Radiological Characteristics of Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus (EG), characterized by cystic lesions in the liver, lungs, and rarely in other parts of the body. Lungs and liver are the most frequent sites involved. Simultaneous lung and liver cysts are observed in less than 10% of the cases. Hydatid cysts are found more frequently in the lungs of children and adolescents than in their liver, while most cysts in adults are hepatic and relatively few are in the lungs. The hydatid serology results are often negative in patients with isolated pulmonary hydatidosis, and hence may not be helpful in problematic cases. Radiologic approach to the intact, complicated, or ruptured pulmonary hydatid cysts includes a CT scan following the chest radiograph. Thoracic CT may be supplemented with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and occasionally with ultrasound (US) in clarifying a pleural-based hydatid cyst as extrapleural, pleural, or parenchymal

The Impacts of Elastic Band Training on the Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles of Olympic-Style Weightlifters

Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to examine the impacts of elastics band trainings, which were applied for 12 weeks on the Olympic-style weightlifters, on their sportive performances and psoas, ilacus, and quadratus lumborum muscle volumes.Materials and Methods: This research study was conducted on 4 groups, comprising of 12 men (elastic band training group (n=6), control group (n=6)), and 12 women (elastic band training group (n=6), control group (n=6)) Olympic-style weightlifters. The athletes in the elastic band training groups were engaged in standing hip flexion exercises, clamshell exercises, lying hip flexion exercises, and side bend exercises. Before and after the elastic band training applied to the Olympic-style weightlifters for 12 weeks, (1.5 Tesla) MRI device was used for the axial images of the regions starting from the 12th thoracic vertebrae to the trochanter minor of femur. The volume calculations of the muscles were conducted via the Cavalieri method.Results: After the elastic band training, it was determined that the total volume of posterior abdominal wall muscles of the men and women weightlifters in the elastic band training groups and the total weights lifted by them were higher compared to those of the control group individuals (p<0,001).Conclusion: As the result, it can be stated that including the posterior abdominal wall muscle developing trainings into the general programs of the weightlifters in the Olympic weightlifting sport can both enable an increase in the volumes of the muscles in this region and positively influence the performance of the athletes

Outcomes of high-risk breast lesions diagnosed using image-guided core needle biopsy: results from a multicenter retrospective study

PURPOSEThe clinical management of high-risk lesions using image-guided biopsy is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the rates at which such lesions were upgraded to malignancy and identify possible predictive factors for upgrading high-risk lesions.METHODSThis retrospective multicenter analysis included 1.343 patients diagnosed with high-risk lesions using an image-guided core needle or vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB). Only patients managed using an excisional biopsy or with at least one year of documented radiological follow-up were included. For each, the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category, number of samples, needle thickness, and lesion size were correlated with malignancy upgrade rates in different histologic subtypes. Pearson’s chi-squared test, the Fisher–Freeman–Halton test, and Fisher’s exact test were used for the statistical analyses.RESULTSThe overall upgrade rate was 20.6%, with the highest rates in the subtypes of intraductal papilloma (IP) with atypia (44.7%; 55/123), followed by atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) (38.4%; 144/375), lobular neoplasia (LN) (12.7%; 7/55), papilloma without atypia (9.4%; 58/611), flat epithelial atypia (FEA) (8.7%; 10/114), and radial scars (RSs) (4.6%; 3/65). There was a significant relationship between the upgrade rate and BI-RADS category, number of samples, and lesion size Lesion size was the most predictive factor for an upgrade in all subtypes.CONCLUSIONADH and atypical IP showed considerable upgrade rates to malignancy, requiring surgical excision. The LN, IP without atypia, pure FEA, and RS subtypes showed lower malignancy rates when the BI-RADS category was lower and in smaller lesions that had been adequately sampled using VAB. After being discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting, these cases could be managed with follow-up instead of excision

Radiological algorithm and imaging modalities in hepatocellular carcinoma

Radyolojik görüntülemenin amacı hepatosellüler karsinomu erken evrede tespit etmektir. Bunun amacı lezyonu küratif tedavi evre- sinde yakalayabilmektir. Son yıllarda özellikle küçük karsinomların erken tespit edilebilmesi için fazlaca çaba sarf edilmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı hepatosellüler karsinomların tespiti ve tanımlanmasında ultrasonografi, bilgisayarlı tomografi, manyetik rezonans görüntüleme, radyonüklid görüntüleme, pozitron emisyon tomografi ve dijital subtraksiyon anjiografi gibi invaziv olmayan görüntü- leme yöntemlerinin etkinliğini belirlemektir.The purpose of diagnostic imaging is to detect HCC at an early stage, when curative options are available. In recent years, there have been many efforts to improve early detection of small HCC. The purpose of this review is to describe the pertinent findings of HCCs in non-invasive, diagnostic imaging, including ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, radionuclide scanning, positron emission tomography and digital subtraction angiography imaging techniques

