Effect of different electrical stunning methods on meat quality of marmara Kivircik breed lamb in Turkey Republic

The effects of head-only electrical stunning method were compared with the effects of headtoback electrical stunning method. A total of 90 kivircik breed lambs were randomly allocated immediately prior to slaughter to one of three stunning treatments: control group (C), head only group (HO; 1.0 AAC for 3 s at a frequency of 50 Hz), head to back group (HB; 1,0 A- AC for3s ata frequency of 50 Hz) electrical stunning. Meat quality was assessed by examining pH, color as L, a, b values, water holding capacity (WHC) and shear force. The effect on meat quality was assessed in head-only electrically stunned, head to back electrically stunned and non-stunned lambs. Shear forces were not significantly different between treatments. However color (L*,a*,b*), water holding capacity (WHC) and muscle ultimate pH were found to be significantly higher (P<0.05) between the groups

Cotton-Textile-Apparel sectors of Pakistan: Situations and challenges faced

"Cotton, textiles, and apparel are critical agricultural and industrial sectors in Pakistan. This study provides descriptions of these sectors and examines the key developments emerging domestically and internationally that affect the challenges and opportunities they face. One-quarter of Pakistani farmers, of whom about 40 percent have household incomes below the poverty line, grow cotton. Export controls and taxes kept cotton prices below international levels until the mid-1990s but have subsequently tracked export parity international levels following reforms to trade and pricing policies and a greater role for the private sector. Pakistani farmers have not formally adopted genetically modified Bt cotton but there is some field evidence of its unregulated use. Despite constraints in its production, storage, and ginning sectors, the production of cotton yarn increased at an annual rate of 4.7 percent during 1990–2005 and Pakistan's share of world output increased to nearly 10 percent. Cotton-related products account for nearly 60 percent of Pakistan's export earnings. The textile industry still produces mostly fabrics of relatively low count (low quality) although it has been successful in expanding its exports of some higher-value products. The industry will need further entrepreneurial initiatives to remain competitive in international markets. Among the farm households that produce cotton, about 40 percent of total income comes from its production. The decline in world prices that occurred in the late 1990s adversely affected these households. Household-level simulations suggest that a counterfactual 20 percent increase of cotton prices, which reflects the extent to which real cotton prices declined in Pakistan during this period, would have reduced the percentage of cotton-producing households below the poverty line in 2001 from 40 percent to 28 percent. The estimated effect from declining cotton prices explains about one-sixth of the overall observed increase of rural poverty in the period." from authors' abstractCotton, textiles, Apparel, Rural poverty, subsidies, Industry policy, World markets, Globalization, Markets, trade,

The Different Magnetic Results of Anemi and PPM Measurements on the Buried Remains of a 13th Century Fortress

This study aimed to evaluate the different magnetic results of an electromagnetic induction with proton magnetometer measurements on an archaeological site. The electromagnetic induction allows measuring both the apparent magnetic susceptibility in part per thousand (ppt) and the apparent electrical conductivity in millisiemens (mS/m). A proton magnetometer measures the total magnetic intensity in nanotesla (nT), caused by the induced and remanent magnetisations. An archaeological site where historical documents indicated the presence of a 13th century fortress that built by Lamuri Sultanate was selected as a test area. The measurement were conducted by divided the study area into 10 profiles.Some standard data processing have been applied to the measured data. The result of the first survey with electromagnetic induction showed low magnetic anomalies in the buried remains of Lamuri fortress. The similar value are shown as well by low magnetic field intensity in magnetometer measurement

New Interventions by silicone grease in synthesis

In redox-transmetallation protolysis (RTP) reactions in tetrahydrofuran (thf) between excess scandium or cerium metal, Hg(C6F5)(2) and 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (Me(2)pzH) in silicone greased Schlenk flasks, formation of the 3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl(dimethyl)siloxide (Me(2)pzSiMe(2)O) ligand was observed. Thus the former reaction gave [Sc-2(Me(2)pz)(4)(Me(2)pzSiMe(2)O)(2)] 1 in good yield, whilst the latter gave a mixture of [Ce4O(Me(2)pz)(9)(Me(2)pzSiMe(2)O)(2)] 2 a, [Ce4O(Me(2)pz)(11)] 2 b, both mixed oxidation state species, and the Ce-IV complex [Ce(Me(2)pz)(4)(Me(2)pzH)] 2 c

From social interactions to private environmental behaviours: The case of consumer food waste

Consumer food waste, like many environmental behaviours, takes place in private, and is not directly subject to social monitoring. Nevertheless, social interactions can affect private opinions and behaviours. This paper builds an agent-based model of interactions between consumers heterogeneous in their sociability, their initial opinions and behaviours related to food waste, and their willingness to consider different opinions, in order to assess how social interactions can affect private behaviours. Compared to existing models of opinion dynamics, we innovate by including a range of “cognitive dissonance” between stated opinions and actual behaviours that consumers are willing to accept before changing one of the two. We calibrate the model using questionnaire data on household food waste in Italy. We find that a limited degree of mixing between different socio-demographic groups, namely adult and young consumers, is enough to trigger change, but a certain openness of mind is required from more wasteful individuals. Equally, a small group of environmentally committed consumers can attract a sizeable share of the population towards low-waste behaviours if they show a certain variability of opinions and are willing to compromise with individuals in their close neighbourhood in terms of opinions. These findings can help design effective interventions to promote pro-environmental behaviours, taking advantage of the beneficial network effects while anticipating negative externalities