Weak localization and interaction effects in acceptor graphite intercalation compounds

The presented work is devoted to investigations of manifestation of quantum effects of weak localization and interaction of charge carriers in electrical conductivity of acceptor graphite intercalation compounds (CICs). As shown by studies intercalation leads to a decrease in the resistivity and to change the resistivity temperature coefficient from negative sign in the source graphite on a positive sign in intercalated graphite. At the low temperature for all GICs specimens the minimum in the temperature dependence of resistivity is observed. In terms of the model of charge carrier's weak localization and interaction for two-dimensional systems temperature dependence of phase relaxation time, localization radius and charge carriers screening constant for all GICs are estimated

Содержание маркеров эндотелиальной дисфункции и медиаторов воспаления у больных алкоголизмом с хронической сердечной недостаточностью на конечных стадиях развития

The blood levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with the development of cardiac pathology, markers of endothelial dysfunction, as well as indicators of the inflammatory response in alcohol-dependent individuals with chronic heart failure (CHF) of NYHA functional classes III and IV, as well as in patients with CHF, not complicated by alcoholism, and in alcohol-dependent individuals with no signs of heart failure. A significant increase in the plasma content of IL-6, IL-8, TNFa, VEGF-A, Endothelin 1-21, s-VCAM-1 and s-ICAM-1 in patients with CHF, regardless of alcohol abuse, with a pronounced tendency to higher concentrations in the final stage of heart failure by NYHA. In alcohol-dependent patients with no signs of CHF, the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and endothelial dysfunction markers increased to a lesser extent than in the presence of CHF. The peculiarity of CHF in patients with alcoholism in comparison with CHF not burdened by alcohol abuse is the excessive secretion of TNFa, which is an important activator of inflammation, cell death and inhibition of contractile function of the myocardium.Исследовали содержание в крови провоспалительных цитокинов, связанных с развитием патологии сердца, маркеров эндотелиальной дисфункции, а также индикаторов воспалительной реакции у зависимых от алкоголя лиц, страдающих хронической сердечной недостаточностью (ХСН) функциональных классов III и IV по классификации NYHA, а также у пациентов с ХСН, не осложненной алкоголизмом, и у зависимых от алкоголя лиц без признаков сердечной недостаточности. Установлено значительное увеличение содержания в плазме крови IL-6, IL-8, TNFa, VEGF-A, эндотелина-1, s-VCAM-1 и s-ICAM-1 у пациентов с ХСН, независимо от злоупотребления алкоголем, с выраженной тенденцией к более высоким концентрациям при конечной стадии сердечной недостаточности по NYHA. У зависимых от алкоголя пациентов без признаков ХСН содержание в плазме крови провоспалительных цитокинов и маркеров эндотелиальной дисфункции возрастало в меньшей степени, чем при наличии ХСН. Особенность ХСН у больных алкоголизмом по сравнению с ХСН, не отягощенной злоупотреблением алкоголя, состоит в избыточной секреции TNFa, являющегося важным активатором воспаления, гибели клеток и угнетения сократительной функции миокарда

Blood Content of Markers of Inflammation and Cytokines in Patients With Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy and Ischemic Heart Disease at Various Stages of Heart Failure

We conducted a comparative study of content proinflammatory cytokines, biomarkers of inflammatory process, biochemical indicators of congestive heart failure (CHF) and hemodynamic parameters in patients with alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACMP) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) with various NYHA classes. We examined 62 men with ACMP (n = 45) and IHD (n = 17) and NYHA class III-IV CHF. Patients of both groups had lowered ejection fraction (EF), dilated cardiac chambers, and increased left ventricular (LV) myocardial mass index (MMI). Relative LV wall thickness was within normal limits but in the ACMP group it was significantly lower than in IHD group what corresponded to the eccentric type of myocardial hypertrophy. Higher NYHA class was associated with lower EF and larger end diastolic and end systolic LV dimensions. In ACMP it was also associated with larger dimension of the right ventricle while in IHD with substantially larger (by 30%) dimension of atria. Substantial amount of endotoxin found in blood plasma of patients with IHD corresponded to the conception of increased intestinal permeability of in CHF. Alcohol abuse was an aggravating factor of endotoxin transmission and its concentration in patients with ACMP was 3 times higher than in patients with IHD. Patients with ACMP had substantially elevated blood concentrations of interleukins (IL) 6, 8, 12, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and its soluble receptor s-TNF-R; they also had twofold elevation of C-reactive protein concentration. ACMP was associated with manifold rise of blood content of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Patients with IHD also had elevated blood concentrations of IL 6, 8 and 12 but their values were 1.5-2 times lower than ACMP group. Blood content of TNF-alpha and s-TNF-R in IHD group was within normal limits. Higher NYHA class in ACMP patients was associated with higher concentrations of IL 6 and 8, TNF-alpha, and BNP. In both groups of patients contents of IL-12, s-TNF-R, TGF-1 beta and factors of acute phase of inflammation did not reflect severity of CHF. Functional insufficiency of myocardium in IHD patients was best characterized by blood content of IL-6 while in ACMP patients of BNP

Characteristics of immune blood cells in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: Genesis alcohol and non-alcoholic cardiomyopathy, ischemic type. The comparative role of inflammation TX1 should be -, TX2 - and D classes

