectos más psicológicos de las personas. El presente trabajo trata de analizar el comportamiento de los internautas que realizan reservas online de productos turísticos, indagando en uno de los rasgos de personalidad como es el de la búsqueda de sensaciones. Este rasgo se entiende como un deseo de tener sensaciones y experiencias variadas, novedosas, complejas e intensas, así como la disposición para asumir riesgos físicos, sociales, legales y económicos en aras a conseguir dicha experiencia. Se identifican cuatro componentes de la búsqueda de sensaciones, como son: 1) búsqueda de emoción y aventura; 2) búsqueda de experiencia; 3) desinhibición; y 4) susceptibilidad al aburrimiento. El presente estudio se basa en una muestra de 457 estudiantes universitarios, que representan uno de los mercados potenciales más relevantes en el comercio electrónico. En los resultados del estudio se ha detectado que los compradores online puntúan más alto en la escala total de búsqueda de sensaciones que los no compradores y, además, se observa que hay diferencias significativas entre compradores y no compradores de productos turísticos por Internet respecto a la subescala de la búsqueda de emoción y aventura y a la subescala de la susceptibilidad al aburrimiento. No obstante, tan sólo las mujeres son las que reciben la influencia del rasgo de personalidad de búsqueda de sensaciones respecto a la compra online de productos turísticos.Patterns of buying behavior of the tourist markets are being changed by information technologies, encouraging tourists to arrange their trips on their own. To that end, the rapid development of Internet in the world has been critical, although the expansion of electronic commerce has been slower. However, online sales are very different depending on the product. Thus, tourism products are the most purchased of all over the internet. The 10th Survey of Internet Users in Spain by the Association for Research in the Media (2008) noted that 29.6 % of online sales are due to the following types of products: passenger transport, accommodation, and travel package. Studies of online buying behavior typically focus on the socio-demographic characteristics, devoting little attention to psychological aspects of people. This paper analyzes the behavior of Internet users engaged in online booking of tourism products, and investigates one of their personality features: the sensation seeking. This feature is defined as the seeking of varied, new, and complex experiences, and the willingness to take physical, social, legal, and financial risks in order to achieve such experience. Four components of sensation seeking are identified: 1) thrill and adventure seeking, 2) experience seeking, 3) disinhibition, and 4) boredom susceptibility. This study is based on a sample of 457 university students, who represent one of the most important potential markets for e-commerce. The study has found that online buyers attain higher scores in the full scale of sensation seeking than non-buyers, and also shows that there are significant differences between buyers and non-buyers of tourism products over the Internet with regard to two subscales: the thrill and adventure seeking and the boredom susceptibility. However, only women receive the influence of personality feature of sensation seeking with respect to the purchase of tourism products online