Critical Thinking Dispositions Among Junior, Senior and Graduate Nursing Students in Iran

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to comparison the critical thinking skills in junior, senior and graduate nursing students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. In this study the clinical skill level of 120 junior and senior nursing students and clinical nurses in 2010 was determined using the random sampling method. Data was collected by Watson questionnaire (WGCTA) and analyzed using t-test, and analysis of variance with Scheffe, s test. Result showed significant difference between mean scores of all critical thinking skills in the three groups, so that critical thinking ability of senior students was more than junior students and the ability of critical thinking in clinical nursing students had been lower than the seniors. According to the findings of the study, it can be stated that although critical thinking is important in clinical judgments and decisions but during the training period, have had no significant development therefore the traditional education system needs evolution and revision in order to realize training purposes in line with fostering creative and efficient students

Effect of Supportive Nursing Care on Self Esteem of Patients Receiving Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Introduction: Self-esteem is an important potential indicator in etiology, diagnosis and treatment of patients with severe mental illness. ECT is a popular treatment for these patients that can effect on their self-esteem and reinforce their problems. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of supportive nursing care in increasing self esteem of patients receiving ECT. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted in the Baharan psychiatric hospital of Zahedan. A total of 70 cases of patients who received ECT were randomly allocated to control (n=35) and intervention (n=35) groups. The data were collected by demographic characteristics questionnaire and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES). Intervention group received the supportive nursing care. The control group received only routine treatment. Self esteem level was measured and compared before and after intervention for two groups. The data was analyzed by SPSS using the χ2, t-test and ANCOVA. Results: Results showed that both groups were homogeneous on the socio- demographic characteristics. The mean self esteem in the intervention group compared with the control group was significantly increased. While controlling the effects of individual and social variables, the result shows significant differences between two groups in the mean scores of self esteem after the intervention.Conclusion: The results suggest that supportive nursing care can have positive effect on self esteem of patients receiving ECT. It is recommended to use this method for increasing self esteem of these patients

The study of relationship between addiction potentiality and personality characteristics, conformity and gender among pre-university students

زمینه و هدف: ویژگی های شخصیتی و همنوایی از عوامل روان شناختی مهم در گرایش به رفتارهای پر خطر از جمله اعتیاد به شمار می روند. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی رابطه اعتیادپذیری با شخصیت، همنوایی و نقش جنسیت در بین دانش آموزان مقطع متوسطه شهر کرمان انجام شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی-تحلیلی 118 دانش آموز مقطع پیش دانشگاهی ناحیه 2 شهر کرمان با روش نمونه گیری خوشه ای انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل: آزمون پنج عامل بزرگ شخصیت (فرم کوتاه)، همنوایی ال₇₂ و اعتیاد پذیری بود. داده ها به کمک ضریب همبستگی پیرسون، رگرسیون چند متغیره و آزمون t مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته ها: بین همنوایی و اعتیاد پذیری رابطه مثبت معنادار وجود داشت (01/0>P). همچنین اعتیاد پذیری با ویژگی شخصیتی روان رنجوری رابطه مثبت و معنی‌دار و با ویژگی های شخصیتی وجدانی بودن و توافق گرایی رابطه منفی معنی دار وجود داشت (01/0>P). نتایج تحلیل t نشان داد که از لحاظ همنوایی در بین دختران و پسران تفاوتی وجود ندارد (05/0P). نتیجه گیری: افراد همنوا و افرادی که از لحاظ شخصیتی آسیب پذیرند مستعد اعتیاد می باشند. بنابراین ضروری است که در برنامه های آموزشی، پیشگیری و درمانی اعتیاد بر این ویژگی های روانشناختی تأکید گردد

