2 research outputs found
Li, Na, K, Mg, Zn, Al, and Ca Anode Interface Chemistries Developed by SolidāState Electrolytes
Abstract Solidāstate batteries (SSBs) have received significant attention due to their high energy density, reversible cycle life, and safe operations relative to commercial Liāion batteries using flammable liquid electrolytes. This review presents the fundamentals, structures, thermodynamics, chemistries, and electrochemical kinetics of desirable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) required to meet the practical requirements of reversible anodes. Theoretical and experimental insights for metal nucleation, deposition, and stripping for the reversible cycling of metal anodes are provided. Ion transport mechanisms and stateāofātheāart solidāstate electrolytes (SEs) are discussed for realizing highāperformance cells. The interface challenges and strategies are also concerned with the integration of SEs, anodes, and cathodes for largeāscale SSBs in terms of physical/chemical contacts, spaceācharge layer, interdiffusion, latticeāmismatch, dendritic growth, chemical reactivity of SEI, current collectors, and thermal instability. The recent innovations for anode interface chemistries developed by SEs are highlighted with monovalent (lithium (Li+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+)) and multivalent (magnesium (Mg2+), zinc (Zn2+), aluminum (Al3+), calcium (Ca2+)) cation carriers (i.e.,Ā lithiumāmetal, lithiumāsulfur, sodiumāmetal, potassiumāion, magnesiumāion, zincāmetal, aluminumāion, and calciumāion batteries) compared to those of liquid counterparts