As investigation of quantity and quality factors and healty condition situation for sturgeon fry in Shahid Marjany and Sade Voshmgir Hatcheries

Survy on some quality and quantity factors on Strugeon fry has been conducted at two ratcheries in cluding Shaiid Marjany and Voshmgear Sad from may to late July for the years 2000 to 2001. Of 64 , 15 and 2 ponds have been randomly collected in 2000 for Voshmgear sad and Shaiid Marjany respectively.In 2001, 17 and 5 out of 65 ponds were collected for the former and latter ones respectively. The items for the quality investigation included : 1- inspection of fry disease 2- inspection of physical and chemical factors for ponds 3- inspection of phytoplankton. Quality investigation was related to count the fry during releasing, growth coefficient and condition factor. No disease was observed for fry in Shaiid Marjany hatcheries Based on 210 and 372 fish examined in 2000 and 2001respectively. In 2000, of 953 fry specimen examined in Voshmgear Sad ,36.1% was infected to Tricodina parasite and 16.4% out of the total 1196 specimen examined in 2001, followed by Jearodactylous parasite.In relation to physical and chemical factors, the average temperature of water was higher than the opitimal one for both hatcheries. Transparency was low wherease NO_3 , NO_2 and aurtophofat was in optimum condition..It was indicated that phytoplanktons belonging to Clorophyta phylum constituted the highest value in terms of biomass , followed by Clorophyta and cyanophyta Ones. The highest abundance was related to pediastrum , cholorella and scenedesmus genouses. It was the same for Shaiid Margany hatchenes. Quality investigations showed that Voshmgear and Shaiid Marjany hatcheries accounted for 836% and 16.4% of the total provience production in 2000. It indicated 59% and 40.36% for the hatcheries respectively in 2001. In 2000, high and low proudction of voshmgear Sad was as 84.4% and 3.8 which was related to Acipenser persicvs borodine , Acipenser guldenstadti brondt respecively. In 2001 , These amounts were as 98% and 0.5% for these species respectively.The highest value of releasing for fish below 3g belonged to to Acipenser persicvs borodine species which was as 76% and 63% in 2000 and 2001 respectively. In 2000 , the hishest and lowest level of proudction at Sahiid Marjany hatcheries was related to Acipenser guldenstadti brondt and Acipenser persicvs borodine species with values of 35.6% and 29.28% respectively. Acipenser persicvs borodine species accounted for 83.5% of the toal fish below 3g, indicating the lowest value in 380 and Acipenser persicus borodine , Huso huso constituted the highest (71%) and lowest (8%) production .The highest level of releasing for fiy (below 39 g) was related to Acipenser persicus borodine species (23.8%)

Diversity of geophilic dermatophytes species in the soils of iran; the significant preponderance of nannizzia fulva

A molecular epidemiology study was conducted between 2016 and 2017 by a network of collaborators from 12 provinces in the Islamic Republic of Iran. A total of 1484 soil samples from different habitats were screened for the presence of dermatophytes by using the hair baiting technique. The primary identification of isolates was carried out by amplification and MvaI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the internal transcribed spacers regions of ribosomal DNA (ITS-rDNA). The identifications, especially in the cases of isolates with unknown RFLP patterns, were confirmed by sequencing of the ITS-rDNA region. As a result, 256 isolates were recovered. The isolation rate was higher in soils with pH range 7.1–8.0, collected from animal habitats (n = 78; 34%) and parks and gardens (n = 75; 32%), geographically from Mazandaran Province (n = 115; 49.5%) and seasonally in the spring (n = 129; 50.4%), all of which were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The dermatophytes comprising five species of the two genera, viz., Nannizzia fulva (n = 214), N. gypsea (n = 34), Arthroderma quadrifidum (n = 5), A. gertleri (n = 2) and A. tuberculatum (n = 1), were isolated. The geophilic dermatophytes occurred in various soils from different parts of Iran; however, surprisingly, N. fulva emerged as the dominant species, outnumbering the common geophilic species of N. gypsea. For the definitive identification of soil inhabitant dermatophytes, DNA-based identification is strongly recommended

Survey on health status in aquaculture sturgeons centers (Mazandaran, Guilan And Golestan Provinces)

