Босния Иво Андрича: перемены в историческом развитии как предмет художественного осмысления

The article focuses on the works of a Serbian writer, Nobel Prize winner, Ivo Andrić. Many of his works are dedicated to the history of his native land –Bosnia and Herzegovina. There is an original artistic concept of this region in his work. The article deals with a number of research interpretations of Ivo Andrić’s concept ofBosnia. The author refers to the controversial issue of the interpretation of the images of Bosnian Muslims in the writer’s works. The suggestion is to analyze them in terms of Andrić’s vision of history of the region. The concept of the historical past ofBosniain the writer’s novels can be considered as a system of changes and contrasts which has influenced the development of collective identity and determined certain conflicts in the history of the region. The author also refers to the work of a British scientist Arnold Toynbee as a historical and philosophical justification of the role of various changes and different interventions in an established cultural system. Ivo Andrić’s doctoral thesis is also considered in terms of assessing the impact of cultural demolition which occurred on theterritoryofBosniabecause of its conquest by the Turks.W centrum uwagi autora artykułu znajduje się dorobek serbskiego pisarza, noblisty Ivo Andricia, który wiele swoich utworów poświęcił historii ojczystego kraju – Bośni i Hercegowiny. W jego twórczości ukazana została oryginalna wizja artystyczna tego regionu. Artykuł przedstawia szereg interpretacji badawczych koncepcji Bośni w dziełach Ivo Andricia. Zwraca się uwagę na problem niejednoznacznych interpretacji obrazów bośniackich muzułmanów w utworach pisarza, proponując ujmować je przez pryzmat ogólnego rozumienia przez Ivo Andricia historii kraju bośniackiego. Koncepcję przeszłości historycznej Bośni w powieściach pisarza przedstawia się jako system zmian i przeciwieństw, które wpłynęły na konstytuowanie się tożsamości społecznej i spowodowały pewne konflikty w historii kraju. W celu historiozoficznego uzasadnienia roli różnych ingerencji do ukształtowanego systemu kulturowego i innych zmian, autor artykułu sięga do pracy angielskiego badacza Arnolda Toynbeego. Analizie zostaje poddana także rozprawa habilitacyjna Ivo Andricia, z punktu widzenia oceny konsekwencji przełomu kulturowego, który dokonał się na terytorium Bośni w wyniku jej podboju przez Turków.В центре внимания автора данной статьи находится творчество сербского писателя, Нобелевского лауреата Иво Андрича, который многие из своих произведений посвятил истории родного края – Боснии и Герцеговины. В его творчестве заключена оригинальная художественная концепция данного региона. В статье рассматривается ряд исследовательских трактовок концепции Боснии у Иво Андрича. Автор статьи обращается к неоднозначному вопросу интерпретации образов боснийских мусульман в произведениях писателя. Предлагается толковать их с точки зрения общего видения Андричем истории данного края. Концепцию исторического прошлого Боснии в романах писателя можно рассматривать как систему перемен и противопоставлений, повлиявших на становление коллективной идентичности и обусловивших определенные коллизии в истории края. Автор статьи также обращается к труду английского ученого Арнольда Тойнби как историко-философскому обоснованию роли различных вмешательств в устоявшуюся культурную систему и другого рода перемен. Также рассматривается докторская диссертация Иво Андрича с точки зрения оценки последствий культурного слома, произошедшего на территории Боснии в результате ее завоевания турками

Role of demyelination in the persistence of neurological and mental impairments after COVID-19

Long-term neurological and mental complications of COVID-19, the so-called post-COVID syndrome or long COVID, affect the quality of life. The most persistent manifestations of long COVID include fatigue, anosmia/hyposmia, insomnia, depression/anxiety, and memory/attention deficits. The physiological basis of neurological and psychiatric disorders is still poorly understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge of neurological sequelae in post-COVID patients and discusses brain demyelination as a possible mechanism of these complications with a focus on neuroimaging findings. Numerous reviews, experimental and theoretical studies consider brain demyelination as one of the mechanisms of the central neural system impairment. Several factors might cause demyelination, such as inflammation, direct effect of the virus on oligodendrocytes, and cerebrovascular disorders, inducing myelin damage. There is a contradiction between the solid fundamental basis underlying demyelination as the mechanism of the neurological injuries and relatively little published clinical evidence related to demyelination in COVID-19 patients. The reason for this probably lies in the fact that most clinical studies used conventional MRI techniques, which can detect only large, clearly visible demyelinating lesions. A very limited number of studies use specific methods for myelin quantification detected changes in the white matter tracts 3 and 10 months after the acute phase of COVID-19. Future research applying quantitative MRI assessment of myelin in combination with neurological and psychological studies will help in understanding the mechanisms of post-COVID complications associated with demyelinatio

Macromolecular proton fraction as a myelin biomarker: principles, validation, and applications

Macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) is a quantitative MRI parameter describing the magnetization transfer (MT) effect and defined as a relative amount of protons bound to biological macromolecules with restricted molecular motion, which participate in magnetic cross-relaxation with water protons. MPF attracted significant interest during past decade as a biomarker of myelin. The purpose of this mini review is to provide a brief but comprehensive summary of MPF mapping methods, histological validation studies, and MPF applications in neuroscience. Technically, MPF maps can be obtained using a variety of quantitative MT methods. Some of them enable clinically reasonable scan time and resolution. Recent studies demonstrated the feasibility of MPF mapping using standard clinical MRI pulse sequences, thus substantially enhancing the method availability. A number of studies in animal models demonstrated strong correlations between MPF and histological markers of myelin with a minor influence of potential confounders. Histological studies validated the capability of MPF to monitor both demyelination and re-myelination. Clinical applications of MPF have been mainly focused on multiple sclerosis where this method provided new insights into both white and gray matter pathology. Besides, several studies used MPF to investigate myelin role in other neurological and psychiatric conditions. Another promising area of MPF applications is the brain development studies. MPF demonstrated the capabilities to quantitatively characterize the earliest stage of myelination during prenatal brain maturation and protracted myelin development in adolescence. In summary, MPF mapping provides a technically mature and comprehensively validated myelin imaging technology for various preclinical and clinical neuroscience applications

Translation Discourse 4.0: Variety of Formats, Genres and Trends

The article considers the specific character of modern translation discourse, trends and opportunities of realization in the era of changes and global challenges. The relevance of the article is determined by the need to establish common and distinctive forms of expression and formats of translation discourse. The representative sources of three communicatively active discursive practices constitute the empirical base of the paper: scientific / translation studies translation discourse; professional / industry translation discourse; didactic translation discourse. The textual material of the discourse under consideration is analyzed in order to identify thematic dominants of three subtypes under consideration. The similarities and differences of the topics discussed by the translation community within the framework of the selected discursive practices are determined. Sources of translation discourse in Russian and German linguistic cultures were also involved in the analysis to identify common and distinctive features. The analysis revealed the tendency of the Russian-language translation discourse to be a more profound scientific search and substantiation of translation problems, and, on the contrary, the tendency of the German- and English-language discourses to discuss applied issues. The analyzed subtypes of translation discourse reveal certain unifying features: current challenges reaction rapidity, new phenomena and trends in society. However, these subtypes have translation tools of their own, traditions and formats that shape thematic dominants of each direction of the discourse. Thus, the paper revealed the dynamic nature of the discourse, on the one hand, and its sustainable development, on the other

Educational Activity of National Research Universities as a Basis for Integration of Science, Education and Industry in Regional Research and Educational Complexes

The present article addresses the issue of integration of higher professional education establishments, science and industry in Russia. The basis for collaboration of these institutions is national research universities with academic research establishments and different operational sites for the purposes of implementation of overall reform of education system in the Russian Federation. The strategic framework for integration of science, education and industry in modern society and main reasons and targets for improvement of their collaboration on the basis of new development paradigms of modern democratic society have been described. It is found that integration of science, education and industry based on higher education establishments is a multi-level process, which includes the development of international cooperation of global information medium, uniform educational space and use of different innovative techniques and methods of teaching. The article is based on the study of educational activity of two national research universities - Tomsk State University and Tomsk Polytechnic University, which serve as central integration platforms for Tomsk research and educational complex. Main directions of their work for improvement of educational activity aimed at intensifying the efforts of science, education and industry to increase the competitiveness of Russian innovation technologies have been explored in the present article. As the article highlights, Tomsk model of integration of education, science and industry at the present stage of its development shows real benefits for the economic development of Tomsk region

Foreign experience of administrative and legal support of citizens' rights by prosecutor's offices and possibilities of its use in Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to substantiate, on the basis of the analysis of the legislation of France, Italy, Germany, Great Britain and the USA, the ways of improving the legislation of Ukraine in the sphere of ensuring the rights of citizens by the prosecuting authorities.During the writing of the article, such methods as comparative-legal, system-structural, logical-normative were used.The relevance of the article is due to the fact that the optimization of the activity of the prosecution bodies is impossible without taking into account foreign experience. This issue is of particular importance in the field of ensuring human rights and freedoms by the prosecuting authorities. Concidering that fact, the legislation of France, Italy, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States has been analyzed, which made it possible to formulate certain ways of improving national legislation on the protection of citizens' rights by prosecuting authorities. It has been justified to improve the administrative status of the prosecution bodies, to review its functions, the requirements for the level of training and to legislate a clear mechanism for the implementation of functions. According to the results of the study, the authors have identified possible ways of using the positive foreign experience of administrative and legal support of citizens' rights by prosecuting authorities

Minced fish enriched with OMEGA-3 and OMEGA-6 for gerontological nutrition

The article provides an overview of the use of secondary fish raw materials, namely trout trimming to increase content. The work shows an increase in the content of OMEGA-3 and OMEGA-6 in semi-finished fish products using trimming. The results of these studies showed that semi-finished fish products prepared from minced trout using minced trout trimmings can increase the content of OMEGA-3 and OMEGA-6 by more than 50% with the addition of 25% minced trout trimmings. The use of minced trout trimming makes it possible to reduce the cost of the finished product and make it more affordable for low-income groups of the population