Experimental Research of the Diffraction and Vavilov-Cherenkov Radiation Generation in a Teflon Target

Geometry of Vavilov-Cherekov (VChR) radiation when an electron moves close to a dielectric target is in analogy to diffraction radiation (DR) geometry. In this case we may expect DR generation from the upstream face of the target besides that VChR. The joint observation of these booth types of radiation is very interesting from the pseudo-photon viewpoint, which is applicable for relativistic electrons. Unexpected results obtained in our experiment insist on reflection about nature both DR and VChR. The experiment was performed on the relativistic electron beam of the microtron of Tomsk Polytechnic University.Comment: This article will be published in Journal of Physic

The problem of individualization of legal entities in terms of innovative development of the Russian Federation and the European Union economy

This article is a comprehensive analytical study of the problem of individualization of legal entities in terms of innovative development of the Russian Federation and the European Union. Using the latest methodology of scientific research, the authors provide a justification of the legal institution of individualization, as well as offer a wide range of means of individualization of innovation actors and participants, including in the virtual space of the Internet.peer-reviewe

Two Examples of the Reconstruction of the Main Defense Line of Mangup Fortress in the Theme Period of Its History

Поступила в редакцию: 13.07.2022. Принята к печати: 15.10.2022.Submitted: 13.07.2022. Accepted: 15.10.2022.Фемный период в истории Мангупа датируется 841 г. – серединой XI в. Недавни ми раскопками впервые за многие годы археологических исследований памятника выявлены два крупных ремонта его оборонительных сооружений. Они сильно отдалены друг от друга во времени – середина IX в. и конец Х в., что указывает на постоянное внимание со стороны местной византийской администрации к вопросам обороноспособности крепости. Ремонт середины IX в., следы которого зафиксированы при изучении укрепления А.XI в ущелье Табана-дере, являлся результатом включения Мангупской крепости в состав византийской фемы, учрежденной в Таврике не позднее 841 г. Значительной реконструкции подверглась первоначальная оборонительная линия, возведенная еще в конце правления императора Юстиниана I (527–565). Ремонт конца X в. носил более масштабный характер и имел точную дату, не позднее 994–995 гг. Об этом сообщается в строительной надписи с именем топотерита Цулы, сохранившейся in situ в кладке одной из башен укрепления в Табана-дере. Результатом работ стала кардинальная реконструкция по крайней мере двух ключевых фортификационных узлов Северного фронта обороны крепости – укреплений А.XI и A.XIV на склоне мыса Чуфут-Чеарган-бурун. Реконструкция двух важных объектов фортификации Мангупа в конце Х в. не выглядит случайным событием и хорошо вписывается в общий контекст военно-политической истории Крыма этого времени. Скорее всего, речь идет о целенаправленном укреплении Мангупской крепости после образования турмархии Готии в Горном Крыму, центром которой она являлась. В связи с этим топотерита Цулу, отмеченного в надписи 994–995 гг. и руководившего фортификационными работами, следует рассматривать не просто как коменданта отдаленной византийской крепости, а как одного из важных офицеров, который находился в непосредственном подчинении турмарха Готии, что более всего отражает распространенную административную практику в Византии для Х в.The Theme Period in the history of Mangup dates from 841 to the mid-eleventh century. For the first time in many years of archaeological researches at the site, recent excavations revealed two major repairs of the defensive structures of the fortress. These works date from the periods far from each other, and namely the mid-ninth century and the late tenth century; therefore, one may assume that the local Byzantine administration permanently paid attention to the defence capacity of the fortress. The mid-ninth century repair, which traces have been documented by the studies of the fortification A.XI in Tabana-dere ravine, occurred as a consequence of the inclusion of Mangup fortress into the Byzantine theme, established in Taurica in no later than 841. There was a significant reconstruction of the original defensive line, which was erected in the final years of Emperor Justinian I (527–565). The late tenth-century repair was of a larger scale and had an exact date, no later than 994–995. It is mentioned in the building inscription showing the name of Topoteretes Tzoulas, which survived in situ in the masonry of a fortification tower in Tabana-dere ravine. These works resulted in the radical reconstruction of at least two key fortifications at the northern front of the fortress defence, fortifications A.XI and A.XIV located on the slope of Chufut-Cheargan-burun promontory. The reconstruction of two important fortifications of Mangup in the late tenth century was not an accident: it fit well into the general context of the military and political history of the Crimea in the period under study. Most likely, it was the case of the purposeful strengthening of Mangup fortress after the establishment of the tourmarchia of Gothia in the mountainous Crimea and as the centre of the military-administrative unit. In this connection, Topoteretes Tzoulas, mentioned in the 994–995 inscription, who supervised the fortification works, should be considered both the commandant of a remote Byzantine fortress and also an officer of importance, who was directly subordinated to the tourmarches of Gothia, thus following the widespread administrative practice of tenth-century Byzantium.Исследование выполнено в рамках проекта РНФ № 22-28-00296 «Фортификация византийского Мангупа: северо-западный фронт Главной линии обороны». Выражаем признательность А. Г. Герцену и А. А. Душенко, авторам раскопок укреплений A.XI и A.XIV Главной линии обороны Мангупской крепости, за возможность использовать в статье неопубликованные материалы этих работ.The study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 22-28-00296 The Fortification of Byzantine Mangup: The North-Western Front of the Main Defence Line. I am grateful to A. G. Gertsen and A. A. Dushenko, the excavators of fortifications A.XI and A.XIV of the Main Defense Line of Mangup fortress, for the opportunity to use unpublished materials of these works in the article