The article shows the role of alcohol-induced dilated cardiomyopathy chronic inflammatory process Th-type, and in the pathogenesis of ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy Genesis of the inflammation TX1 should be - and TX2 types. A marked increase in the activity of serum arginase patients, which confirms the opinions expressed in the literature proposals for the use of tests arginase as highly sensitive marker of violations of coronary functions already in the early stages. However, revealed a negative correlation between the activity of arginase and reduced ejection fraction of the left ventricle and atrial fibrillation in patients ICMP show more about the protective role of this enzyme, and do not prove the feasibility of inhibition arginase as a therapeutic target for dilated cardiomyopathy, alcoholic Genesis

Содержание маркеров эндотелиальной дисфункции и медиаторов воспаления у больных алкоголизмом с хронической сердечной недостаточностью на конечных стадиях развития

The blood levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with the development of cardiac pathology, markers of endothelial dysfunction, as well as indicators of the inflammatory response in alcohol-dependent individuals with chronic heart failure (CHF) of NYHA functional classes III and IV, as well as in patients with CHF, not complicated by alcoholism, and in alcohol-dependent individuals with no signs of heart failure. A significant increase in the plasma content of IL-6, IL-8, TNFa, VEGF-A, Endothelin 1-21, s-VCAM-1 and s-ICAM-1 in patients with CHF, regardless of alcohol abuse, with a pronounced tendency to higher concentrations in the final stage of heart failure by NYHA. In alcohol-dependent patients with no signs of CHF, the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and endothelial dysfunction markers increased to a lesser extent than in the presence of CHF. The peculiarity of CHF in patients with alcoholism in comparison with CHF not burdened by alcohol abuse is the excessive secretion of TNFa, which is an important activator of inflammation, cell death and inhibition of contractile function of the myocardium.Исследовали содержание в крови провоспалительных цитокинов, связанных с развитием патологии сердца, маркеров эндотелиальной дисфункции, а также индикаторов воспалительной реакции у зависимых от алкоголя лиц, страдающих хронической сердечной недостаточностью (ХСН) функциональных классов III и IV по классификации NYHA, а также у пациентов с ХСН, не осложненной алкоголизмом, и у зависимых от алкоголя лиц без признаков сердечной недостаточности. Установлено значительное увеличение содержания в плазме крови IL-6, IL-8, TNFa, VEGF-A, эндотелина-1, s-VCAM-1 и s-ICAM-1 у пациентов с ХСН, независимо от злоупотребления алкоголем, с выраженной тенденцией к более высоким концентрациям при конечной стадии сердечной недостаточности по NYHA. У зависимых от алкоголя пациентов без признаков ХСН содержание в плазме крови провоспалительных цитокинов и маркеров эндотелиальной дисфункции возрастало в меньшей степени, чем при наличии ХСН. Особенность ХСН у больных алкоголизмом по сравнению с ХСН, не отягощенной злоупотреблением алкоголя, состоит в избыточной секреции TNFa, являющегося важным активатором воспаления, гибели клеток и угнетения сократительной функции миокарда

Characteristics of immune blood cells in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: Genesis alcohol and non-alcoholic cardiomyopathy, ischemic type. The comparative role of inflammation TX1 should be -, TX2 - and D classes

The article shows the role of alcohol-induced dilated cardiomyopathy chronic inflammatory process Th-type, and in the pathogenesis of ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy Genesis of the inflammation TX1 should be - and TX2 types. A marked increase in the activity of serum arginase patients, which confirms the opinions expressed in the literature proposals for the use of tests arginase as highly sensitive marker of violations of coronary functions already in the early stages. However, revealed a negative correlation between the activity of arginase and reduced ejection fraction of the left ventricle and atrial fibrillation in patients ICMP show more about the protective role of this enzyme, and do not prove the feasibility of inhibition arginase as a therapeutic target for dilated cardiomyopathy, alcoholic Genesis

Blood Content of Markers of Inflammation and Cytokines in Patients With Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy and Ischemic Heart Disease at Various Stages of Heart Failure

We conducted a comparative study of content proinflammatory cytokines, biomarkers of inflammatory process, biochemical indicators of congestive heart failure (CHF) and hemodynamic parameters in patients with alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACMP) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) with various NYHA classes. We examined 62 men with ACMP (n = 45) and IHD (n = 17) and NYHA class III-IV CHF. Patients of both groups had lowered ejection fraction (EF), dilated cardiac chambers, and increased left ventricular (LV) myocardial mass index (MMI). Relative LV wall thickness was within normal limits but in the ACMP group it was significantly lower than in IHD group what corresponded to the eccentric type of myocardial hypertrophy. Higher NYHA class was associated with lower EF and larger end diastolic and end systolic LV dimensions. In ACMP it was also associated with larger dimension of the right ventricle while in IHD with substantially larger (by 30%) dimension of atria. Substantial amount of endotoxin found in blood plasma of patients with IHD corresponded to the conception of increased intestinal permeability of in CHF. Alcohol abuse was an aggravating factor of endotoxin transmission and its concentration in patients with ACMP was 3 times higher than in patients with IHD. Patients with ACMP had substantially elevated blood concentrations of interleukins (IL) 6, 8, 12, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and its soluble receptor s-TNF-R; they also had twofold elevation of C-reactive protein concentration. ACMP was associated with manifold rise of blood content of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Patients with IHD also had elevated blood concentrations of IL 6, 8 and 12 but their values were 1.5-2 times lower than ACMP group. Blood content of TNF-alpha and s-TNF-R in IHD group was within normal limits. Higher NYHA class in ACMP patients was associated with higher concentrations of IL 6 and 8, TNF-alpha, and BNP. In both groups of patients contents of IL-12, s-TNF-R, TGF-1 beta and factors of acute phase of inflammation did not reflect severity of CHF. Functional insufficiency of myocardium in IHD patients was best characterized by blood content of IL-6 while in ACMP patients of BNP