Economic Evaluation of Investment Project for Maintenance of Urban Forestry

The aim of this study is to provide economic evaluation of project for maintenance of the urban forestry undertaken by the Municipality of the City of Skopje in the Republic of Macedonia. The economic evaluation involves comparison of the present values of the estimated future benefits and costs of transplanting large trees. Therefore, here we employ economic benefit-cost analysis to compare the utilized tangible and intangible benefits and the cost of transplanting large trees and to assess whether the benefits to the society are higher rather than the costs and hence to evaluate whether this investment project is acceptable and justified for the society as a whole. Finally, the calculated ENPV and EIRR are presented to provide comprehensive measure for the justification of the project for the society. Keywords: economic evaluation, cost-benefit analysis, urban forest, tree transplantatio

Man, space, principle

The ideal in aesthetics is a determinant and criterion for determining the representation of "harmony and perfection". In the combination of artistic means in a harmonious whole according to a definite idea and with the help of contrast, rhythm, symmetry, one or another work of art is built. By reducing the various architectural three-dimensional forms and objects, translating them into two-dimensional simplified fragments and crossing the artistically translated elements in the spatial compositions, the academic artist and professor Katerina Despot, crossing the man as the dominant from the works of the academic artist and professor Kasiopeia Naumoska in symbiosis are constructed carefully stylized compositions. In two-dimensional solutions - vertically and horizontally arranged figures, the laws of harmony and functionality that determine the principle dominate. Abstract compositions monochrome two-dimensional flat backgrounds and reduced associative forms, and natural phenomena and the release of the purified expression of feelings through pure geometric figures. With an intuitive understanding and shaping of the form, the subtle lyrical sensibility of the line and the minor scale of the light-shadows, the academic artist and professor Kasiopeia Naumoska creates drawings of human figures and characters that clearly express the inner psychological state by applying an aesthetic ideal of beauty. The concept of certain spaces that are part of man, leave the impression that the city has them, but presented in an artistic way, we accurately present the clear picture that they are there, and they are at the same time a structural element. In the current series of compositions, a slightly different way of thinking is presented, in which we represent man and space as freely modeled lines in the open space. Art and design united in one, help each other and represent a good relationship and at the same time create an expressive message

Body mass index and health-related quality of life in patients preparing for coronary angiography

There is evidence that body mass index (BMI) is related to some extent to the health related quality of life (HRQoL) in different populations. The purpose of our study was to investigate the relationship between the BMI and the HRQoL in patients awaiting coronary angiography. The sample consisted of 100 patients (68 males and 32 females) with symptomatology indicated for coronary angiography. For all of them BMI was calculated. They were also administered Duke Health profile questionnaire which measures adult self-reported functional health status. The findings reveal that BMI is related to some aspects of HRQoL. Considering this, health counseling directed at regulating body weight as part of the positive health behavior can benefit and improve some domains of the HRQoL and the QoL per se of the individuals having health problems

ДЕТЕРМИНИРАЧКИ ФАКТОРИ НА ФИНАНСИСKИТЕ КРИЗИ

Финансиските кризи претставуваат опасна економска појава која, доколку се случи, може да предизвика сериозни последици за една национална економија. Токму последиците се една од главните причини зошто интересот за оваа тема е непресушен. Во насока на подобро разбирање на финансиските кризи, трудот дава опис на главните и детерминирачки фактори, како што се порастот на каматните стапки, порастот на несигурноста, проблемите во банкарскиот сектор, фискалните нерамнотежи, и сл., кои се детектирани како виновници за сериозните економски падови во националниот производ, вработеноста и националниот доход. Подоброто разбирање на овие фактори треба да овозможи полесно предвидување на некои идни економски текови. Освен тоа, трудот делумно опфаќа и анализа на берзанските падови и на кризите „близначки“ и нивните причинско-последични ефекти врз економијата

Contemporary Methodological Challenges in Interpreting Presocratic Philosophy

Povijest filozofije, shvaćena kao djelatnost koja u novim kontekstima iznova iščitava proš- lost filozofije, uvijek mora biti suočena s interpretativnim metodološkim izazovima svoga vremena. Suvremena interpretacija predsokratovaca mora iznova odgovoriti na pitanje o tome što predstavlja predsokratovska filozofija, mora odrediti pristup u tumačenju odgovarajućih metoda koje će koristiti, mora ocijeniti koliko sadašnji pogled na svijet može odstupiti od povijesno-filozofske realnosti, ali i mora postaviti minimum standarda za metodološki odgovarajuću interpretaciju. U ovom problemskom okviru, preko identificiranja nekih suvremenih interpretativnih tendencija u pogledu predsokratovske filozofije, ovaj tekst problematizira identitet predsokratovaca, analizira pristupe »filozofske sinteze«, »filološke analize« i »filozofske analize«, uočava napore za nadilaženje određenih interpretativnih stereotipa, ali i postavlja osnovne uvjete za metodološki odgovarajuću interpretaciju. Pri tome, u ovom tekstu ukazuje se na to da ako filozofiju shvatimo kao stalno otvoreni i nezavršeni proces, onda i povijest filozofije, kao imanentno filozofska disciplina, ne može postaviti zauvijek definirane metodološke standarde.The history of philosophy, seen as an activity of perpetual rereading of philosophy’s past in the light of new contexts, always has to be faced with the interpretative methodological challenges of its own time. The contemporary interpretation of the Presocratics has to: give anew an answer to the question of what represents the Presocratic philosophy; determine the interpretive approach in accordance with the methods that are used during that process; evaluate how much today’s world view can digress from historic-philosophical reality; but also establish minimum standards for methodologically appropriate interpretation. Within this theoretical framework, through detecting some contemporary interpretative tendencies of the Presocratic philosophy, this text problematizes the identity of the Presocratics, analyzes the approaches of “philosophical synthesis”, “philological analysis” and “philosophical analysis”, brings out the endeavors for overcoming certain interpretive stereotypes, but also lays down the founding conditions for a methodologically opportune interpretation. In addition, this paper points out, analogously to the view-point that philosophy is an open and endless process, the opinion that history of philosophy, as immanently philosophical discipline, cannot lay down permanent methodological standards

