Nanosat Technology And Managed Risk; An Update Of The CYGNSS Microsatellite Constellation Mission Development

Existing and forecasted budget constraints continue to drive innovative solutions for space-based mission applications. NASA’s Earth science mission, the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) was selected as part of NASA\u27s Earth Venture program with a total mission cost cap (excluding launch vehicle) of $103M. Performing valuable science at low cost is only possible given technology innovation and a development risk posture higher than typically accepted for NASA missions. CYGNSS is being designed to address present tropical cyclone intensity forecasting deficiencies. These deficiencies are thought to be the root cause for essentially no improvement in the accuracy of the storm’s intensity prediction (Classification and Category levels) since 1990 while tropical storm track forecasts have improved in accuracy by ~50%. The mission will combine the all-weather performance of GNSS bi-static ocean surface scatterometry with the sampling properties of a satellite constellation to provide science measurements never before available to the tropical cyclone operational and research communities. The mission cost cap dictates that the CYGNSS flight segment of 8 Observatories, each carrying a 4-channel GPS-based scatterometer, all be launched on a single launch vehicle. The mission will demonstrate how recent developments in nano- and micro-satellite technology integration, including recent developments in star trackers and reaction wheels, when combined with a managed risk approach, can be applied as cost effective solutions to fill capability voids of large-scale observatories. CYGNSS will also demonstrate low cost science mission operations, how to safely deploy a constellation from a single launch vehicle without collision, and a low-cost method for constellation configuration management. The CYGNSS SmallSat 2014 paper will provide an update of the mission system development status, an overview of how a synergistic approach between flight and ground segments enables a cost effective science mission solution, and a description of our approach to constellation configuration control

Sustained carbon uptake and storage following moderate disturbance in a Great Lakes forest

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/117030/1/eap20132351202.pd

A new model construction by making a detour via intuitionistic theories II: Interpretability lower bound of Feferman's explicit mathematics T0

We partially solve a long-standing problem in the proof theory of explicit mathematics or the proof theory in general. Namely, we give a lower bound of Feferman’s system T0 of explicit mathematics (but only when formulated on classical logic) with a concrete interpretat ion of the subsystem Σ12-AC+ (BI) of second order arithmetic inside T0. Whereas a lower bound proof in the sense of proof-theoretic reducibility or of ordinalanalysis was already given in 80s, the lower bound in the sense of interpretability we give here is new. We apply the new interpretation method developed by the author and Zumbrunnen (2015), which can be seen as the third kind of model construction method for classical theories, after Cohen’s forcing and Krivine’s classical realizability. It gives us an interpretation between classical theories, by composing interpretations between intuitionistic theories

Individual tree and stand-level carbon and nutrient contents across one rotation of loblolly pine plantations on a reclaimed surface mine

While reclaimed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations in east Texas, USA have demonstrated similar aboveground productivity levels relative to unmined forests, there is interest in assessing carbon (C) and nutrients in aboveground components of reclaimed trees. Numerous studies have previously documented aboveground biomass, C, and nutrient contents in loblolly pine plantations; however, similar data have not been collected on mined lands. We investigated C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg aboveground contents for first-rotation loblolly pine growing on reclaimed mined lands in the Gulf Coastal Plain over a 32-year chronosequence and correlated elemental rates to stand age, stem growth, and similar data for unmined lands. At the individual tree level, we evaluated elemental contents in aboveground biomass components using tree size, age, and site index as predictor variables. At the stand-level, we then scaled individual tree C and nutrients and fit a model to determine the sensitivity of aboveground elemental contents to stand age and site index. Our data suggest that aboveground C and nutrients in loblolly pine on mined lands exceed or follow similar trends to data for unmined pine plantations derived from the literature. Diameter and height were the best predictors of individual tree stem C and nutrient contents (R ≥ 0.9473 and 0.9280, respectively) followed by stand age (R ≥ 0.8660). Foliage produced weaker relationships across all predictor variables compared to stem, though still significant (P ≤ 0.05). The model for estimating stand-level C and nutrients using stand age provided a good fit, indicating that contents aggrade over time predictably. Results of this study show successful modelling of reclaimed loblolly pine aboveground C and nutrients, and suggest elemental cycling is comparable to unmined lands, thus providing applicability of our model to related systems

Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Screening and Preventive Practice Recommendations from the CIBMTR and EBMT

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of cardiovascular risk factors that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and all-cause mortality. Long-term survivors of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) have a substantial risk of developing MetS and cardiovascular disease, with an estimated prevalence of MetS of 31% to 49% among HCT recipients. Although MetS has not yet been proven to impact cardiovascular risk after HCT, an understanding of the incidence and risk factors for MetS in HCT recipients can provide the foundation to evaluate screening guidelines and develop interventions that may mitigate cardiovascular-related mortality. A working group was established through the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research and the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation with the goal to review literature and recommend practices appropriate to HCT recipients. Here we deliver consensus recommendations to help clinicians provide screening and preventive care for MetS and cardiovascular disease among HCT recipients. All HCT survivors should be advised of the risks of MetS and encouraged to undergo recommended screening based on their predisposition and ongoing risk factors

Logistic regression.

<p>Coefficients in all columns are logistic regression estimates, clustered standard errors are in parentheses;</p><p>*** indicate significance at 1% level.</p><p>^a<i>Toxoplasma</i> is a dummy variable and equals 1 for <i>Toxoplasma</i>-infected subjects.</p><p>^bRhD is a dummy variable and equals 1 for RhD positive subjects.</p><p>Logistic regression.</p

NASA’s Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) Mission – Temporal Resolution of a Constellation Enabled by Micro-Satellite Technology

Hurricanes Katrina and Irene, each in their own way, are stark examples that while tropical storm track forecasts have improved in accuracy by ~50% since 1990, there has been essentially no improvement in the accuracy of the storm’s intensity prediction. In both cases, forecasters predicted almost exactly where the storms would make landfall, but failed to predict the storm\u27s intensity. Principle deficiencies of current tropical cyclone intensity forecasts lie primarily with inadequate observations and modeling of the inner core. The inadequacy in observations results from two causes: 1) Much of the inner core ocean surface is obscured from conventional remote sensing instruments by the storm\u27s intense precipitation. 2) The rapidly evolving (genesis and intensification) stages of the TC life cycle are poorly sampled in time by conventional polar-orbiting, wide-swath surface wind imagers. NASA’s Earth science mission, the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) is being designed to address tropical storm intensity forecast deficiencies by combining the all-weather performance of GNSS bi-static ocean surface scatterometry with the sampling properties of a satellite constellation. CYGNSS will demonstrate how micro-satellite technology can be applied to provide low cost solutions to fill capability voids in existing large-scale observatories. An overview will be presented of the CYGNSS mission, its science objectives, and how the use of a micro-satellite constellation results in sampling properties that are markedly improved beyond conventional wind speed observatories

Summary statistics of the parametric data.

<p>^aP shows statistical significance for two tailed t-test.</p><p>Summary statistics of the parametric data.</p

Decision response times (RT) when choosing RO (left) and SO (right) in <i>Toxoplasma</i>-infected and <i>Toxoplasma</i>-free subjects.

<p>The graph shows arithmetic means, standard errors and a p-value.</p

Frequency of risky choices when the expected value of RO is less than SO (left) and the expected value of RO is greater than SO (right) in <i>Toxoplasma</i>-infected and <i>Toxoplasma</i>-free subjects.

<p>The graph shows arithmetic means, standard errors and a p-value.</p