Study of survey health management and diseases in hatcheries and fish farms can help us to knowledge and application control methods such as: prevention, treatment and increase high levels of production in hatchery and farms, finally. This survey carried out from 2005 to 2008 for 4 years in sturgeon hatcheries and farms of Golestan province. Sturgeon fishes include Huso Huso, Ship sturgeon, Acipenser persicus collected and for virology, bacteriology, fungius and hematology examined. Also, physicochemical parameters measured and recorded in different stages of culture. Results of this study showed that all of samples in virology was negative and did not observe any doubetful causes. In bacteriology CFU was variation from 3/9 ×105 to 6/9×10. The most parasites that detected in this survey was Cocolanus espherolanus, Sceria binopsulus semiarmatus and Amphilina fuliacea that separates from Acipenser Percicus, especially. The results about hematology parameters some important hematological indices of ship sturgeon include: The total RBC for female and mail specimens measured as 5.3±1.5 ×10^5, 4.8±0.5×10^5 per mm^3 respectively. The amount of haematocrit and hemoglobin for female and mail determined: 34.3±2.8, 35±1.4 percent and 10.3±0.9, 8.9±0.8 gr/dl .The MCV: 216.3± 96.2, 736.5± 102.5, MCH: 720.2±309.5, 186±0.7 and MCHC: 30±0.8, 25.5±3.4 percent respectively.The total WBC were (female, male): 21320±1054, 20580±777 per mm^3 and neutrophil: 16.4±2.5, 17±1.4 percent and lymphocyte: 74.4±2.4, 73.5± 0.7 percent and eosinophil: 6±1.4, 6.4±0.5 percent, monocyte: 2.8±0.8, 3.5±0.7 percent. There was not any significant differences (p>0.05) between mentioned parameters in male and female (students t-test). Also evaluation of hematological parameters in bluga ( Huso huso) include: total RBC were (male , female) 5±0.3 ×105 , 4.9±0.6 ×105 per mm^3 ,respectively and hematocrit: 33.2±6.7 , 35.4±3.4 percent and hemoglobin: 11.2±1.5 , 12.2±1gr/dl and MCV: 669.9±172.2, 723.9±982.4 and MCH: 226.2±42.5, 249.5±35.4 and MCHC: 34.1±2.4, 34.6±3.6 percent respectively. The totals WBC were (male, female): 24800±707.1, 23042±1375.4 per mm^3 and neutrophil: 18.5±0.7, 21.4±1.1 percent and lymphocyte: 73.5±1.4, 68.4±1.1 percent and eosinophil: 5±2.8, 7±1.2 percent and monocyte: 3.5±3.5, 3.2±0.8 percent. According to statistically study the count of lymphocyte had significant difference between male and female fish and this count in male was higher than female. (p≥0.05)

Chronic migraine caused a higher rate of tendency to cannabinoid agonist compared to morphine

Opioid and cannabinoid systems have considerable roles in the modulation of chronic pain as well as regulation reward circuit and addiction responses. This study investigated the effect of nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced migraine attack on the acquisition of morphine and cannabinoid-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in male rats. Adult male rats (230-250 gr) were used. Experimental groups were included (n=10): control, opioid receptor agonist morphine (10 mg/kg), WIN55,212-2 (1 mg/kg) as a cannabinoid receptor agonist, NTG + morphine (10 mg/kg) and NTG + WIN55,212-2 (1 mg/kg). Nitroglycerin (10 mg/kg) was used to induce migraine attacks every other day for 9 days. After migraine induction, conditioning performance was assessed by CPP test. During conditioning days, morphine and WIN55,212-2 were injected subcutaneously and intraperitoneally, respectively. Anxiety and locomotor activity were evaluated using open field test (OFT). According to data, conditioning score for morphine-treated rats was significantly decreased following NTG-induced migraine (p<0.01). However, NTG-induced migraine was able to increase the conditioning score in WIN55,212-2 as compared to the control group (p<0.05). In OFT, there were no significant differences in locomotor activity and grooming behaviors between experimental groups. However, time spent in the center of the OFT box was significantly decreased in NTG plus morphine-treated rats as compared to control (p<0.05). Moreover, rearing response in NTG-treated groups which received either morphine or WIN55,212-2 decreased as compared to the control group (p<0.01). NTG induced migraine prompts a decrease in morphine and an increase in cannabinoid performances. So, these compounds� effects on drug dependency during migraine attacks may occur at different mechanisms. (www.actabiomedica.it). © Mattioli 1885

Nitric oxide role in anxiety-like behavior, memory and cognitive impairments in animal model of chronic migraine

The occurrence of cognitive dysfunctions and anxiety and mood disorders has been shown to be higher in migraine patients. Nitric Oxide (NO) is a significant neurotransmitter in the pathophysiology of migraine, anxiety and neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the role of NO system in migraine-induced memory impairment and anxiety like behaviors. Nitroglycerin (NTG) was administered to the animals as an animal model of migraine and pretreatment with L-Arginine, L-NAME and saline were implemented to evaluate the role of NO system in possible cognitive impairments in animal model of migraine. Avoidance learning and memory performance, object recognition memory, anxiety-like behavior and motor activity were assessed using a shuttle box apparatus, novel object recognition, elevated plus-maze, and open field tests respectively. The data showed that the injection of nitroglycerin disturbs learning and memory and elicit anxiety like behavior in the animals. L-NAME administration suppressed the observed effect of nitroglycerin on memory and anxiety. Overall, the results indicated that nitric oxide system is implicated in memory impairments and anxiety like behavior in an animal model of migraine. © 2020 The Author(s) Nitric oxide; Migraine; Cognitive function; Anxiety; Neuroscience; Cell biology; Physiology; Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology © 2020 The Author(s