The influence of temperature, relative air humidity and temperature humid index on the quality of cow milk

Centuries long experience has shown, and decades-long measurements have confirmed that there was no significant difference in the quality of milk on the farm during the year. These variations are correlated with a number of factors. Some of them are biological (are related to characteristics of breeds and individual cows), but a large number of groups are abiotic (Ambient conditions). With regard to biological factors difficult and slow to change, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of environment conditions on the quality of milk on selected farms. The farm "Stari Tamis" near Belgrade was chosen. There are daily milked 200 cows to 220. About 95% of cows are the Holstein-Friesian and Simmental remained. Over 35% of cows in first lactation, and less than 5% had previously five lactations. Studies were performed using standard methods for determining the total amount of: fat, protein and dry matter. Analyzing the obtained results, it was found that with increasing temperature of the wet index values, there is a decrease in the quantity of dry matter in milk. Thus, at the lowest interval index of up to 74, the percentage of dry matter in milk was 12.26%, while the highest interval index of over 84, the percentage of dry matter was reduced to 11.81%. The increase of the index will result in declining of the amount of fat. In the days when it was the lowest interval when heat stress was hardly any, the amount of milk fat was 3.45%, while on days with extremely strong and heat stress the index value was over 84, fat dropped to 3,18%. The increase of the index humid temperature value, led to a decline in the amount of protein in milk. Thus, at the lowest interval index of up to 74, the amount of protein in milk was 3.30%, while the highest interval index of over 84, the amount of protein was reduced to 3.21%

The influence of temperature, relative air humidity and temperature humid index on the quality of cow milk

Centuries long experience has shown, and decades-long measurements have confirmed that there was no significant difference in the quality of milk on the farm during the year. These variations are correlated with a number of factors. Some of them are biological (are related to characteristics of breeds and individual cows), but a large number of groups are abiotic (Ambient conditions). With regard to biological factors difficult and slow to change, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of environment conditions on the quality of milk on selected farms. The farm "Stari Tamis" near Belgrade was chosen. There are daily milked 200 cows to 220. About 95% of cows are the Holstein-Friesian and Simmental remained. Over 35% of cows in first lactation, and less than 5% had previously five lactations. Studies were performed using standard methods for determining the total amount of: fat, protein and dry matter. Analyzing the obtained results, it was found that with increasing temperature of the wet index values, there is a decrease in the quantity of dry matter in milk. Thus, at the lowest interval index of up to 74, the percentage of dry matter in milk was 12.26%, while the highest interval index of over 84, the percentage of dry matter was reduced to 11.81%. The increase of the index will result in declining of the amount of fat. In the days when it was the lowest interval when heat stress was hardly any, the amount of milk fat was 3.45%, while on days with extremely strong and heat stress the index value was over 84, fat dropped to 3,18%. The increase of the index humid temperature value, led to a decline in the amount of protein in milk. Thus, at the lowest interval index of up to 74, the amount of protein in milk was 3.30%, while the highest interval index of over 84, the amount of protein was reduced to 3.21%

Lamb fattening possibilities in mixed flock of sheep

The aim of this study was to determine daily weight gain of different Wiirtemberg crosses. The experiment was carried out in central part of Vajdaság province, at right and left side of river Tisza in Bácska and Bánság region. In flock of 240 Wiirtemberg ewes 3 genotype of ram were used: Wiirtemberg, lie de France and Charolais. Trial included 60 lambs of three breed and crosses, 20 lambs per each: I. group pure Wiirtemberg, II. group lie de France x Wiirtemberg and III. group Charolais x Wiirtemberg. Average body mass of lambs at the beginning of trial was approx. 12 kg and at the end of the trial approx. 30 kg. The lambs were divided into two groups: indoor and pasture trial group. Lambs of group A were kept exclusively on pasture for fattening, fed by mothers milk and grass. Lambs of group B were kept indoors fed by mothers milk, concentrate mixture and alfalfa hay (ad libitum). During the experiment all lambs in group had same housing and nutrition condition. At the indoor condition the average daily gain of pure Wiirtemberg breed were 290 g for ram and 279 g for ewe lambs. In the case of He de France x Wiirtemberg crosses the daily gain were 313 and 309 g respectively. Charolais x Wiirtemberg crosses showed daily gain of 333 and 300 g per day. In this case the ram and ewe lambs obtained the best daily gain in the group. In the pasture condition the crosses of ram the Charolais x Wiirtemberg show the highest results 271 g while in the case of pure Wiirtemberg breed the result was 226 g/day. The average values of He de France x Wiirtemberg crosses are in the middle with daily gain value of 250 and 243 g/day. Wiirtemberg breed and their crosses at indoor condition have realised higher daily gain average. This confirms the fact that in crossing beside the genetic difference between populations that are being crossed, important factor for better daily gain is also the system of feeding. At indoor and also in outdoor condition the all breed crosses of Charolais x Wiirtemberg lambs got the highest daily gain results. In that case of crossing the Charolais breed has an outstanding effect

