The Links Between Migration, Poverty and Health: Evidence From Khayelitsha and Mitchell's Plain

In the mid-1950s, the City of Cape Town was part of a wider area demarcated as a Coloured Labour Preference Area. The free movement of African people into the city was strictly controlled and the residential areas were segregated along racial lines. In terms of Apartheid's grand design, an area designated Mitchell's Plain was demarcated for occupation by Coloured people in 1973 while another designated Khayelitsha was allocated for African people. The two areas were incorporated in one magisterial district, Mitchell's Plain, in the mid-1980s. A sample survey of the area was conducted in late November and early December 2000 with a focus on labour market issues. Its aim was to capture occupants of households aged 18 or older. The survey data has been interrogated to describe the connections between migration, poverty and health in a city where recent rapid urbanisation is changing the demographic profile significantly. As a consequence, the need to provide adequate infrastructure, decent housing and employment poses a daunting challenge ten years after the new democracy has been ushered in.

Determinants of the uptake of prenatal aneuploidy screening among pregnant women at The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya

INTRODUCTION: Aneuploidies present with an abnormal copy number of chromosomes. Majority are lethal with only a handful carrying on to term and beyond in pregnancy. Its currently recommended that all pregnant women be offered screening for aneuploidies. This is to facilitate pregnant women make informed choices regarding their pregnancies. At present the current uptake rate of aneuploidy screening in Kenya is unknown. The purpose of this study this study was to determine whether pregnant women are aware of aneuploidy screening, the uptake rate of screening and the determinants of screening at a tertiary private healthcare facility in Nairobi, Kenya. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between August to December 2021 that involved 325 pregnant women attending their antenatal clinics at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. A self administered questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics, pregnancy follow up information, knowledge and attitude towards aneuploidy screening and uptake of screening. RESULTS: Three hundred and twenty-five (325) pregnant women were enrolled over a period of 6 months. Of the 325 only 186 were aware of aneuploidy screening. Uptake rate of aneuploidy screening was found to be at 39.2% (95%CI: 32.2% - 46.7%) and the only statistically significant factor associated with increased uptake of aneuploidy screening was a positive attitude towards screening (AOR: 4.36; 95%CI: 1.95-10.81, p=0.001. CONCLUSION: The level of awareness of aneuploidy screening among pregnant women is low. Of those aware of the screening methods, less than half of them underwent screening and the concept of informed choice was lacking in a majority. Increased uptake rate of screening was associated with having a positive attitude towards aneuploidy screenin

THE INFLUENCE OF GENERAL INTELLIGENCE AND SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE ABILITY ON STUDENTS ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT

In this study, the objective was to test the intelligence ability and social intelligence of school students. Standardized questionnaire was used to measure the study variables including social intelligence test, intelligent ability, social intelligence on scholastic achievement for class 10 students in Nairob, Kenya. In this study, data is collected from students on the intelligence ability and social intelligence along with scholastic achievement using the exam score. The findings are that intelligence ability (beta=.786, P<.05) and social intelligence (beta=.978, P<.05) has positive significant effects on student’s scholastic achievement. The two factors explain 54.5% change in the scholastic achievement of students. Our second important finding are that intelligence (beta=.542, P<.05) and social intelligence (beta=.657, P<.05) has positive and significant influence on students’ academic achievement. These factors explain 43.4% change in the dependent variable. Third main findings are that there is no significant difference between male and female students in terms of mean score of intelligence ability and mean score of social intelligence

THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTRONIC MARKETING STRATEGIES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF EQUITY BANK LIMITED IN KENYA

The evolution and direction of any marketing strategy in local and international environments has forced firms to adopt electronic marketing strategies to gain competitive edge and viability in the market arena (Bui & Jones, 2006). Fast development of technologies, economic globalization and many other external circumstances stimulate changes in marketing environment. For the company to gain competitive edge in today's market, especially in the electronic market, it must have a good knowledge of the external environment, especially in technological environment that affects business operations. It is important for the company to know and predict environmental conditions that influence marketing activities. Some of the external factors that influence marketing activities of modern companies include; political, economic, social-cultural, and technological factors (Adam, Mulye,Deans & Palihawadana, 2002). The study used descriptive cross sectional census survey. The design is appropriate since all the units of interest were investigated. Comparative analysis amongst all the units was done and the phenomenon under the study described as they appear to be satisfactory. From the findings, it was established that the performance of commercial banks is affected by the electronic marketing strategies selected by the bank. There is a rapid development in technology and hence banks are not being left behind in the adoption of new technology, due to either pressure from customers, stiff competition or change in technology. The banks performance is affected by electronic marketing strategies selected. The banks which have adopted the electronic marketing strategies, the performance is improved, banks which have not yet adopted the electronic marketing strategies are struggling in the performance. The banking sector should embrace electronic marketing strategy in order to survive in the rapidly changing markets. JEL: G21; D20; D83 Article visualizations

Dynamics of land use/cover changes and modelling urban growth of Nairobi city using cellular automata and geographical information systems

Thesis (Ph. D. in Integrative Environmental Science)--University of Tsukuba, (A), no. 3996, 2006.3.24Includes bibliographical reference

Anemia & its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Mbagathi County Hospital, Nairobi County, Kenya

Introduction: Anemia is one of the most common nutritional deficiency diseases observed globally. It affects more than a quarter of the world’s population. Globally, 41.8% of pregnant women and close to one third of non-pregnant women (30.2%) are anemic. The paper describes factors associated with anemia in pregnant women at Mbagathi County Hospital which admits many patients coming from Kibera. A low income slum in Nairobi. Kenya.Objective: The objective was to determine the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Mbagathi County Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya.Methodology: A Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 01 to October 30, 2016 employing a systematic random sampling method to select participants.Analysis was done using SPSS version 17.0 to obtain descriptive statistics such as Frequency, Percentage, Mean and Standard deviation. This was used to describe selected variables. Chisquare test and odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) was computed to determine the association between INDEPENDENT and DEPENDENT variables. Logistic regression analysis was done to determine factors significantly and independently predicting anemia during pregnancy.Results: The results revealed the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women to be 40.7% with a significant association of Helminthic infestation and anemia (p =0.003). Education showed statistically significant relationship with anemia (p =0.001). There was a strong association between prevalence of anemia and the dietary practices (p =0.003). Anemia among pregnant women is found to be a severe public health problem, based on the World Health Organization classification of anemia.Conclusion: Thus, this study concluded that routine iron supplementation in pregnancy and early initiation of antenatal clinic attendance could reduce the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy.Hence, daily intake of foods rich in iron is recommended for women to reduce prevalence of iron deficiency (anemia) during pregnancy. In fact, girl child education can be used to further mitigate anemia in communities.Moreover, stringent measures should be taken to control parasitic infestations and other risk factors of anemia amongst women by disseminating Information to the public