THE GREAT ECONOMIC DEPRESSION AND THE FISCAL POLICY

The Great Depression is known as one of the biggest crises in economic history which caused serious economic consequences expressed through increased unemployment, high rates of deflation, bank panic, banking crisis and bankruptcies of many companies and households. The fascination of many economists from this crisis was the main cause of the preparation of this work that aims to capture the overall crisis and to see different views of numerous economists about the reasons that led to the appearance of the same, but also the solutions to overcome it. The paper reviews the different posts of economists, beginning with those who felt that the crisis was caused by monetary factors (tight monetary policy, the gold standard, vulnerable banking system), other authors who considered that the reasons lie in the real sector, and third in the insufficient aggregate demand. Furthermore, the paper examines the Keynesian theory and her attempt to explain and overcome the crises and their views on the increased activity of the state in periods of low economic growth and high unemployment. Keynes succeeded by his revolutionary work to refute all previous views that the market alone manages to declare balance in the economy and that the role of the state should be minimized. Keynes's focus was on capital investments, i.e. the execution of public works which will generate new jobs that can influence to boost consumption. That kind of capital investment in terms of depression should be the main substitute for private investment. The last section elaborates the fiscal measures incorporated in the so-called New Deal of President Roosevelt which were represented through substantial increase in public spending, but such an inevitable march was preceded by the abolition of numerous tax exemptions

Body mass index and health-related quality of life in patients preparing for coronary angiography

There is evidence that body mass index (BMI) is related to some extent to the health related quality of life (HRQoL) in different populations. The purpose of our study was to investigate the relationship between the BMI and the HRQoL in patients awaiting coronary angiography. The sample consisted of 100 patients (68 males and 32 females) with symptomatology indicated for coronary angiography. For all of them BMI was calculated. They were also administered Duke Health profile questionnaire which measures adult self-reported functional health status. The findings reveal that BMI is related to some aspects of HRQoL. Considering this, health counseling directed at regulating body weight as part of the positive health behavior can benefit and improve some domains of the HRQoL and the QoL per se of the individuals having health problems

The Coordination of Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Context of Economic Stability - The Case of Macedonia

The paper goal is to point out the relevance of efficient coordination of fiscal and monetary policy in order to achieve economic stability and prosperity. It will analyze several critical economic situations like low industrial production, escalation of hyperinflation tension, high unemployment, an unfavorable balance of payments situation, and low foreign exchange reserves during the 90s in R. Macedonia. In this period the country tried through joint fiscal and monetary policy to battle off all the economic challenges that had risen from the dissolution of the Former country Yugoslavia.Especially the focus will be aimed on the stability programs through which the country successfully survived those critical times

Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in coronary artery disease

Uvod: Infekcija bakterijom Helicobacter (H.) pylori je dobro poznati uzrok kroničnog gastritisa i želučanog vrijeda. Međutim, sve je više dokaza da kronični upalni odgovor na ovaj patogen može isto tako imati važnu ulogu u koronarnoj arterijskoj bolesti (KAB). Cilj ove studije bio je ispitati razliku u seroprevalenciji infekcije H. pylori u kontrolnoj skupini u usporedbi sa skupinom bolesnika s elektrokardiografski dokazanom KAB. Materijal i metode: U studiju je bilo uključeno 98 zdravih osoba kao kontrolna skupina i 102 bolesnika s elektrokardiografskim dokazima srčane bolesti kao skupina bolesnika. Kvantitativno mjerenje IgG protutijela na H. pylori provedeno je automatiziranom metodom EIA u serumu ispitanika obiju skupina. Rezultati: Seroprevalencija H. pylori IgG bila je značajno viša u skupini bolesnika (87,3%) u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom (53,1%) (P<0,001). Zaključak: Rezultati su ukazali na moguću pojačanu seroepidemiološku udruženost infekcije H. pylori i KAB.Background: Helicobacter (H.) pylori infection is a well-established cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. However, there is growing evidence that chronic inflammatory response to this pathogen may also play an important role in coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in seroprevalence of H. pylori infection in a control group compared to a group of patients with electrocardiographic evidence of CAD. Materials and Methods: The study included 98 apparently healthy control subjects as the control group and 102 heart disease patients with electrocardiographic evidence of CAD as the patient group. Quantitative measurement of IgG antibodies to H. pylori in sera from subjects of both groups was performed with an automated commercial EIA method. Results: Seroprevalence of H. pylori IgG was significantly higher in the patient group (87.3%) compared to the control group (54.1%) (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results suggest that there may be an increased seroepidemiological association of H. pylori infection with CAD

The Comprehension of the Financial Crises

Financial crises had become some of the worst nightmares for a lot of politicians and economist which led a lot of researchers to analyze their implications. In this paper the authors approach fundamentally in describing the types of the financial crises, their characteristics and normally the repercussions that they left behind. If the policy decision makers have more information about the crises, they can be more careful in planning, designing, and implementing some crucial measures in the economic policy. Therefore the efficient prediction along with the experience of a lot of other countries exposed on such economic situations are essential in order to achieve success in sustaining it