Diffraction of real and virtual photons in a pyrolytic graphite crystal as source of intensive quasimonochromatic X-ray beam

A series of experiments on the parametric X-rays radiation (PXR) generation and radiation soft component diffraction of relativistic electrons in pyrolytic graphite (PG) crystals have been carried out at the Tomsk synchrotronyesBelgorod State Universit

Total cross sections for the reactions 10,11,12^{10,11,12}Be+28^{28}Si and 14^{14}B+28^{28}Si

In this paper, the results of measurements of the total cross sections for the reactions $^{10,11,12}$Be+$^{28}$Si and $^{14}$B+$^{28}$Si in the beam energy range $13A$--$47A$ MeV are presented. The experimental cross sections were obtained by detection of the gamma quanta and neutrons accompanying the interaction of the isotopes of Be and B with $^{28}$Si. It was found that the cross sections for $^{11,12}$Be are similar, but significantly exceed those for $^{10}$Be. A significant increase in the cross sections for $^{12}$Be with decreasing energy is observed in the entire measured energy range. A theoretical explanation of the obtained experimental data is given based on the microscopic model of deformed nuclei and the numerical solution of the time-dependent Schr\"{o}dinger equation for the outer weakly bound neutrons of the projectile nuclei. The calculated total reaction cross sections are in good agreement with the experimental data

Associations of genotype variants of single nucleotide polymorphism of gene orosomucoid-1-like-protein 3 and atopic diseases at children.

The paper presents data of the firstly conducted in Ukraine own study of associations of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs7216389 of orsomucoid-1-like protein 3 gene (ORMDL3) variants’ with atopic diseases in children. Aim: to detect clinical significance of the SNP rs7216389 ORMDL3 in genesis of atopic diseases in children. We examined 153 children aged 3 to 18 years. The main group consisted of 119 children with clinical manifestations of atopic diseases with elevated total serum immunoglobulin E, confirmed by immunofluorescence assay method. The comparison group consisted of 34 children with a non-aggravated individual or family allergic anamnesis in whom there was detected the absence of any clinical syndromes and symptoms of atopic diseases and, mostly, physiological parameters of the serum total immunoglobulin E by immunofluorescence assay method. All the children were genotyped by ORMDL3 gene using polymerase chain reaction in real time with a restricted fragment length polymorphism. The genotype T/T  within SNP rs7216389 of ORMDL3 gene significantly prevails among the children with atopic diseases and is associated with an increased incidence risk of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (SARC) by 4.11 times (95% CI 1.55; 16.61), perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) by 5.07 times (95% CI 1.22; 13.90) times and bronchial asthma (BA) by 10.31 times (95% CI 2.50; 42.62). Children with genotype T/T in locus rs7216389 of the ORMDL3 gene are the increased risk group for developing the atopic diseases. Children with genotype C/C in locus rs7216389 of the ORMDL3 gene are the decreased risk group for the development of atopic dermatitis

