Extraocular Muscle Imbalance and Outcomes of Scleral Buckling Surgery for Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

Objective: The objective was to study the muscle imbalance, restrictive motility in unlike gazes and the outcomes of the scleral buckling surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Study design: Prospective follow-up study Settings and duration: The study was conducted at Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital Rawalpindi from Aug 2015 to Jan 2016. Methodology: The patients were checked prior to surgery and two follow up visits were done afterwards. Thorough history was taken along with full orthoptic assessment and ocular motility in all four main gazes including elevation, depression, adduction and abduction. Vision, type and position of explants, site of detachment, and risk factors of detachment were also observed. Results: A total of 48 eyes of 46 patients were taken. Mean age of the study participants was 37.16±20.37 years. Horizontal, vertical and combined deviations were observed in study population. Exo deviation was most common deviation among patients. Most reported risk factors of retinal detachment included trauma, pseudophakia, aphakia and myopia. Motility limitations of all four gazes was observed and it was found out that after buckling the squint and restriction is been increased up till two months. Conclusion: Ocular restriction among the patients was observed over a period of 2 months and it depicted that encircling with sclera buckling elicited an increase in restrictive ocular motility from pre-operative to 1 week and 2 months after surgery

Human Resource Management and Productivity: A Comparative Study among Banks in Bahawalpur Division

This study examines the effect of human resource management on the productivity of the organization and how different HR variables help an organization to achieve its objectives in efficient and effective way. Here, the focus is on seven basic variables of human resource management which include incentive pay, recruitment and selection, work teams, employment security, flexible job assignment, skills training and communication. The objective of the research is to find out how these variables operate among four different banks chosen; two private sector banks and two public sector banks. Employees have different opinions about different variables; however, the variables that contribute most to the productivity are recruitment and selection, skills training and job security. Keywords: human resource management, labor productivity, public sector, private sector, organization

Determinants of Employee Retention in Pakistan International Airlines (PIA)

The research was conducted with an aim to identify variables which influence the turnover intentions of the employees in organizations. For this purpose Pakistan International Airlines was taken as a case. The review of secondary data allowed the researcher to identify six variables which tend to influence employee turnover intentions in organizations. A survey was conducted to gather the primary data from the employees of PIA on these six variables. Chi-square association is used to analyze data. The analysis of the data revealed that greatest association exists between the experienced “career propagation chances” and the resulting “lower turnover intention” of the employees in relation to the career propagation chances they experienced. Association was also identified to exist between the experiences of the employees on “Incentive plans” , “work setting”, “supervisory support”, work life balance” and “organizational prestige” and the resulting “lower turnover intentions” in relation to each respective variable. Keywords: employee retention, determinants, turnover intentio

Relationship between fear, fall & balance in cummunity dwelling older adults

Background: In older population the risk of fall is always at high risk and there are many contributing factor which increase the prevalence of fall. The impaired balance leads to limited daily activities and confidence level. Purpose of the study: The main purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between fall, fear and balance in older population. Method & methodology: The descriptive cross sectional study design was used and a sample of 271 older adult were recruited through purpose sampling technique. The detail demographic was noted, history of fall and other related co-morbidities were mention in performa. The standardized test Activity based confidence scale (ABC) and Time up & go (TUG) were used for proper assessment. Results: The result shows that 72% sample were composed of females and 28% were male. Majority 71% belong to age bracket 65-74 years and 79% have no history of fall. Only 19% have high level of physical function on confidence scale, 36% and 45 % were in moderate and low level of physical functioning respectively. The ralationship shows that the older adults who have impaire mobility on TUG have 30% (82) and 11.43% (31) low and moderate level of physical functioning on ABC scale respectively. Conclusions: The findings indicate that majority of older adults have no fall history but still most of them have low level of confidence & physical functioning on ABC scale. The confidence balance is associated with the physical functioning in older adults and need to improve the balance training for proper functioning

Critical Elements of the Constructive Performance Feedback: An Integrated Model

Purpose: The purpose of writing this paper is to give an integrated framework in the form of a model for better understanding of the elements of performance feedback which are reinforcing. Design/Methodology: A synthesis of existing literature on performance feedback in the form of research papers, consultations and training reports etc. is used to identify critical elements of reinforcing feedback and then integration of all these elements is done after categorizing these elements/variables. Findings: Findings are presented in the form of model i.e. theoretical framework is developed. Research Implications: The result of this article can be used to guide an ongoing research in the area of effective performance appraisals in general and performance feedback in specific. Originality/Value: The research paper tries to increase the conceptual understanding regarding what an effective performance feedback mechanism of organization should consist of. Keywords: elements, effective, constructive, reinforcing performance feedbac

