Pre-season integrative neuromuscular training improves selected measures of physical fitness in highly trained youth male soccer players

This study examined the effects of an 8-week integrative neuromuscular training (INT) program, including balance, strength, plyometric, and change of direction exercises, on measures of physical fitness in youth male soccer players. Twenty-four male soccer players participated in this study. They were randomly allocated into an INT (n 5 12; age 5 15.7 6 0.6 years, body height 5 179.75 6 6.54 cm, body mass 5 78.20 6 7.44 kg, maturity-offset 5 +2.2 6 0.6 years) or an active control (CG, n 5 12; age 5 15.4 6 0.8 years, body height 5 178.4 6 6.4 cm, body mass 5 72 6 8.3 kg, maturity-offset 5 +1.9 6 0.7 years) group. Before and after training, tests to measure dynamic balance (Y-Balance test [YBT]), muscle strength (one repetition maximum [1RM]), muscle power (five jump test [FJT], single-leg hop test [SLHT], and countermovement jump [CMJ] height), linear sprint time (10 and 30-m), and change of direction with ball (CoDball) were performed. The analysis of covariance was used to test between-group differences (INT vs. CG) at posttest using baseline values as covariates. Significant, large, between-group differences at posttest were noted for the YBT (p 5 0.016; d 5 1.1), 1RM (p 5 0.011; d 5 1.2), FJT (p 5 0.027; d 5 1.0), SLHT (p 5 0.04; d 5 1.4), CMJ height (p , 0.001; d 5 1.9), 10-m sprint (p , 0.01; d 5 1.6), and CoDball (p , 0.05; d 5 0.9) in favor of the INT group. Significant moderate-to-large pre-to-post changes were detected in the INT group for YBT, 1RM, CMJ height, SLHT, FJT, 10-m and 30-m sprint time, and CoDball test (d 5 0.7 to 3.07, p , 0.05). No significant pre-to-post changes were observed in the CG (p . 0.05), except for 10-m sprint time (d 5 1.3; p , 0.05). Exposure to INT twice weekly is effective and time efficient to improve various measures of physical fitness in highly trained youth male soccer players

HORMONAL (CORTICAL-GONADOTROPIC AXIS) AND PHYSICAL CHANGES WITH TWO YEARS INTENSE EXERCISE TRAINING IN ELITE YOUNG SOCCER PLAYERS

International audienceHammami, MA, Ben Abderrahman, A, Hackney, AC, Kebsi, W, Owen, AL, Nebigh, A, Racil, G, Tabka, Z, and Zouhal, H. Hormonal (cortical-gonadotropic axis) and physical changes with two years intense exercise training in elite young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2388-2397, 2017-The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 2 soccer-training seasons on physical fitness and hormone concentrations in elite youth soccer players. Twenty male elite soccer players (SP, age 14.5 ± 0.4 years) and 20 male control subjects (CS, age 14.3 ± 0.3 years) participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements, aerobic (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 [YYIRT1]) and anaerobic soccer relevant performances (jump and sprint tests), blood testosterone (T), cortisol (C), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and T/C ratio were assessed 5 times (from T0 to T4) during 2 competitive seasons. Significant differences from basal values (Δ) of T, SHBG, and C between SP and CS were observed (p < 0.01). Additionally, T and T/C ratio changes were positively correlated with physical performance (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, as expected, higher T concentration and greater power performance were observed in the soccer players group compared with controls. Our findings also show that the T concentrations and power performance outcomes co-vary positively over the 2 soccer seasons in soccer players