4 research outputs found

    Study of the Effect of Pseudomonas Putida and Funneliformis Mosseae on the Growth and Productivity of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) in Senegal

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    In Senegal, the Niayes zone plays an important role in the economy of the country. It is the main horticultural production area. Among the crops cultivated, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the second place of horticultural crops. However, this crop is confronted with biotic and abiotic constraints leading to lower yields. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of beneficial microorganisms such as rhizobacteria from the group of fluorescent Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas putida) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Funeliformis mosseae) on the productivity of tomatoes. Soil samples were taken from the rhizosphere of tomato plants. The bacterial strains were isolated by the method of suspensions dilutions, and then seeded on King B medium. Their identification was carried out by using the MALDITOF mass spectrometer. In order to evaluate the effect of these microorganisms on productivity, an experiment was conducted in the field for three months. An experimental device with three randomize blocks was adopted with four block treatments: T (control), PS1 (Pseudomonas putida), Fm (Funneliformis mosseae) and PS1 + Fm. The results obtained showed that the inoculation of tomato plants with PS1 or in combination with Fm induced the best yields with values exceeding respectively 5 t / ha and 1.5 t / ha compared with non-inoculated plants. The yield reductions observed in the case of co-inoculation between Fm and PS1 compared with PS1 treatment alone would suggest an antagonistic effect. These strains of Pseudomonas putida constitute an alternative for the increase of tomato productivity in the Niayes zone

    Influence in vitro de divers facteurs abiotiques (température, pH, salinité) sur la croissance mycélienne de trois souches locales de Trichoderma sp.

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    Les Trichoderma sont des champignons imparfaits saprophytes que l’on retrouve dans divers milieux comme le sol, le bois mort, les débris des végétaux et les organes aériens des plantes. Ils ont un rôle phytoprotecteur et stimulateur du développement des plantes associées. L’effet de différents facteurs abiotiques (température, pH, salinité) sur la croissance mycélienne de trois souches locales de Trichoderma a été évalué. Ces souches ont été isolées à partir de la rhizosphère de la tomate. Une étude préliminaire a été effectuée sur quatre milieux de culture (PDA, MEA, SB et DOX) pour la sélection du milieu d’étude. Les résultats obtenus montrent que le milieu PDA permet une meilleure croissance des souches de Trichoderma. La température optimale de croissance des différentes souches est de 29 °C et le pH 5 se révèle être le plus adéquat pour la culture des Trichoderma. Cette étude montre également que les souches de Trichoderma résistent à des concentrations de sel (NaCl) allant jusqu’à 3%.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Trichoderma, facteurs limitant, température, pH, salinité, milieu de cultureEnglish Title:  In vitro influence of various abiotic factors (température, pH, salinity) on mycelium growth of three local strains of Trichoderma sp.English AbstractTrichoderma are saprophytic imperfect fungi that are found in various environments such as soil, dead wood, vegetable fragments and plant aerial organs. They protect and stimulate development of related plants. Effects of various abiotic factors (temperature, pH, salinity) on mycelium growth of three local Trichoderma strains were investigated. These strains were isolated from tomato rhizosphere. A preliminary study was performed on four culture media (PDA, MEA, SB and DOX) for the selection of the best media. The results  showed that PDA medium was highly growth of Trichoderma strains. The optimum temperature for growth of different strains is 29 °C and pH 5 was found to be most suitable for Trichoderma culture. Indeed, Trichoderma strains resistant to salt concentrations (NaCl) up to 3%.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Trichoderma, limiting factors, temperature, pH, salinity, culture medi

    Effet de la salinité sur la germination graines et la croissance des semis de treize cultivars africains de sésame (Sesamum indicum L.)

