STRATEGI GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI ANAK USIA DINI DI TAMAN KANAK – KANAK YAYASAN KASIH IBU PENINJAUAN KECAMATAN MARO SEBO ULU KABUPATEN BATANGHARI

Berdasarkan observasi awal yang penulis laksanakan, permasalahan yang ditemukan dilapangan adalah Bagaimana cara komunikasi anak sebelum menggunakan strategi yang digunakan guru pendidikan anak usia dini untuk meningkatkan komunikasi anak di Taman Kanak – Kanak Yayasan Kasih Ibu Peninjauan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, data dalam penelitian tidak diperoleh melalui prosedur statistik atau bentuk hitung lainnya. Penelitian kualitatif adalah penelitian yang bermaksud untuk memahami fenomena tentang apa yang dialami oleh subjek penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian perkembangan komunikasi anak di Taman Kanak – Kanak Yayasan Kasih Ibu Peninjauan, sudah dilakukan namun perlu ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan media yang lebih menarik serta metode yang berbeda agar perkembangan komunikasi pada anak semakin meningkat dan anak dapat berkomunikasi dengan baik, strategi guru dalam meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi anak dengan metode cerita bergambar di Taman kanak – Kanak Yayasan Kasih Ibu Peninjauan dengan memberikan contoh cara berkomunikasi dengan baik agar anak terbiasa untuk berkomunikasi secara baik untuk menciptakan pembelajaran yang menarik menggunakan media cerita bergambar agar dapat meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi pada anak

Diameter of General Kn\"odel Graphs

The Kn\"odel graph $W_{\Delta,n}$ is a $\Delta$-regular bipartition graph on $n\ge 2^{\Delta}$ vertices and $n$ is an even integer. The vertices of $W_{\Delta,n}$ are the pairs $(i,j)$ with $i=1,2$ and $0\le j\le n/2-1$. For every $j$, $0\le j\le n/2-1$, there is an edge between vertex $(1, j)$ and every vertex $(2,(j+2^k-1) \mod (n/2))$, for $k=0,1,\cdots,\Delta-1$. In this paper we obtain some formulas for evaluating the distance of vertices of the Kn\"odel graph and by them, we provide the formula $diam(W_{\Delta,n})=1+\lceil\frac{n-2}{2^{\Delta}-2}\rceil$ for the diameter of $W_{\Delta,n}$, where $n\ge (2\Delta-5)(2^{\Delta}-2)+4$.Comment: 8 pages, 1 tabl

Prevalence of cysticercus of Taenia saginata in cattle slaughtered

Background: Taenia saginata is a parasite infecting cattle. Human and cattle are as definitive hosts and intermediate hosts, respectively. Humans infected by eating raw or undercooked beef containing larval cysts. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of T. saginata in cattle in the slaughterhouse of Bistoons Kermanshah (Iran) in 2010-2011. Methods: In order to determine the infection in cattle slaughtered, 100,040 carcasses were observed and inspected along 24 months, from January 2010 until December 2011. Organs like heart, masseter muscles, tongue, triceps muscles, diaphragm, thigh, back ribs, kidney and liver were cut and inspected by eye-and-knife method. Results: In 2010, 29 cases (0.06%) from 48171 and in 2011, 20 cases (0.03%) from 51869 of carcasses were infected. According to the result of this study, the most contaminated organs were heart and tongue. Conclusion: Eye-and-knife method was also less sensitive than standard method (the method used in South Africa, Germany and England) for diagnosis of T. saginata in carcasses

A Direct Demand Model of Departure Time and Mode for Intercity Passenger Trips

Travel demand is well announced as a crucial component of transportation planning. This paper aims to develop a direct demand model, denoting a more acceptable abstraction of reality, for intercity passengers in daily work and leisure trips in Tehran province. The model utilizes combined estimation across the data source, collected in 2011, of travelers originating from the city of Tehran and heading toward two destination clusters: intra-province and inter-province. The paper sketches a way to predict simultaneous choice of departure time and travel mode under the influence of zonal (origin, destination, and residence), individual and household socio-demographic, and trip-related variables. The time frame for analysis of departure time is [5-19] and available modes are auto, taxi, bus, and metro. Multinomial Logit (MNL) and Nested Logit (NL) models as behavioral models are selected from discrete choice family to provide appropriate direct demand structure. Besides, the paper discusses Independent Irrelative Alternative (IIA) assumption of the models and demonstrates choice order of NL; Travelers choose departure time prior to mode at first level and then decide on mode at second level. Finally, travel demand elasticity and marginal effect with respect to travel time, age, and auto cost are also highlighted

Interrelationships among Egg, Larvae and Maternal Characteristics in Persian Sturgeon Acipenser persicus

This study was aimed to observe the correlations among egg, larvae and maternal characteristics of Persian sturgeon. A total of 41 females were used and the variables including fertilization rate, incubation survival rate, larvae survival rate during yolk sac absorption (before feeding), and larvae survival rate after first feeding were determined. As a result, fertilization rate was positively correlated with three variables: incubation survival, larvae survival during yolk sac absorption, and GSI (gonadosomatic index). Also, maternal size (age, weight, total length) did not show a significant relation (P > 0.05) with incubation survival, larvae survival during yolk sac absorption and larvae survival at first feeding stage