Financial Performance of Manufacturing Firms of Pakistan Using Z-Score Model (Listed Firms on Karachi Stock Exchange)

In this study researcher examined the financial performance of public listed firms on Karachi Stock Exchange in Pakistan for the period of six years (2006 to 2011). The nature of the data is secondary and selected four firms form the private sectors of Karachi stock exchange. Financial performances of private firms by using Z-score model of Edward Altman. The results of Z-score model shows that the profitability, liquidity, solvency, leverage and activity of the firm in which all the firm in green zone. It means that no bankruptcies indicate. We conclude with the help of Z-score model that in industrial firms the Pak. Data com Ltd is top performance, Pakistan International Container Terminal Ltd is second performance, the third performer is Pakistan National Shipping Corp Ltd and fourth performer is Pak International Airline Corp Ltd. Is the last because the profitability, liquidity, solvency, leverage, and activity position is low in these period. In the solvency all the firms are impressive in these periods. Keywords: Altman’s Z-score Bankruptcy, Liquidity, Solvency and Financial performance

A localization-free interference and energy holes minimization routing for underwater wireless sensor networks

Interference and energy holes formation in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) threaten the reliable delivery of data packets from a source to a destination. Interference also causes inefficient utilization of the limited battery power of the sensor nodes in that more power is consumed in the retransmission of the lost packets. Energy holes are dead nodes close to the surface of water, and their early death interrupts data delivery even when the network has live nodes. This paper proposes a localization-free interference and energy holes minimization (LF-IEHM) routing protocol for UWSNs. The proposed algorithm overcomes interference during data packet forwarding by defining a unique packet holding time for every sensor node. The energy holes formation is mitigated by a variable transmission range of the sensor nodes. As compared to the conventional routing protocols, the proposed protocol does not require the localization information of the sensor nodes, which is cumbersome and difficult to obtain, as nodes change their positions with water currents. Simulation results show superior performance of the proposed scheme in terms of packets received at the final destination and end-to-end delay

Rapid antigen testing by community health workers for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Dhaka, Bangladesh : a cross-sectional study

Peer reviewe

Genomics, social media and mobile phone data enable mapping of SARS-CoV-2 lineages to inform health policy in Bangladesh.

Genomics, combined with population mobility data, used to map importation and spatial spread of SARS-CoV-2 in high-income countries has enabled the implementation of local control measures. Here, to track the spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineages in Bangladesh at the national level, we analysed outbreak trajectory and variant emergence using genomics, Facebook 'Data for Good' and data from three mobile phone operators. We sequenced the complete genomes of 67 SARS-CoV-2 samples (collected by the IEDCR in Bangladesh between March and July 2020) and combined these data with 324 publicly available Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Bangladesh at that time. We found that most (85%) of the sequenced isolates were Pango lineage B.1.1.25 (58%), B.1.1 (19%) or B.1.36 (8%) in early-mid 2020. Bayesian time-scaled phylogenetic analysis predicted that SARS-CoV-2 first emerged during mid-February in Bangladesh, from abroad, with the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reported on 8 March 2020. At the end of March 2020, three discrete lineages expanded and spread clonally across Bangladesh. The shifting pattern of viral diversity in Bangladesh, combined with the mobility data, revealed that the mass migration of people from cities to rural areas at the end of March, followed by frequent travel between Dhaka (the capital of Bangladesh) and the rest of the country, disseminated three dominant viral lineages. Further analysis of an additional 85 genomes (November 2020 to April 2021) found that importation of variant of concern Beta (B.1.351) had occurred and that Beta had become dominant in Dhaka. Our interpretation that population mobility out of Dhaka, and travel from urban hotspots to rural areas, disseminated lineages in Bangladesh in the first wave continues to inform government policies to control national case numbers by limiting within-country travel

Natural selection shapes the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in Bangladesh

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved to give rise to a highly transmissive and immune-escaping variant of concern, known as Omicron. Many aspects of the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and the driving forces behind the ongoing Omicron outbreaks remain unclear. Substitution at the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the spike protein is one of the primary strategies of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron to hinder recognition by the host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and avoid antibody-dependent defense activation. Here, we scanned for adaptive evolution within the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron genomes reported from Bangladesh in the public database GISAID (www.gisaid.org; dated 2 April 2023). The ratio of the non-synonymous (Ka) to synonymous (Ks) nucleotide substitution rate, denoted as ω, is an indicator of the selection pressure acting on protein-coding genes. A higher proportion of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions (Ka/Ks or ω > 1) indicates positive selection, while Ka/Ks or ω near zero indicates purifying selection. An equal amount of non-synonymous and synonymous substitutions (Ka/Ks or ω = 1) refers to neutrally evolving sites. We found evidence of adaptive evolution within the spike (S) gene of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron isolated from Bangladesh. In total, 22 codon sites of the S gene displayed a signature of positive selection. The data also highlighted that the receptor-binding motif within the RBD of the spike glycoprotein is a hotspot of adaptive evolution, where many of the codons had ω > 1. Some of these adaptive sites at the RBD of the spike protein are known to be associated with increased viral fitness. The M gene and ORF6 have also experienced positive selection. These results suggest that although purifying selection is the dominant evolutionary force, positive Darwinian selection also plays a vital role in shaping the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in Bangladesh