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    Le sĂ©same (Sesamum indicum L.), une plante annuelle autofĂ©conde originaire d’Afrique et d’Inde, est très sensible aux stades de germination et de semis mais modĂ©rĂ©ment tolĂ©rant aux stress hydrique et salin. Cette Ă©tude menĂ©e en serre a pour objectif d’évaluer l’effet de diffĂ©rentes concentrations de NaCl sur la germination des graines et la croissance des semis de treize cultivars africains de sĂ©same provenant du SĂ©nĂ©gal, du Burkina Faso, du Cameroun et du Soudan. Un dispositif Ă  blocs randomisĂ©s avec deux facteurs et trois rĂ©pĂ©titions a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ© . Les rĂ©sultats montrent un effet nĂ©gatif du gradient de salinitĂ© sur les taux de germination, de survie, la biomasse fraiche, la biomasse sèche, le diamètre au collet et la longueur de la tige. Les cultivars AS09, AS13, AS14, AS15, AS19 et AS25 ont Ă©tĂ© moins affectĂ©s par la salinitĂ©. L’importance de l’effet dĂ©pressif dĂ©pend de la concentration de sel et de la variĂ©tĂ© de cultivar de sĂ©same. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), an annual self-pollinating plant native to Africa and India, is very sensitive to the stages of germination and sowing but moderately tolerant to water and salt stress. The objective of this greenhouse study is to assess the effect of different NaCl concentrations on seed germination and seedling growth of thirteen African sesame cultivars from Senegal, Burkina Faso, Cameroon and Sudan. A randomized block device with two factors and three replicates was used. The results show a negative effect of the salinity gradient on the germination rate, survival, fresh biomass, dry biomass, diameter at the collar and length of the stem. Cultivars AS09, AS13, AS14, AS15, AS19 and AS25 were less affected by salinity. The magnitude of the depressive effect depends on the concentration of salt and the sesame cultivar. &nbsp

    Connaissances des prestataires de soins sur la prescription de l’antibiothérapie dans les infections respiratoires aiguës chez l’enfant dans les structures sanitaires de la région médicale de Dakar, au Sénégal: Knowledges of health workers on the prescription of antibotherapy in acute respiratory infections in children in Dakar sanitary structures, in Senegal

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    Context and objective.  Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) are one of the first reasons for consultation in children and often result in a prescription of antibiotics. The present study aimed to evaluate knowledge of health workers on the ambulatory antibiotic prescription for ARI in children. Methods. This cross sectional study was a structured questionnaire-based survey on the knowledge, attitude and practice of health workers. The study was conducted in the Dakar medical region from July 13th to September 4th, 2018 and included health personnel that was qualified and authorized to prescribe drugs in children; trainees were excluded. Results. We interviewed 83 health professionals working in 20 health structures. Nearly 60% of them were general practitioners. Nasopharyngitis and angina were the most common ARIs. For all ARIs combined, antibiotics were prescribed in 72.8% of cases. These prescriptions were made in 100% of angina cases, 41% of rhinopharyngitis cases and 62% of bronchiolitis cases. Conclusion. Antibiotics are over-prescribed in ARF. The availability of precise algorithms for the management of ARF could reduce these antibiotic prescriptions and prevent the selection of multi-resistant germs. Contexte et objectif. Les infections respiratoires aiguĂ«s (IRA) constituent l’un des premiers motifs de consultation chez l’enfant et occasionnent souvent une prescription d’antibiotiques. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait d’évaluer la prescription des antibiotiques en ambulatoire dans les IRA chez l’enfant. MĂ©thodes. Il s’agissait d’une enquĂŞte type CAP (connaissance, attitude et pratique) du 13 juillet au 4 septembre 2018, menĂ©e au niveau de la rĂ©gion mĂ©dicale de Dakar. Nous avions inclus tout personnel de santĂ© qualifiĂ© et habilitĂ© Ă  faire des prescriptions chez l’enfant; les stagiaires Ă©taient exclus. RĂ©sultats. Nous avons interrogĂ© 83 professionnels de santĂ© exerçant dans 20 structures sanitaires. Près de 60% des professionnels interrogĂ©s Ă©taient des mĂ©decins gĂ©nĂ©ralistes. La rhinopharyngite et les angines Ă©taient les IRA les plus frĂ©quentes. Pour toutes les IRA confondues, les antibiotiques ont Ă©tĂ© prescrits dans 72,8% des cas. Ces prescriptions Ă©taient faites dans 100% des cas d’angine, 41% des rhinopharyngites et 62% des bronchiolites. Conclusion. Les antibiotiques sont surprescrits dans les IRA qui sont majoritairement virales. La mise Ă  disposition d’algorithme prĂ©cis sur la prise en charge des IRA pourrait diminuer ces prescriptions d’antibiotiques et prĂ©venir la sĂ©lection de germes multirĂ©sistants
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