930 research outputs found
Rites et Condition Humaine : Leçon sur les leçons des pÚres
Le rite est une activitĂ© humaine fondamentale. Par consĂ©quent, nous pouvons, sans aucun risque, dire que « notre » vie sociale nâexiste et nâa de sens que parce quâassujettie Ă une gamme dâactivitĂ©s rituelles. Ainsi, par le truchement des rites initiatique et mortuaire, les ĂȘtres humains cherchent Ă asseoir la quiĂ©tude, Ă la fois, mentale, somatique et sociale, nĂ©cessaire Ă leur survie.De la sorte, en prenant exemple sur les communautĂ©s dâAfrique noire, nous voulons dĂ©montrer que, en dĂ©finitive, il nâest pas du goĂ»t des NĂ©gro-africains de plaisanter avec certains usages rituels en ce quâils constituent le socle sur lequel reposent les activitĂ©s fondatrices de la vie.Mots-clĂ©s: Imaginaires, rite, initiation, mort, Afriqu
Comparison of the effectiveness and attractiveness of the trap "Sentrap"and two home-made prototypes to "Multilure" (conventional trap) in male anihilation technique Mbaye Ndiaye1* and Fabrice L. R.
The average catches of Bactrocera invadens obtained from home-made open-bottom dry traps of mineral water translucent plastic bottles of 1.5 L, 5 L, and "Sentrap" Open-top Dry local Trap (plastic prototype improved by SENCHIM, an agrochemicals industry based in Senegal) were compared to the conventional trap "Multilure" (Better World Manufacturing, Inc.., Miami, FL). Results show that no significant difference was found when "Multilure" was compared to the 5 L plastic bottle trap. The study of the relationships between catches and type of trap was significant for all of them. Sentrap, "Multilure" and 1.5 L bottle trap exhibited a very high significant dependency relationships (r = -0.969**, r = -0.903** and r = -0.801**; respectively and p< 0.01). And the 5 L bottle trap was significant with r = -0.801* and p< 0.05. Thus, in case of absence of conventional traps, the plastic bottle of 5 L could, therefore, be used as an alternative and its basal part painted in yellow should increase its efficiency. Also, due to simple design and less time needed for servicing "Sentrap", increasing its volume and openings and fixing firmly the upper part with a lid screw might improve its efficiency.Key words: Traps, catches, Bactrocera
Molecular characterization and expression of DERL1 in bovine ovarian follicles and corpora lutea
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major site of protein synthesis and facilitates the folding and assembly of newly synthesized proteins. Misfolded proteins are retrotranslocated across the ER membrane and destroyed at the proteasome. DERL1 is an important protein involved in the retrotranslocation and degradation of a subset of misfolded proteins from the ER. We characterized a 2617 bp cDNA from bovine granulosa cells that corresponded to bovine DERL1. Two transcripts of 3 and 2.6 kb were detected by Northern blot analysis, and showed variations in expression among tissues. During follicular development, DERL1 expression was greater in day 5 dominant follicles compared to small follicles, ovulatory follicles, or corpus luteum (CL). Within the CL, DERL1 mRNA expression was intermediate in midcycle, and lowest in late cycle as compared to early in the estrous cycle. Western blot analyses demonstrated the presence of DERL1 in the bovine CL at days 5, 11, and 18 of the estrous cycle. Co-immunoprecipitation using luteal tissues showed that DERL1 interacts with class I MHC but not with VIMP or p97 ATPase. The interaction between DERL1 and MHC I suggests that, in the CL, DERL1 may regulate the integrity of MHC I molecules that are transported to the ER membrane. Furthermore, the greater expression of DERL1 mRNA is associated with the active follicular development and early luteal stages, suggesting a role of DERL1 in tissue remodeling events and maintenance of function in reproductive tissues
Facteurs predictifs de mortalite par accident vasculaire cerebral (AVC) a la Clinique Neurologique du chu de Fann, Dakar - Senegal