Imaging of pleural diseases: Evaluation of imaging methods based on chest radiography

Plevra kaynaklı patolojilerin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan birincil tanı yöntemi konvansiyonel akciğer radyografisidir. Sıklıkla görülen plevra patolojisi plevral kalınlaşma ve efüzyondur. Arka ön akciğer radyografisi (PA, posteroanterior) küçük miktardaki plevral efüzyonu göstermeyebilir. Lateral dekübitus radyografisi ve toraks ultrasonografisi (USG) az miktardaki plevral efüzyonu ortaya koymada daha etkin yöntemlerdir. PA radyografide tek taraflı homojen yoğunluk artışı gösteren olgularda toraks ultrasonografisi plevral ve parankimal patolojilerin ayırıcı tanısında yararlı bilgiler vermektedir. Akciğer radyografisinde saptanan plevral efüzyon veya kalınlaşma altta yatan hastalığı veya parankimal patolojiyi gizleyebilir. Bu nedenle bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) plevral hastalığın yaygınlığını ve nedenini ortaya koymada yararlı bilgiler sağlamaktadır. BT(koronal ve sagital reformat görüntüler) plevral kalınlaşma veya efüzyonla birlikte bulunan parankimal lezyonların ayırt edilmesini sağlayabilir. Ayrıca BT göğüs duvarı, mediasten ve diyafragma invazyonunu, hiler ve/veya mediastinal lezyonları ayrıntılı olarak gösterebilir. Manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) standart noninvaziv yöntemlerin yetersiz kaldığı olgularda tamamlayıcı yöntem olarak kullanılabilir.The most commonly employed radiologic method in diagnosis of pleural diseases is conventional chest radiograph. The commonest chestX-Ray findings are the presence of pleural effusion and thickening. Small pleural effusions are not readily identified on posteroanterior chest radiograph. However, lateral decubitus chest radiograph and chest ultrasonography may show small pleural effusions. These are more efficient methods than posteroanterior chest radiograph in the erect position for demonstrating small amounts of free pleural effusions. Chest ultrasonograph may be able to help in distinguishing the pleural pathologies from parenchymal lesions. On chest radiograph pleural effusions or pleural thickening may obscure the visibility of the underlying disease or parenchymal abnormality. Thus, computed tomography (CT) may provide additional information of determining the extent and severity of pleural disease and may help to differentiate malign pleural lesions from the benign ones. Moreover, CT may provide the differentiation of parenchmal abnormalities from pleural pathologies. CT (coronal and sagittal reformatted images) that also show invasion of chest wall, mediastinum and diaphragm, as well as enlarged hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes. Standart non-invasive imaging techniques may be supplemented with magnetic resonans imaging (MRI)

Hepatosellüler karsinomda radyolojik algoritma ve görüntüleme yöntemleri

Radyolojik görüntülemenin amacı hepatosellüler karsinomu erken evrede tespit etmektir. Bunun amacı lezyonu küratif tedavi evre- sinde yakalayabilmektir. Son yıllarda özellikle küçük karsinomların erken tespit edilebilmesi için fazlaca çaba sarf edilmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı hepatosellüler karsinomların tespiti ve tanımlanmasında ultrasonografi, bilgisayarlı tomografi, manyetik rezonans görüntüleme, radyonüklid görüntüleme, pozitron emisyon tomografi ve dijital subtraksiyon anjiografi gibi invaziv olmayan görüntü- leme yöntemlerinin etkinliğini belirlemekti

Pulmonary Embolism Originating from a Hepatic Hydatid Cyst Ruptured into the Inferior Vena Cava: CT and MRI Findings

Pulmonary embolism due to hydatid cysts is a very rare clinical entity. Hydatid pulmonary embolism can be distinguished from other causes of pulmonary embolism with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI especially displays the cystic nature of lesions better than CECT. Here we report a 45-year-old male patient with the pulmonary embolism due to ruptured hydatid liver cyst into the inferior vena cava

