Absorption and reaction of CO2 in capillaries

The process of carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction to value-added chemicals is being extensively studied worldwide. The main purpose is to decrease emissions to the environment that are associated with global warming, as well as the creation of renewable and sustainable energy sources. In the aforementioned process, the absorption of CO2 is of paramount importance as well as the reactor where the CO2 conversion takes place. In this context, the objective of this chapter is to present and analyze the results of the CO2 absorption in alkaline solutions in capillary reactors. A hydrodynamic study is included in order to establish the operational window of liquid and gas velocities in order to achieve the Taylor flow regime. All experiments were conducted in a capillary reactor (dc = 3 mm). The studied variables were temperature, NaOH concentration (0-0.75 M) and capillary length (300 and 100 mm). It was found that the volumetric mass transfer coefficient of the absorption of CO2 in water increases when the temperature decreases, while the CO2 absorption in NaOH solutions increases directly with temperature. By means of the Ha number, it was concluded that the mass transfer controlled the absorption process when usingalkaline solutions.CONACYT SCHOLARSHIP (239954) CONACYT Project No. 269093 UAEMEX project 6235/2020CI

OPTIMIZACIÓN DE PROCESOS

GUÍA DE EVALUACIÓN DEL APRENDIZAJ

Advanced Oxidation Processes: Ozonation and Fenton Processes Applied to the Removal of Pharmaceuticals

This chapter aims to present the fundamentals, important variables, and pharmaceuticals removed by ozonation and Fenton, which are only two of the current existing advanced oxidation processes. Some toxicological information regarding pharmaceuticals oxidized by ozonation is also included. Some strategies to improve such processes, like adding a catalyst, light, or electrical current, are also analyzed. Thus, this chapter intends to present general but fundamental aspects of the aforementioned processes

Advanced Oxidation Processes II: Removal of Pharmaceuticals by Photocatalysis

In this chapter, basic concepts of advanced oxidation processes (AOP) are cited, such as photolysis, photocatalysis, and semiconductors used as photocatalysts. This is important since the wastewater pollution with drugs, coming from domestic use, hospitals, and industry is not only an environmental problem but social too. Pharmaceutical case study is shown to exemplify the photocatalytic degradation of different drugs contained in wastewater taken directly from some currents in the pharmaceutical industry, such as diclofenac, acetaminophen, naproxen, and ibuprofen, using modified TiO2 catalysts with different tin contents.CONACy

Biodiesel production as an alternative to reduce the environmental impact of University food courts

The objective of this work was to assess the environmental impacts of producing biodiesel by heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. The raw material for the process was the waste cooking oil (WCO) generated at 27 food courts of Autonomous University of the State of Mexico. The study was conducted by applying Life Cycle Assessment methodology and the environmental impacts were calculated with the SimaPro 9.1.0.11 PhD software with the Ecoinvent database. The method was CMLIA base line C3.06/EU25. The assessed impact categories were: Abiotic Depletion Potential (ADP, elements), Abiotic Depletion Potential (ADP, fossil fuels), Global Warming Potential (100 years) (GWP), Ozone Layer Depletion (ODP), Human Toxicity (HT), Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity (FWAE), Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity (MAE), Terrestrial Ecotoxicity (TE), Photochemical Oxidation (PO), Acidification (A) and Eutrophication (E). In addition, end point environmental indicators were also calculated (Ecosystems Quality, Human Health Damage and Resources Availability) by the method ReCiPe 2016 Endpoint (H) V1.04 / World (2010) H/A. The system boundary enclosed three main stages, WCO collection, pre-treatment and reaction (to produce biodiesel). It was concluded that the reaction stage is the one with the highest environmental impact. In this sense, the highest impact categories were ADP (fossil fuels) (105.56 MJ), GWP (8.91 kg CO2 eq) and MAE (2387.89 kg 1, 4-DB eq). Nevertheless, it was also found that the GWP for the heterogeneous process is 82.52 % lower than that calculated for the homogeneous process. In addition, the human health damage of the homogeneous process is 1.77 points and is higher than the observed with the heterogeneous process.UAEMEX 5083/REDP202 UAEMEX 6219/2020CIB CONACYT SCHOLARSHIP 36063

Bifunctional catalysts applied to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil

This work aims to present the analysis of the catalytic performance of Fe2O3/CaO as a bifunctional catalyst in the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. The clamshell was used as a source of calcium oxide by calcination. The catalyst was characterized by Thermogravimetric analysis and Differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The catalytic tests were conducted at 55  C, the methanol:oil ratio was 12:1, amount of catalyst of 6%wt and reaction time of 5 h. The content of methyl esters in the produced biodiesel was >98% and was found to fulfill the specifications of European Norm UNE-EN 14214.Proyecto 6218/2020 CIB UAEMex CONACYT. Beca de estudios de posgrado (1000624) Estancia de investigación especializado Comecyt-EdoMex (EESP2021-0029

Catálisis en el Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable, uaem-unam*

Describimos aquí las actividades de investigación en el área de catálisis realizadas por algunas investigadoras de la Facultad de Química de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, adscritas al Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable, uaem-unam. Se incluyen las líneas de investigación que desarrollan, las contribuciones que han generado y los logros en este campo obtenidos en los últimos años. También se presenta información sobre la infraestructura con que se cuenta en el cciqs y en la Facultad de Química para llevar a cabo investigación sobre catálisis; la importancia que tienen los trabajos de colaboración nacional e internacional, así como, la formación de recursos humanos altamente especializados en esta área. Por último, presentamos las perspectivas de investigación y desarrollo planteadas para el campo de la catálisis

Towards Sustainability: Photochemical and electrochemical processes applied for environmental protection

In the last century, public policy around the globe was mainly focused on economic growth leaving out of this perspective, social concerns and the environment detriment that this merely economic approach was causing. It was until the last quarter of the 20th century that people started to be aware of the growing poverty and of the jeopardy of the planet as a result of human being activities. In consequence, the concept of sustainable development emerged in the United Nations as a call to all countries to integrate economic growth with social needs and environmental protection, in such a way that our activities as earth inhabitants stopped compromising the quality of life and needs satisfaction of future generations