Description Les AVC constituent un problème de santé publique avec une mortalité élevée. Objectif Identifier les facteurs prédictifs de mortalité par accidents vasculaires cérébraux à la Clinique Neurologique du CHU de Fann, Dakar. Méthodes Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective du 1er Janvier 2001 au 01 Novembre 2003 portant sur des patients avec AVC et ayant eu un examen tomodensitométrique cérébral. Les données sociodémographiques, les antécédents médicaux et chirurgicaux, les signes de gravité associés au tableau neurologique et le pronostic vital ont été collectés. Des analyses uni, bi et multivariées par la régression logistique multiple ont été effectuées. Résultats La population de patients (314) était composée de 56,1% de femmes avec une moyenne d’âge de 61,3 ans (±13,8), un délai moyen d’admission de 8,4 jours (±23,5). Les facteurs de risque d’AVC étaient dominés par l’HTA, l’antécédent d’AVC et le diabète. Les AVCI représentaient 60,2%. Un coma et une HTA étaient associés au tableau neurologique. Soixante dix huit (78) patients sont décédés soit un taux de létalité de 24,8%. Lors de l’analyse de régression logistique multivariée, seuls les antécédents d’AVC et l’existence de coma étaient associés de manière indépendante à la mortalité par AVC. Conclusion Ces résultats démontrent la nécessité d’une amélioration de la prise en charge des patients en unité de soins intensifs et la prévention des récidives d’AVC par une éducation sanitaire des malades.Mots-clés: accident vasculaire cérébral, mortalité, pronostic, Sénégal
Three-dimensional arrangement of ÎČ-tricalcium phosphate granules evaluated by microcomputed tomography and fractal analysis.
The macrophysical properties of granular biomaterials used to fill bone defects have rarely been considered. Granules of a given biomaterial occupy three-dimensional (3-D) space when packed together and create a macroporosity suitable for the invasion of vascular and bone cells. Granules of ÎČ-tricalcium phosphate were prepared using polyurethane foam technology and increasing the amount of material powder in the slurry (10, 11, 15, 18, 21 and 25g). After sintering, granules of 1000-2000ÎŒm were prepared by sieving. They were analyzed morphologically by scanning electron microscopy and placed in polyethylene test tubes to produce 3-D scaffolds. Microcomputed tomography (microCT) was used to image the scaffolds and to determine porosity and fractal dimension in three dimensions. Two-dimensional sections of the microCT models were binarized and used to compute classical morphometric parameters describing porosity (interconnectivity index, strut analysis and star volumes) and fractal dimensions. In addition, two newly important fractal parameters (lacunarity and succolarity) were measured. Compression analysis of the stacks of granules was done. Porosity decreased as the amount of material in the slurry increased but non-linear relationships were observed between microarchitectural parameters describing the pores and porosity. Lacunarity increased in the series of granules but succolarity (reflecting the penetration of a fluid) was maximal in the 15-18g groups and decreased noticeably in the 25g group. The 3-D arrangement of biomaterial granules studied by these new fractal techniques allows the optimal formulation to be derived based on the lowest amount of material, suitable mechanical resistance during crushing and the creation of large interconnected pores
Prévalence de la démence dans une population de personnes ùgées sénégalaises
Description Avec le vieillissement de la population, survient la dĂ©mence dans la population de personnes ĂągĂ©es. Objectif. Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait dâestimer la prĂ©valence de cette affection dans une population de personnes ĂągĂ©es sĂ©nĂ©galaises. MĂ©thodes Par une Ă©tude transversale qui sâest dĂ©roulĂ©e du 01 mars 2004 au 31 dĂ©cembre 2005, des personnes ĂągĂ©es de 55 ans et plus venant consulter pour un problĂšme de santĂ© au Centre MĂ©dico-Social et Universitaire de lâIPRES (SĂ©nĂ©gal) ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©es sur le plan clinique et neuropsychologique. Des donnĂ©es sur les caractĂ©ristiques sociodĂ©mographiques, les antĂ©cĂ©dents mĂ©dico-chirurgicaux et familiaux, le mode de vie, le rĂ©seau social ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es Ă lâaide dâun questionnaire structurĂ© avec