Influence of high-dose gamma radiation and particle size on antioxidant properties of Maize ( Zea mays L.) flour

Influence of high-dose gamma radiation and particle size on antioxidant properties of maize (Zea mays L.) flour was studied using response surface methodology. A central composite design based on three levels of each of particle size, in terms of mesh number (40, 60 and 80 meshes), and gamma radiation dose (25, 50 and 75 kGy) was constructed. A statistically significant dose-dependent decrease (

Factors Underlying the Failure of Organizations: A Focus on Pakistan International Airlines

Pakistan International Airlines faces competition with not only international airlines but also with local airlines on the various routes to the Middle East and the Gulf. Due to fierce competition  and  rising  oil  prices, international  aviation  industry regulations and some internal factors such as human resource issues of over recruitment, de-motivated employees, mismanagement of resources both in case of manpower and other resources, aged fleet, corruption and lack of accountability PIA is facing a deep financial crisis. It is losing its market share both in international market and domestic circuit. The present research is done to know about the current situation of PIA and the factors underlying the poor performance of the organization. Nepotism, lack of management, poor service provisions are some of the factors identified through this piece of research which form the backbone of the declining performance of Pakistan International Airlines. Keywords: poor performance, factors, management, competitio

Economic Burden of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Patients in the Rural Field Practice Area of a Medical College in Davangere - A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Diabetes is rapidly emerging as a major health care problem, even in rural India. The earlier occurrence, delayed diagnosis and improper care leads to high complication rates, greater productivity loss and consequently higher costs. As the epidemiological burden of diabetes increases, the economic burden is expected to rise and the economically disadvantaged will be affected the most.Objectives: To assess the economic burden of diabetes among type 2 diabetic patients and to explore the factors associated with the economic burden of diabetes.Materials and Methods: Community based cross sectional study was carried out in rural field practice area of a medical college in Davangere for a period of six months during 2016-17 among 112 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Information was collected using pretested predesigned questionnaire on socio-demographic details, health services utilization, expenditure incurred on diabetes care (both direct and indirect costs) in the past six months.Results: The direct cost accounted for 94.2% of the total cost of treatment, of which hospitalization for diabetes related complications and medications were major components. Source of health care significantly influenced the direct cost. About 8.9% of study subjects skipped medications at least once due to lack of money.Conclusions: Direct cost in the management of diabetes is major contributor to the expenditure. Availability of affordable essential quality diabetic medications and strengthening of public healthcare is crucial in reduction of these direct costs involved in diabetic management

Leadership on Performance vs. Mediating Effect on Job Satisfaction: Evidence From Higher Educational Institutions in Pakistan

This study aims to determine how transactional leadership influences organizational performance with a mediating effect on employees’ job satisfaction. The theoretical and numerical link between these variables of the research topic is highlighted in this study. Quantitative information is gathered for the study utilizing a random sampling method. The HODs of the academic institutions in the Gujranwala region filled out 290 questionnaires that were used to collect the data. Two hundred seventy-two can be used while the remaining are partly filed. Smart PLS 4 was used to examine the data’s validity and verify the correlations between the research variables. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire, which was used to gather the data, may be assessed by how precisely the findings were analyzed. Based on data generated by the “smart PLS 4 program,” an organization’s success depends on its leadership practices, and the mediating variable positively correlates with transactional leadership. This is a unique study for the educational sector of the Gujranwala region, Pakistan, and it calls for more research on leadership and organizational performance

Women Empowerment through Microcredit: The Role of HSBC Bank (UK) in Foreign Market

Women empowerment is one of the leading issues of concern and interest of practitioners and researchers. Many institutions specifically those which are well established and are looking for opportunities of growth see the microcredit market in the developing countries as a potential market to target for profit through development. The current study elaborates the role of HSBC (UK) in Indian market of microcredit. HSBC (UK) works in collaboration with Mann Deshi Mahila Bank in India to target women empowerment through microcredit. The study analyzed the role of microcredit in empowering women in order to see whether developed institutions (mostly in developed countries such as UK, USA etc.) have the potential to aim for microcredit market in developing countries. The results of the study are generated by analyzing the primary data collected from the women microcredit clients of Mann Deshi Mahila Bank (India). The results of the percentage and regression analysis done on the primary data reveal that the women who use microcredit reach a better level of empowerment and many empowerment signs become evident in them after the use of microcredit. Therefore, HSBC (UK) is successfully targeting women empowerment through provision of microcredit in India while working in collaboration with Mann Deshi Mahila Bank (India). Key words: women empowerment, microcredit, developing, foreign market, influenc