Moth Flame Optimization Algorithm including Renewable Energy for Minimization of Generation & Emission Costs in Optimal Power Flow

Optimal power flow is an approach for enhancing power system performance, scheduling, and energy management. Because of its adaptability in a variety of settings, optimum power flow is becoming increasingly vital. The demand for optimization is driven by the need for cost-effective, efficient, and optimum solutions. Optimization is useful in a variety of fields, including science, economics, and engineering. This problem must be overcome to achieve the goals while keeping the system stable. Moth Flame Optimization (MFO), a recently developed metaheuristic algorithm, will be used to solve objective functions of the OPF issue for combined cost and emission reduction in IEEE 57-bus systems with thermal and stochastic wind-solar-small hydropower producing systems. According to the data, the MFO generated the best results across all simulated research conditions. MFO, for example, offers a total cost and emission of power generation of 248.4547 $/h for IEEE 57-bus systems, providing a 1.5 percent cost savings per hour above the worst values obtained when comparing approaches. According to the statistics, MFO beats the other algorithms and is a viable solution to the OPF proble

Recent advances and open challenges in RFID antenna applications

Ultra-high-frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has been gaining significance with the progression of wireless communication systems and equipment having a wide variety of applications. This technology has been promoted as a low-cost, low-energy method of operation. A huge number of papers demonstrate the possibility of foreign materials or specific objects being tracked and monitored in food packaging, healthcare, agriculture, and environmental conditions. Maximum work focuses on area coverage, and significant information has been gathered to exhibit possibilities, but some open challenges and limitations have also been manifested in the previous research. Thus, further information is needed for a profound understanding of the RFID antenna method to make them dependable and applicable. From a system point of view, the challenges and state-of-the-art techniques of the UHF RFID antenna are comprehensively summarized and clearly highlighted in terms of sensing and communication. Oncoming aptitudes with recommended challenges to mitigate current limitations of RFID antenna design are also discussed

Substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) microwave sensor theory and model in characterising dielectric material : A review

Microwave sensors offer appealing features such as susceptibility, quick response, and non-invasiveness, making them valuable tools for highly accurate measurements of material characterisation. A wide range of techniques, including cavity waveguide, planar transmission line, cavity waveguide perturbation, open-ended coaxial probe, and free-space transmission, have been employed to characterise materials that are essential for their cost-effectiveness, ease of manufacturing, high sensitivity, good quality factor (Q-factor), and compact size, allowing them to be applied to different material types. Among the microwave sensor types, the substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) has emerged as a promising technology in order to characterise materials in an efficient manner. This paper presents a review of the current state and potential opportunities of SIW microwave sensors in the characterisation of dielectric materials. It provides insights into various design principles, techniques, and applications of SIW microwave sensors across different sectors, highlighting their advantages and limitations compared to conventional waveguide-based sensors. Furthermore, the paper summarises several fabrication methods that can be implemented for SIW microwave sensors to enable the production of efficient and reliable sensors. Additionally, the future directions provided in this paper aim to contribute to the ongoing development and optimisation of SIW-based microwave sensors for accurate and efficient dielectric material characterisation. Overall, this review article serves as a beneficial resource for new researchers seeking to understand the role of SIW microwave sensors in material characterisation. It outlines the current status, opportunities, and potential advancements of SIW sensors, shedding light on their significance and potential impact in the field of material characterisatio

Substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) microwave sensor theory and model in characterising dielectric material: A review

Microwave sensors offer appealing features such as susceptibility, quick response, and non-invasiveness, making them valuable tools for highly accurate measurements of material characterisation. A wide range of techniques, including cavity waveguide, planar transmission line, cavity waveguide perturbation, open-ended coaxial probe, and free-space transmission, have been employed to characterise materials that are essential for their costeffectiveness, ease of manufacturing, high sensitivity, good quality factor (Q-factor), and compact size, allowing them to be applied to different material types. Among the microwave sensor types, the substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) has emerged as a promising technology in order to characterise materials in an efficient manner. This paper presents a review of the current state and potential opportunities of SIW microwave sensors in the characterisation of dielectric materials. It provides insights into various design principles, techniques, and applications of SIW microwave sensors across different sectors, highlighting their advantages and limitations compared to conventional waveguide-based sensors. Furthermore, the paper summarises several fabrication methods that can be implemented for SIW microwave sensors to enable the production of efficient and reliable sensors. Additionally, the future directions provided in this paper aim to contribute to the ongoing development and optimisation of SIW-based microwave sensors for accurate and efficient dielectric material characterisation. Overall, this review article serves as a beneficial resource for new researchers seeking to understand the role of SIW microwave sensors in material characterisation. It outlines the current status, opportunities, and potential advancements of SIW sensors, shedding light on their significance and potential impact in the field of material characterisation

Substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) microwave sensor theory and model in characterising dielectric material: A review

Microwave sensors offer appealing features such as susceptibility, quick response, and non-invasiveness, making them valuable tools for highly accurate measurements of material characterisation. A wide range of techniques, including cavity waveguide, planar transmission line, cavity waveguide perturbation, open-ended coaxial probe, and free-space transmission, have been employed to characterise materials that are essential for their cost-effectiveness, ease of manufacturing, high sensitivity, good quality factor (Q-factor), and compact size, allowing them to be applied to different material types. Among the microwave sensor types, the substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) has emerged as a promising technology in order to characterise materials in an efficient manner. This paper presents a review of the current state and potential opportunities of SIW microwave sensors in the characterisation of dielectric materials. It provides insights into various design principles, techniques, and applications of SIW microwave sensors across different sectors, highlighting their advantages and limitations compared to conventional waveguide-based sensors. Furthermore, the paper summarises several fabrication methods that can be implemented for SIW microwave sensors to enable the production of efficient and reliable sensors. Additionally, the future directions provided in this paper aim to contribute to the ongoing development and optimisation of SIW-based microwave sensors for accurate and efficient dielectric material characterisation. Overall, this review article serves as a beneficial resource for new researchers seeking to understand the role of SIW microwave sensors in material characterisation. It outlines the current status, opportunities, and potential advancements of SIW sensors, shedding light on their significance and potential impact in the field of material characterisation