des rĂ©ponses fermĂ©es. RĂ©sultat La population Ă lâĂ©tude Ă©tait composĂ©e de 872 personnes. Elles avaient un Ăąge moyen de 67,2 ans ± 7,5.Elles Ă©taient de sexe masculin (62,6%), mariĂ©es (79%), non instruites (50,7%). Dans les antĂ©cĂ©dents, lâHTA, le diabĂšte, les affections respiratoires, les affections rhumatismales, la cataracte et les troublesdigestifs Ă©taient les plus frĂ©quents. Le tabagisme et lâalcoolisme Ă©tait faible alors que la marche constituait la principale activitĂ© physique. Les personnes ĂągĂ©es vivaient en famille avec un bon rĂ©seau social.Cinquante huit (58) personnes ont prĂ©sentĂ© une dĂ©mence (6,6%). La prĂ©valence de la maladie variait de maniĂšre significative avec lâĂąge et lâinstruction. Conclusion Ce rĂ©sultat confirme que la prĂ©valence de la dĂ©mence varie en fonction de lâĂąge et de lâinstruction de la personne ĂągĂ©e
The modified retrosigmoid approach: a how I do it
BACKGROUND: The traditional retrosigmoid (RS) approach provides limited exposure of the inferior compartment of the CPA, while radical skull base approaches are demanding and associated with significant morbidity.
METHODS: This study outlines the relevant surgical anatomy and the different surgical steps of a modified retrosigmoid (MRS) approach.
RESULTS: The MRS provides enhanced exposure of the CPA and deep vascular structures resulting from a modified RS craniotomy and limited exposure of the sigmoid sinus.
CONCLUSION: In selected posterior fossa lesions, this cisternal approach is a straightforward corridor that can be routinely performed as a safe alternative to radical cranial base approaches
Facteurs de risque de démence dans une population de personnes ùgées sénégalaises
Description La dĂ©mence est devenue un problĂšme de santĂ© publique. Dans le but dâune prĂ©vention, il est important de connaitre son Ă©pidĂ©miologie au SĂ©nĂ©gal. Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait dâidentifier les facteurs de risque de dĂ©mence dans une population de personnes ĂągĂ©es sĂ©nĂ©galaises. MĂ©thodesUne Ă©tude transversale a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e du 01 Mars 2004 au 31 DĂ©cembre 2005 auprĂšs dâune population de 872 personnes ĂągĂ©es de 55ans et plus utilisant le Centre MĂ©dicosocial et Universitaire de lâInstitut de PrĂ©voyance Retraite du SĂ©nĂ©gal pour des soins. Par une Ă©tude en deux phases, des donnĂ©es sociodĂ©mographiques, sur le mode de vie, le rĂ©seau social, les antĂ©cĂ©dents ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es Ă lâaide dâun questionnaire structurĂ© complĂ©tĂ© par un examen clinique et une Ă©valuation neuropsychologique. Le diagnostic de dĂ©mence reposait sur des critĂšres DSM IV-R
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Winter cover cropping effects on integrative biological indicators of soil quality
Responses of biological indicators of soil quality to winter cover cropping were measured on soil samples collected from 6 commercial growers' fields and two experiment research stations in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. The research stations were the North Willamette Research and Extension Center (Aurora, OR), and the Oregon State University Vegetable Farm (Corvallis, OR). The research stations and five on-farm sites compared winter cover crops or winter fallow in rotation with a summer vegetable crop. In one on-farm site, minimum tillage or conventional till following winter cover crops was compared. The objectives of this study were to: 1) monitor changes in soil biological properties under field managed with cover crops; 2) test potential of buried cotton strip as indicator of soil biological activity and as a soil quality index; and 3) assess the degree of correlation between tensile strength and cotton strip weight loss. The major findings were: 1) microbial biomass carbon and ÎČ-glucosidase activity were the most sensitive to cover crop management; 2) cotton strip decomposition was correlated to soil biological properties but was not very sensitive to management changes; and 3) that measuring weight loss was nearly as effective as tensile strength in assessing cotton strip decomposition in soils
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