The possibilities of organic farming in Vojvodina

Organic livestock farming needs a balance between ecology and economy. The organic husbandry are a new possibility for livestock production in Vojvodina. Marketing of produced animal originated products became more popular, and it is organized by farmers themselves, or by their associations. Organic livestock farming in Vojvodina – Northern region of Serbia, is at its very beginnings. The present paper describes the actual situation in organic farming, and possibilities of its improvement. The essential systemic unit is the farmstead which presents a base for organic farming. From the environmental point of view there are several factors like surroundings and landscape which determinate the way of farming. In some ways big differences could be observed on the right and left side of the river Tisa. The quality of soil is determinative. In Banat region we could find mostly pastures and meadows which are suitable for grazing. The conventional, extensive animal breeding – sheep and goat milk as well as the lamb production could be preferred. On the right side of the river Tisa, Backa is the intensive agricultural region with good arable land, therefore it is very suitable for indigenous pig breeding, using famous Mangalica pig. If breeders’ demand will appear in near future, a nucleus of Mangalica breed could be established. Biodiversity of poultry breeding depends mostly on the traditional poultry production and the gene conservation programmes. Based on production guidelines, organic livestock farming in Vojvodina has set the goal of establishing environment - friendly production, sustaining animals in good health, realizing high animal welfare standards, and producing high quality products

The possibilities of organic farming in Vojvodina

Organic livestock farming needs a balance between ecology and economy. The organic husbandry are a new possibility for livestock production in Vojvodina. Marketing of produced animal originated products became more popular, and it is organized by farmers themselves, or by their associations. Organic livestock farming in Vojvodina – Northern region of Serbia, is at its very beginnings. The present paper describes the actual situation in organic farming, and possibilities of its improvement. The essential systemic unit is the farmstead which presents a base for organic farming. From the environmental point of view there are several factors like surroundings and landscape which determinate the way of farming. In some ways big differences could be observed on the right and left side of the river Tisa. The quality of soil is determinative. In Banat region we could find mostly pastures and meadows which are suitable for grazing. The conventional, extensive animal breeding – sheep and goat milk as well as the lamb production could be preferred. On the right side of the river Tisa, Backa is the intensive agricultural region with good arable land, therefore it is very suitable for indigenous pig breeding, using famous Mangalica pig. If breeders’ demand will appear in near future, a nucleus of Mangalica breed could be established. Biodiversity of poultry breeding depends mostly on the traditional poultry production and the gene conservation programmes. Based on production guidelines, organic livestock farming in Vojvodina has set the goal of establishing environment - friendly production, sustaining animals in good health, realizing high animal welfare standards, and producing high quality products

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Sclerochloa dura (Poaceae)

The plant Sclerochloa dura is traditionally used in South-East Serbia to treat menstrual disorders characterized by pain and excessive bleeding. According to subjects’ statements, a reduction in bleeding and pain is experienced shortly after oral intake. The focus of this investigation was to determine the inhibitory effects of the plant on the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade alongwith the spectrophotometric determination of antioxidant capacity. The AA release assay was performed using the human fibroblastlike synoviocyte cell line SW982 to determine the AA release and hence phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity. The crude extract and subsequent fractions of S. dura inhibit IL-1 induced release of AA in a time- and dose-dependent manner in SW982 cells. The IC50 for the crude extract is 1.5 mg/mL at 4 h and 24 h of stimulation. Treating the cells with 0.22, 0.11 and 0.06 mg/mL of methanolic fraction resulted in 97%, 91%, and 63% inhibition of AA-release, respectively. One milligram of the crude extract contained 34.78 μg pyrocatechol equivalent phenolic content, 22.80 μg quercetin equivalent flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of 70.11 μg α-tocopherol equivalents. Strong inhibitory effects of the S. dura extracts on AA cascade may explain the reported pain- and discomfort relieving effects