Prevalence of depression among students of Zabol Medical School, 2002

زمینه و هدف: افسردگی یکی از چهار بیماری عمده در دنیا و شایع ترین علت ناتوانی ناشی از بیماری ها می باشد. افسردگی یکی از علل خودکشی است و در سال های اخیر، در جمعیت جوان حتی نوجوان رشد فزآینده ای داشته است. افسردگی زمینه هایی مثل موفقیت، جذابیت، سلامتی و توانایی که بیشترین ارزش را برای یک جوان دارد، تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد. از مخرب ترین عوارض آن کاهش میل به کار و فعالیت می‌باشد. نظر به اهمیت به حساب آوردن شیوع افسردگی بین دانشجویان جهت برنامه ریزی انواع پیش گیری ها، پژوهش حاضر به منظور تعیین میزان شیوع افسردگی دانشجویان دانشکده علوم پزشکی زابل در سال تحصیلی 81-80 انجام گرفت. روش مطالعه: این تحقیق یک مطالعه توصیفی تحلیلی است. جامعه مورد پژوهش 240 نفر از دانشجویان بودند که از بین آنها 157 نفر بطور آگاهانه در پژوهش شرکت کردند. به منظور جمع آوری داده ها از فرم مشخصات فردی و پرسشنامه سنجش افسردگی بک (Beck) استفاده شد. نتایج: 3/64 دانشجویان به درجات مختلفی از افسردگی مبتلا بودند و میانگین نمره افسردگی در دانشجویان پرستاری 5/10±1/16، در دانشجویان مامایی 9/8 ±5/19، در دانشجویان بهداشت خانواده 8/5±7/8 و در دانشجویان مبارزه با بیماری ها 1/11 ±6/13 بود که آزمون آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه بین میانگین نمره افسردگی دانشجویان تفاوت معنی داری را نشان داد (004/0P=). نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج پژوهش حاضر که بیانگر فراوانی افسردگی در بین دانشجویان است، باید تدابیری اتخاذ گردد تا عواملی که در بروز افسردگی مؤثر هستند، کاهش یابند و با شناخت سریع و به موقع از عواقب آن پیشگیری شود

The Effect of Psychoeducation on Anxiety in Subsequent Pregnancy Following Stillbirth: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Objective: We aimed to determine the effect of psychoeducation on women’s anxiety in subsequent pregnancy following stillbirth. Materials and methods: This two-arm, semi-experimental study was conducted on 100 women with subsequent pregnancy after stillbirth who visited the healthcare centers affiliated to a university of medical sciences in southeast of Iran in 2017. The eligible women were selected by using the convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group attended four psychoeducation sessions during four weeks according to the determined content. On the other hand, the control group received the routine care education. After eight weeks, data were collected using Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ). To analyze the data, independent t-test, Paired t-test and Chi-square U test, were run in SPSS, version 21. Results: No significant differences were observed between the study groups in terms of demographic characteristics (p > 0.05). Although the mean score of anxiety was not significantly different in the intervention and control groups prior to the psychoeducation sessions (p = 0.83), it was significantly lower in the intervention group after the psychoeducation intervention, compared to the control group (50.64 ± 20.05 vs. 63.54 ± 22.90; p = 0.0001). Conclusion: Psychoeducation intervention could diminish anxiety in women with subsequent pregnancy after stillbirth. Therefore, we recommend incorporating the components of psychoeducation related to the special needs of this group of women as a part of the routine prenatal care and educating healthcare providers to use these interventions

Explaining Positive Couple Interactions after Myocardial Infarction: A Qualitative Study

Background: The quality of marital relationships can impact couples’ cardiovascular health directly and indirectly. Given that communication is essential for a happy marriage and plays an important role in health, this study aimed to explain the positive interactions of couples after myocardial infarction.Methods: The current study was conducted qualitatively with the participation of seven couples (patient and his or her spouse) in teaching hospitals affiliated with Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. Purposive sampling was used to select participants. Then, unstructured in-depth interviews were conducted after obtaining informed consent. The interviews were immediately transcribed and analyzed. MAXQDA 2020 was used to categorize the data, and the method proposed by Elo and Kingas was used for data analysis.Results: The analysis of the data revealed that myocardial infarction could affect the way couples interact through two main themes including empathetic union (acceptance of each other’s true selves, mutual understanding, adjusting expectations, increase in cooperation and joint activities) and optimizing couples’ interactions (mutual care and attention, increase in intimacy, mutual reliance).Conclusion: This study indicated that positive couple interactions affected not only marital relationships but also health status, both directly and indirectly. Therefore, the findings of this study can be used to improve nursing student education and nursing care, and would help to develop educational and supportive interventions for patients and their spouses