The role of chlorophyll in determining the resistance of soybean plants to prolonged soil flooding

Prolonged inundation of soybean plants leads to their death because of root hypoxia. Therefore, the search for markers of resistance to this factor will provide the opportunity to develop the varieties able to resist this stress. The research was aimed at the study of response of 3 varieties bred by Federal Research Center All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean to prolonged flooding according to the indicator of chlorophyll a and b content in soybean leaves. The study was carried out in 2019-2021 in laboratory experiments when growing plants on hydroponic installations with 24-day soil flooding (control - soil with optimal moisture content). In soybean varieties Evgeniya and Kukhanna, registered as resistant to overwatering soil, the response by content of chlorophyll forms in leaves under 24-day flooding of the soil surface with 1-2 cm layer of water differed. It was found that increase of chlorophyll a in leaves of Evgeniya variety under flooding was connected with providing the ability of this variety plants to resist the stressful flooding factor. The presence of chlorophyll b in the leaves of this variety before the ripeness phase indicates that it can serve as an indicator of plant resistance to root hypoxia to a greater extent, since the plants continued to grow and develop. In the Kukhanna variety, the content of both forms of chlorophyll at optimum soil moisture of the control variety was higher or at the same level as in the variant with flooding, that cannot serve as the criterion of resistance of this variety to root hypoxia. In the Kitrossa variety, the resistance of which to overwatering has not been noted by the breeders yet there were revealed wavy fluctuations in chlorophyll a/b ratio during the first 10 days of flooding. The fluctuations were caused by changes in the content of chlorophyll b, the concentration of which increased first and then decreased. This fluctuation is most clearly seen in the graph of the change in the ratio between chlorophyll a and b, that may serve as a marker for determination of resistance of soybean varieties to prolonged soil flooding

5-HT1A receptor: its role in the regulation of different kinds of behavior

Brain serotonin (5-HT) is known to be involved in the control of a wide range of physiological functions as well as of different kinds of behavior. Such polyfunctionality of 5-HT is mediated by numerous 5-HT receptors. Currently, 14 different 5-HT receptor subtypes expressed in the mammals have been identified. The 5-HT1А receptor is one of the most extensively characterised members of the serotonin receptor family. Increased interest to the 5-HT1А receptor is based on (1) a key role in the autoregulation of the brain serotonergic system due to the postsynaptic and presynaptic localization, (2) a great body of data demonstrating implication of 5-HT1А receptor in the control of various physiological functions (3) involvement of 5-HT1А receptors in the mechanisms of depression, anxiety and suicide. The review describes literature and original data on factors affecting the expression and functional activity of 5-HT1А receptors and the involvement of 5-HT1А receptors in the regulation of normal and pathological behavior. The structure of the 5-HT1А receptor gene is described and new data on the posttranslational regulation of 5-HT1А receptor functional activity are provided. A special focus was given to the interaction between 5-HT1А and 5-HT7 receptors followed by heterodimer formation and the role of heterodimerization in the functional inactivation of the 5-HT1А receptor. The implication of 5-HT1А receptors in the regulation of aggressive behavior, catalepsy, anxiety, depression and hibernation was shown. Special attention is focused on the involvement of 5-HT1А receptors in the regulation of 1) fear-induced aggression towards man – the basis of domestication, 2) intermale aggression underling asocial behavior in men, 3) depression and in the mechanism of antidepressant action. The described data extend the idea on the 5-HT1А receptor as a key player in the brain 5-HT system