A retrospective evaluation of bifid mandibular canal prevalence of Southeastern Anatolia population by cone-beam computed tomography

Introduction: Bifid mandibular canal (BMC) is often detected incidentally on radiological examination and can be observed in unilateral or bilateral forms. The correct localization of the BMC plays an important role in the prevention of complications such as paresthesia, anesthesia, bleeding, traumatic neuroma, which may occur during or after surgical operations on the mandible such as sagittal split ramus osteotomy, impacted third molar tooth extraction, and dental implant surgery. Objective: This study aims to retrospectively evaluate the prevalence of bifid mandibular canal (BMC) in the Southeastern Anatolian population via Conical Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Material and Method: In this retrospective study, CBCT images of 615 patients, who applied to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in the Faculty of Dentistry at Dicle University, Turkey, for various reasons from 2015 to 2020, is evaluated and cases with bifid mandibular canals are examined. The prevalence evaluation is conducted by statistical analyses in terms of sex and laterality. Results: According to the analyses, the BMC prevalence did not constitute a significant difference in terms of the age variable (p>0.05). The incidence of unilateral BMC was higher than bilateral BMC (p<0.05; p=0.016). Additionally, the prevalence of BMC was higher in males compared to females (p<0.05; p=0.008). Conclusion: BMC, which can be detected more easily and frequently via CBCT technology, is an anatomical formation that should be taken into account during oral and maxillofacial practices

The effects of acarbose and Rumex patientia on liver ultrastructure in streptozotocin-induced diabetic (type II) rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acarbose and Rumex patientia on liver ultrastructure in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic (type II) rats. Forty-two-day-old, neonatal Wistar albino rats were used. They were divided into six groups. STZ was injected into groups 4, 5 and 6 on postnatal day 2. Groups I and 5 received water, groups 2 and 6 received 2% decoction of R. patientia grain and groups 3 and 4 received 40 mg acarbose/100 g teed. During the experimental period, blood glucose levels were checked periodically and HbA 1 c levels were measured from cardiac blood at the end of the experiment. In addition, liver tissue was examined by electron microscopy Our results showed that glucose and HbA1c levels, which are Increased by STZ, were decreased by acarbose and R. patientia. In group 5, most of the mitochondria of hepatocytes were swollen and some hepatocytes contained lipid granules in their cytoplasm. In group 4, no pathological changes were observed in hepatocytes, but some lysosomes were found in their cytoplasms. In group 6, mitochondrial changes were minimal compared with those in group 5, and no lipid granules were observed in hepatocytes

Gastrostomy in hospitalized patients with acute stroke: "NoroTek" Turkey point prevalence study subgroup analysis

Objective: Nutritional status assessment, dysphagia evaluation and enteral feeding decision are important determinants of prognosis in acute neurovascular diseases. Materials and Methods: NöroTek is a point prevalence study conducted with the participation of 87 hospitals spread across all health sub regions of Turkey conducted on 10-May-2018 (World Stroke Awareness Day). A total of 972 hospitalized neurovascular patients [female: 53%, age: 69±14; acute ischemic stroke in 845; intracerebral hematoma (ICH) in 119 and post-resuscitation encephalopathy (PRE) in 8] with complete data were included in this sub-study. Results: Gastrostomy was inserted in 10.7% of the patients with ischemic stroke, 10.1% of the patients with ICH and in 50% of the patients with PRE. Independent predictors of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) administration were The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission [exp (β): 1.09 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.14, per point] in ischemic stroke; and mechanical ventilation in ischemic [exp (β): 6.18 (95% CI: 3.16-12.09)] and hemorrhagic strokes [exp (β): 26.48 (95% CI: 1.36-515.8)]. PEG was found to be a significant negative indicator of favorable (modified Rankin’s scale score 0-2) functional outcome [exp (β): 0.032 (95% CI: 0.004-0.251)] but not of in-hospital mortality [exp (β): 1.731 (95% CI: 0.785-3.829)]. Nutritional and swallowing assessments were performed in approximately two-thirds of patients. Of the nutritional assessments 69% and 76% of dysphagia assessments were completed within the first 2 days. Tube feeding was performed in 39% of the patients. In 83.5% of them, tube was inserted in the first 2 days; 28% of the patients with feeding tube had PEG later. Conclusion: The NöroTek study provided the first reliable and large-scale data on key quality metrics of nutrition practice in acute stroke in Turkey. In terms of being economical and accurate it makes sense to use the point prevalence method.Amaç: Akut nörovasküler hastalıklarda nütrisyonel durum ve disfaji değerlendirmesi ve enteral beslenme kararı önemli prognoz belirleyicilerindendir. Gereç ve Yöntem: NöroTek, 10 Mayıs 2018’de (Dünya İnme Farkındalık Günü) Türkiye’nin tüm sağlık alt bölgelerine yayılmış 87 hastanenin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilen bir nokta prevalans çalışmasıdır. Hastanede yatan ve bu alt çalışma için toplanan verisi tam olan toplam 972 nörovasküler hasta (kadın: %53, yaş: 69±14 yıl; 845’i akut iskemik inme; 119’u intraserebral hematom ve 8’i post-resüsitasyon ensefalopatisi) analiz edildi. Bulgular: Gastrostomi iskemik inmeli hastaların %10,7, intraserebral kanamalıların %10,1 ve post-resusitasyon ensefalopatisi olanların %50’sine uygulanmıştır. Perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi (PEG) gereksiniminin bağımsız belirleyicileri, iskemik inme grubunda kabul NIHSS [exp (β): 1,09, %95 güven aralığı (GA): 1,05-1,14, puan başına] ile hem iskemik hem de hemorajik inmelerde mekanik ventilasyon uygulanmış olmasıdır [iskemik için: exp (β): 6,18, %95 GA: 3,16- 12,09] ve hemorajik inme için: [exp (β): 26,48, 95% GA: 1,36-515,8]. İnme olgularında PEG uygulaması hastane içi mortalite için bağımsız belirleyici değildi [exp (β): 1,731, 95% GA: 0,785-3,829]. Ancak, PEG uygulanmış olması taburculuk esnasında iyi prognoza (modifiye Rankin skoru 0-2) sahip olabilme için anlamlı bir negatif etmen olarak bulundu [exp (β): 0,032, %95 GA: 0,004-0,251]. Hastanede yatan nörovasküler hastaların yaklaşık üçte ikisinde malnütrisyon ve yutma bozukluğu açısından değerlendirme yapılmıştı. Nutrisyonel status değerlendirmesinin %69’u ve disfaji değerlendirmesinin %76’sı ilk 48 saat içinde gerçekleştirilmişti. Tüple enteral nütrisyon uygulama oranı %39’du. Beslenme tüplerinin %83,5’i ilk 2 gün içinde yerleştirilirken beslenme tüpü olan hastaların %28’ine daha sonra PEG açılmıştı. Sonuç: NöroTek çalışması ile Türkiye’de hastanede yatan akut inme hastalarında nutrisyonel uygulamaların temel kalite ölçütlerine ilişkin ilk güvenilir ve büyük ölçekli veri sağlanmıştır. Ekonomik olması ve doğruluğu açısından nokta yaygınlık yönteminin bu tip verilerin temini için daha fazla kullanılması mantıklıdır