The Effect of Smartphone-based Self-care Education on Awareness, Perceived Severity and Self-care Behaviors in Pregnant Women at Risk of Preterm Birth during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Background & aim: The fear of being affected by COVID-19 has significantly reduced perinatal care. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of smartphone-based self-care education on awareness, perceived severity, and self-care of pregnant women at risk of preterm birth during a covid-19 pandemic.Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 115 pregnant women at risk of preterm birth that was assigned into intervention (N=58) and control (N=57) groups. The research tools included the demographic and preterm delivery screening checklist, awareness, perceived severity, and self-care questionnaires. The intervention group received training files using WhatsApp software within two weeks. The control group received no intervention. The questionnaires were completed before (T1), 8 (T2) and 12 (T3) weeks after the implementation of the intervention in two groups. ANOVA, ANCOVA, independent t-test, chi-square, and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the data using SPSS software (version 24)  Results: No significant difference was found between baseline data (T1) before the intervention in two groups (p>0.05); while after the intervention, a significant increase was observed in the mean score of awareness at T2 and T3 compared to T1 (P<0.001) as well as self-care at T2 and T3 compared to T1 (P<0.001). Also, a significant decrease was observed in the mean score of perceived severity (P<0.001) in the intervention and control group over time. Conclusion: It appears that distance learning to provide care for pregnant women and informing healthcare providers about their condition can be useful, especially for those who are at risk during pandemics

The influence of incubator coating on the oxygen saturation per- centage of arterial blood of premature neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care

Introduction Nutrition problems in premature infants occur due to malformations and lack of coordination between sucking, swallowing, and breathing, and premature infants usually require neonatal intensive care unit care. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of incubator cover on the arterial O2 saturation of premature infants admitted to ne- onatal intensive care unit. Material and Methods This quasi-experimental study was performed on 70 neo- nates admitted to NICU of Ali Ibn Abi Talib Hospital in Zahedan who were randomly assigned into incubator cover (n=35) and control (n=35) groups. Intervention was performed in the intervention group by dark cloth with one side dark and the other side light. After intervention, infants' arterial O2 saturation was assessed. Data were an- alyzed using SPSS software version 16 and t test and Chi- square test. Results The mean of O2 saturation of neonates in the incubator group was 95.8 ± 0.6% and control 93.1± 1.1%. Results of t test showed mean of O2 saturation of neonates in the incubator group was significantly higher than control group (P <0.001). Conclusion In this study, incubator cover improved O2 saturation of premature neonates hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units and stable of oxygenation

Effectiveness of Trauma-Focused Psychological Therapies for Treating Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Women Following Childbirth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Approximately 3% of women in community samples develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after childbirth. Higher prevalence rates are reported for high risk samples. Postpartum PTSD can adversely affect women's wellbeing, mother-infant relationships and child development. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of trauma-focused psychological interventions (TFPT), for postnatal women. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis including all clinical trials which reported post-traumatic stress symptoms for both the intervention and control groups or at least two time-points, pre- and post-intervention. We searched four databases: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and OpenGrey. Screening of search results, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were undertaken independently by two reviewers. Results: Eleven studies, reported in 12 papers, involving 2,677 postnatal women were included. All were RCTs, bar one case series. Interventions varied in modality, duration and intensity, and included exposure therapy, trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing and other psychological approaches. Participants had experienced uncomplicated births, emergency cesarean sections and/or preterm births. Results suggest that TFPT are effective for reducing PTSD symptoms in the short term (up to 3 months postpartum [4 RCTs, n = 301, SMD = −0.50, 95% CI = −0.73 to −0.27]), and medium term (i.e., 3–6 months postpartum [2 RCTs, n = 174, SMD = −1.87, 95% CI = −2.60 to −1.13]). However, there is no robust evidence to suggest whether TFPT can also improve women's recovery from clinically significant PTSD symptoms. Conclusion: Further larger studies, distinguishing between low and high risk groups, and with adequate follow-up, are needed to establish which TFPT are most effective and acceptable for treating postnatal PTSD