Breast Lesions Detected on Computed Thorax Tomography

Amaç: Mamografi memenin primer görüntüleme yöntemi olmasına kar- şılık, değişik patolojileri saptamak amacıyla çekilen bilgisayarlı tomografilerde insidental (rastlantısal) benin ya da malin meme lezyonlarıyla giderek daha sık karşılaşılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu lezyonların saptanması ve doğru tanımlanması önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada meme dışı patolojiler için çekilen bilgisayarlı tomografilerde saptanan insidental meme lezyonlarının sıklığını, morfolojik özelliklerini ve sonuçlarını değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Yöntem ve Gereçler: Bölümümüzde 2011-2013 tarihleri arasında çekilen bilgisayarlı tomografilerde insidental saptanan meme lezyonları de- ğerlendirildi. Daha önce tanı konmuş meme lezyonu olan hastalar çalışma dışında bırakıldı. Histopatolojik tanısı olan ya da en az 2 yıl boyunca takip edilmiş hastalar çalışmaya alındı. Bulgular: Çalışma grubunu oluşturan ortalama 551,38 yaşındaki (aralık 37-78 yıl) toplam 33 kadının 12sinde (%36) malin, 21inde (%64) benin ya da normal bulgular saptandı. En sık saptanan patoloji malin lezyonlar arasında invaziv duktal karsinom, benin lezyonlarda ise fibroadenomdu. En önemli bilgisayarlı tomografi bulgusu, malin lezyonlarda düzensiz kontur yapısı ve lenfadenopati varlığı, benin lezyonlarda ise düzgün kontur yapısıydı. Sonuç: Bilgisayarlı tomografi incelemelerde kesite girdiğinde meme mutlaka dikkatli bir şekilde değerlendirilmelidir. Meme lezyonlarının uygun şekilde raporlanması erken tanı ve tedaviye olanak sağlayacaktır.Objective: Although mammography is the primary imaging method of the breast, incidental benign and malignant breast lesions are increasingly being detected on computed tomographies (CTs) performed to detect different pathologies. Therefore, the detection and accurate identification of these lesions is important. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency, morphological features, and results of incidental breast lesions on CTs performed for the detection of extramammarian pathologies. Materials and Methods: Incidental breast lesions on CTs performed in our department between 2011 and 2013 were evaluated. Patients who had previously diagnosed breast lesions were excluded from the study. The inclusion criteria were histopathologic diagnose and being followed -up for at least 2 years. Results: The study population consisted of 33 women whose mean age was 55±1.38 (3778) years. Of the 33 women, 12 (36%) had malignant and 21 (64%) had benign or normal findings. The most common malignant lesion was invasive ductal carcinoma, and the most common benign lesion was fibroadenoma. Ill-defined contour and lymphadenopathy in malignant lesions and well-defined contour in benign lesions were the most important CT findings. Conclusion: Breasts must be carefully evaluated if it is included in the scans. An accurate report of breast lesions gives an opportunity for early diagnosis and treatment

Fracture With Urethral Injury: Evaluation by Retrograde Urethrogram

Penil fraktür nadir görülen bir durumdur. Penis ereksiyonu esnasında oluşan travma sonucu öncelikle korpus kavernozum rüptürü oluşur ve bu esnada korpus spongiozum ve üretra da etkilenebilir. 35 yaşında erkek hasta cinsel ilişki sırasında oluşan künt travma sonrasında akut penil ağrı, penil şişlik ve hematüri ile acil servise başvurdu. Acil retrograd üretrogram çekiminde verilen opak maddenin penil üretradan kavernoz yapılara ekstravaze olduğu (nadir görülen) izlendi. Penil üretradaki ve kavernöz yapılardaki parsiyel rüptür cerrahi olarak onarıldı. Hastanın post-operatif 3. aydaki takibinde, komplikasyonun olmadığı ve hastanın ereksiyonunun ve işeme fonksiyonunun normal olduğu gözlendi. Üretral yaralanma şüphesi olan penil fraktur olgularında retrograd üretrogram tanı koyduru cudurPenile fracture is a rare condition. It primarily involves the rupture of the corpus cavernosum during erection, which may also affect the corpus spongiosum and urethra. We describe the case of a 35-year-old man who presented with acute penile pain, penile swelling, and a hematuria after a blunt trauma during sexual intercourse. The emergency retrograde urethrogram revealed a rare condition, extravasation of the opaque material from the penile urethra into the cavernous structure. The partial rupture of the corpus cavernosum with urethral disruption was repaired surgically. At the 3-month postoperative follow-up control, no complications were reported by the patient who has had both normal erectile and voiding functions. In cases of penile fracture with suspected urethral injury, retrograde urethrogram can be used for definitive diagnosi

Incidence of retrorenal colon during percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate retrorenal colon incidence in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) interventions made in our clinic. Materials and Methods Clinical data of 804 PNL patients, accumulated over a 7 year period (2006-2012), was surveyed. The patient files were reviewed retrospectively, and only those who had abdominal computed tomography (CT) images before PNL intervention were included in the study. In the CT images, the position of both the ascending and descending colon in relation to the right and left kidneys were evaluated. Results According to our hospital reports, 394 patients with CT images were included in the present study 27 patients (6.9%) had retrorenal colon, of which 18 (4.6%) were on the left side, 4 (1.0%) on the right side and 5 (1.3%) had bilateral retrorenal colons. Colonic perforation complication was seen only in two patients and the colonic perforation rate was 0.3%. These two cases had no CT images. Conclusions PNL, in the process of becoming the standard treatment modality, is a safe and reliable technique for renal stone treatment. Colonic injury should be taken into consideration during PNL interventions of the lower pole of the kidney (especially on the left side) due to the location of retrorenal colon