An investigation on the raw materials and products of the briquetting machine

[Abstract]: In our country briquetting process is carried out in the screw-press type briquetting machine on which mainly briquetting of rice husk are commercially produced. Other alternatives are often run in commercial purpose because of various problem faced. But to become dependent on a single raw material will cause hamper when there is scarcity of that material in the market. Thus to take the full advantage of the locally available raw materials, different mixture of those are considered for producing briquetting. An experimental investigation has been conducted to evaluate the properties of different raw materials and their products from a briquetting machine. Significant properties of the product from different mixture of raw materials with different compositions have also been determined. A screw press type briquetting machine with heated die has been used for producing briquettes. An economic analysis of the system has also been performed in this study

An overview of energy profile for Bangladesh: past, present and future uses

[Abstract]: Bangladesh is a relatively poor country. Although its infrastructure level is relatively low, with few paved roads and poor telephone or electricity access, the potential for growth is quite high and entails a large future increase in energy demand. And although it is the most densely populated agricultural country in the world it also falls among the lowest per capita energy users in the world. However, Bangladesh was recently discovered to contain large reserves of natural gas, a major attraction to foreign investors. Natural gas is also a good source of relatively clean energy for the future, especially in a country where energy demand is growing at a rate of about 10% per year. This survey will first look at the past trends of energy use in Bangladesh, the current energy profile of the country's production, imports, exports and usage of fossil fuels and/or biomass. It will then address the predicted energy increases over the next twenty years, and conclude with an estimation of what the energy mix may look like by the year 202

A new scheduling technique to improve data management in cloud computing

Cloud Computing is an extremely successful service oriented computing paradigm and has revolutionized, modernized, and well-developed infrastructure of computing. It is being signaled as the next-generation shift which combines the Internet and computing, as a result, users will be able to access and store software, content, and data in remote servers run by other companies or by a client. Data Management is the key factor of Cloud Computing, which is „the right data in the right place at the right time’. It is also the development and execution of architectures, policies, practices, and procedures in order to manage the information lifecycle needs of an organization in an effective manner. Scheduling techniques, which are the important part of data management, are disciplines and procedures used for distributing resources between two different parties, that is, Cloud Computing provider and Cloud Computing service user. The main purposes of scheduling algorithms, architectures, and techniques are to minimize the starvation of resources and service during the right time for using. Existing models presents the whole scheduling architecture for data transferring process, by taking in two slots. External Scheduler (ES) in one, and Local Scheduler (LS) with Data Scheduler (DS) in another slot. But new proposed scheduling architecture takes all three scheduler separately. On the base of these three separate schedulers Queue Time (QT), Execution Time (ET), and Data Transfer time (DT), also have been taken separately in data transfer time calculation. Dealing with increasing huge amount of data makes the requirement more critical for efficient accessing of data. Scheduling techniques have their major involvement in managing day-by-day increased large data in cloud environment. This research proposes a new scheduling technique to calculate the Total Completion Time (TCT) for the transfer of specific amount of data. The formula for transfer time calculation has three parameters, namely the Queue Time (QT), Execution Time (ET), and Data Transfer time (DT). All these times (intervals) are different from each other and have their own importance during calculation. In previous exist models, one of these values, either QT or DT, has been ignored by taking maximum of them. Ignoring one value means decreasing the actual consuming time. The proposed model considers each parameter separately, means giving importance to each parameter. As an outcome, the Total Transferring Time for data can be the sum of QT, ET and DT in TCT. The proposed model Total Completion Time (TCT) has been evaluated by using a single server and finite population M/M/C/*/P queuing model. There is a great impact on accuracy by taking each parameter separately in the formula. Accuracy is 85% by using 56Kbps bandwidth (BW) and number of jobs (M) taken 2, it is increased up to 92.4639% for 50 jobs. The accuracy is 98.5000%; for 2 jobs, increases up to 99.1753% for jobs 50 by using BW 512kbps. Result shows that by using M > 500, stability point (where accuracy is 100%) can be achieved. Hence new technique is more efficient when we need to transfer large amount of data. Experiments showed that the proposed model is more reliable, in terms of accuracy. The proposed model has an accurate transfer time calculation, thus Cloud Computing can present its services in a more efficient manne

Cloud Computing: Locally Sub-Clouds instead of Globally One Cloud

Efficiency (in term of time consumption) and effectiveness in resources utilization are the desired quality attributes in cloud services provision. The main purpose of which is to execute jobs optimally, i.e., with minimum average waiting, turnaround and response time by using effective scheduling technique. Replication provides improved availability and scalability; decreases bandwidth use and increases fault tolerance. To speed up access, file can be replicated so a user can access a nearby replica. This paper proposes architecture to convert Globally One Cloud to Locally Many Clouds. By combining replication and scheduling, this architecture improves efficiency and easy accessibility. In the case of failure of one sub cloud or one cloud service, clients can start using another cloud under “failover” techniques. As a result, no one cloud service will go down

Towards Energy Saving in Computational Clouds: Taxonomy, Review, and Open Challenges

Cloud Computing involves utilization of centralized computing resources and services, including remote servers, storage, programs, and usages which minimize the power utilization of the client assets. Therefore, it is extremely important to accomplish energy efficiency of cloud computing. Virtualization is used to set up a foundation for the execution part as the heart of energy effective cloud. Virtualization incorporates certain advancements, such as consolidation and resource utilization. A number of techniques, such as DVFS virtualization as well as teleportation can be used by empowering the tasks of multiple virtual types of equipment to a single server to increase the vitality proficiency of datacenters. The objective of this review is to analyze contemporary for energy as well as performance management, vitality for effective data centers and resource distributions. Our review will address the latest issues researchers have addressed in energy as well as management of performance in recent years. We will take a closer look at these existing techniques based on tools, OS, virtualization, and datacenter stages taxonomy. Finally, a performance comparison of existing techniques is presented that can assist in identifying gaps for future research in this area